• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.363-367
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility and validity of using a pupillometer to assess patients with acute brain lesions. Methods : Pupillary examinations using an automated pupillometer ($NeurOptics^{(R)}NPi^{TM}$-100 Pupillometer) were performed every 4 hours and were simultaneously assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and for intracranial pressure (ICP), from admission to discharge or expire in neuro-intensive care unit (NICU). Manual pupillary examinations were also recorded for comparison. By comparing these data, we evaluated the validity of using automated pupillometers to predict clinical outcomes. Results : The mean values of the Neurologic Pupillary index (NPi) were different in the groups examined manually. The GCS correlated well with NPi values, especially in severe brain injury patients (GCS below 9). However, the NPi values were weakly correlated with intracranial pressure (ICP) when the ICP was lower than 30 cm $H_2O$. The NPi value was not affected by age or intensity of illumination. In patients with a "poor" prognosis who had a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 1 or 2, the mean initial NPi score was $0.88{\pm}1.68$, whereas the value was $3.89{\pm}0.97$ in patients with a "favorable" prognosis who had a GOS greater than 2 (p<0.001). For predicting clinical outcomes, the initial NPi value of 3.4 had the highest sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion : An automated pupillometer can serve as a simple and useful tool for the accurate measurement of pupillary reactivity in patients with acute brain lesions.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2013

In ophthalmology, a pupillometer, a device to measure the diameter of the pupil of the eye, can provide information on the function of the autonomic nervous system. The current pupillometers on the market are either too large to be a handheld instrument, or relatively expensive. In this study, a pupillometer based on a smartphone was designed. Both white and infrared LEDs and a 3M pixel camera of a smartphone were applied for the visual stimuli to an eye and for the acquisition of the eye images, respectively. Contrary to the existing method of pupil measurement that usually observe the variation of pupil diameter, the proposed algorithm in this study was applied to calculate the constriction ratio of the pupillary area in response to pupillary light reflex. The results showed that the constriction ratio of the pupillary area were all in the normal range (above 4.0) from the sixteen healthy participants. It is believed that the approach to pupil measurement used in this study is suitable for a mobile interface, and this system can be applied to clinical research, home-use healthcare, and distributed to some areas which suffer from problems like a lack of medical support.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This research was performed to measure and analyze scotopic pupil size in myopes and to figure out the factors that influence it. Methods: The pupil size of 191 healthy myopic subjects were measured with the pupillometer (Colvard pupillometer, OASIS medical, USA) in scotopic and analyzed with the age, corneal size, spherical equivalent refractive error, corneal curvature. In addition, it was compared with the measurements of intra-examiner and inter-examiner to verify reproducibility of pupillometer. Results: The mean (${\pm}$SD) scotopic pupil size was $6.64{\pm}0.68$ mm (range, 5.00~8.00 mm), the lower age and the larger corneal size, The bigger the pupil size. The lower spherical equivalent refractive error and steepper corneal curvature tends to be smaller. The reproducibility of intra-examiner and inter-examiner in pupillometer showed the reliability highly (Guttman splithalf point > 0.91). Conclusions: The pupil size associated with age, corneal size, spherical equivalent refractive error and corneal curvature in scotopic condition. It can refer to prevent inconvenience that may occur RGP contact lenses, cataract surgery and refractive surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.469-482
• /
• 2018

Purpose : We investigated the change of spherical and comma aberrations after wearing aspheric soft contact lens (ASCL) in young myopes. Methods : Fifty young myopes ($23.15{\pm}1.70years$, spherical equivalent: $-2.90{\pm}1.75D$) were recruited and refractive errors were corrected using ASCL (Biotrue, Bausch+Lomb, USA). High order aberrations were measured in the 4 mm pupil size using the wavefront analyze and pupil sizes were measured with a pupillometer at the modes of scotopic condition (light off) at 3.5 m in the 100 lx illuminance condition. Results : Spherical aberrations and coma aberration of the 20s myopes were $0.026{\pm}0.031{\mu}m$ and $0.078{\pm}0.039{\mu}m$ respectively, and $0.019{\pm}0.026{\mu}m$ and $0.082{\pm}0.038{\mu}m$ after ASCL wear that spherical aberration was decreased and coma aberration was increased. However, spherical aberration was decreased in the 68% of the subject have positive spherical aberration, and increased in the 11% of the subject have negative spherical aberration. Coma aberration was increased in the 53% of the subject, did not change in the 19% of the subjects, and decreased in the 28% of the subject. Spherical aberration was not different with the refractive errors in low and moderate myopies, however, coma aberrations was higher in the higher myopes. Conclusion : In a scotopic condition without accommodation stimuli, spherical aberration is decreased after wearing ASCL, however in the subject have negative spherical aberration spherical aberration could be increased, and which is thought to be the influence of contact lens design and pupil size.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is evaluate for effect quality eye care to the aged population of rural community. This study investigated one of important factors in dispensing distance pupillary distance. measured reading pupillary distance, calculated reading pupillary distance into age group and sex. I measured pupillary distance and near inter pupillary distance with corneal reflection pupillometer(shin Nippon PD-82) The objects are male and female living rural community at least 60 years old. The mean pupillary distance for distance of male and female were 63.52 mm, 61.24 mm, respectively. The mean measured reading pupillary distance of male and female were 60.12 mm, 58.08 mm, respectively. Gradient and difference between male and female were same with mean pupillary distance for distance. The result of comparison the mean difference of the mean measured reading pupillary distance and the calculated reading pupillary distance into the age group and sex. This result of changes of addition, as the age is older, the mean addition is greater than youth. I'd like to compare changes of these factors influenced by environmental factors, however I couldn't see about these. So I couldn't considered their relationship and some possible problems of wearing commercial reading glass.