• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

To evaluate the effectiveness of central venous catheters(CVCs) in children, 320 CVCs placed in 255 neonate and children over a 10-year period were analyzed retrospectively. CVC was placed by one pediatric surgeon for a total of 6, 116 patients days. Catheters were placed preoperatively for TPN or chemo in 223 cases. CVC was solely for TPN in 57 cases and for chemotherapy in 40. Local anesthesia was utilized in 71 cases, and the general anesthesia was administered in the remainder of the patients. The subclavian vein was catheterized(SCV) in 202 cases(82 infants and neonates), tunneled external jugular venotomy(EJV) was utilized in 38, tunneled internal jugular venotomy(UV) in 2, the facial venotomy(FV) was used in 3, and the umbilical vein was catheterized UVC) with vein transposition in 74 infants. In neonates, 72 UVCs were placed during laparotomy. SCV was increased with ages, from 3 kg of minimal body weight. The average catheter-periods over-all were 19.1 days, SCV 17 days, EJV 40, IJV 60 and UVC 14. Technical complications were; arterial puncture(6), puncture failure(5) and abnormal location(12) in SCV; insertion failure(3) in EJV; abnormal location in the portal vein(4) and the liver parenchyma(2) cystic fluid accumulations in UVC. Twelve migrations(3.8 %) out of position occurred; SCV(2), EJV(1) and UVC(9). There were 4 cases(1.2 %) of catheter obstruction and 11(3.4 %) of catheter infection(3 SCV, 2 EJV and 6 UVC). Rescue procedures were utilized with some success. There was one mortality(0.3 %) due to deep sedation in a 1.06 kg baby during placement of an EJV. The surgeon's experience, proper catheter selection and following safety rules are the most important factors for successful CVCs.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.109-124
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• 2006

Responses to various types of mechanically induced wounding were followed in the giant-celled Caulerpalean species, Derbesia tenuissima, using time-lapse video-microscopy. Gametophyte vesicle cells. Puncture wounding: the gametophyte cell seals the puncture in 5 min. This is followed by cycles of ruptures and sealing, ending with full recovery in 24 hrs. Cut wounding: the protoplast immediately retracts away from the wall and reforms an intact, deflated protoplast that expands to fill the original cell within 21 hrs. Crush wounding (internal). When retained within the cell wall many protoplast fragments condense, round up, and coalesce; the reconstituted protoplast expands until it attains complete recovery, filling the original cell shape in 12 hrs. Crush wounding (external). Protoplast fragments extruded from the crushed cell are more numerous and smaller taking longer to recover. Most fragments become spherical, transforming into small viable cells capable of reproduction in several days. Sporophyte filaments. Crush wounding creates many small fragments that initially condense, coalesce and then expand within the wall to restore a complete filament with normal cytoplasmic streaming within 5 hrs. Reproduction: gametophyte. Our culture isolates produce more females than males (30:1). Gametangia develop one day before discharge that occurs explosively (1/6 sec) at first morning light. The vesicle cell forms successive gametangia every 14 days. Sporophyte. Each sporangium develops on a lateral branch that becomes isolated by the creation of successive basal plugs. After cytoplasmic cleavage and differentiation the stephanokont spores are discharged. The spores settle quickly and germinate forming gametophyte cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : Esophageal voice, Silicone voice Prosthesis with tracheo-esophageal (T-E) puncture have been used as vocal rehabilitation methods for postlaryngectomy. However, long-term follow-up in the voice rehabilitation in the total laryngectomees has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to analyze practice of postlaryngectomy voice rehabilitation and to find the effective voice rehabilitation. Materials and Methods : From Jan 1992 until June 2002, 75 patients underwent a total laryngectomy at Yongdong Severance Hospital. We retrospectively studied voice rehabilitation methods commonly used, acquisition levels of esophageal speech, patients satisfaction scale (5 rating scale) according to the methods in 33 of them (40 died, 2 unavailable) by using charts review, telephone interview. Results : T-E speech is most commonly used by 14 patients (42.4%) : A tracheo-esophageal procedure (primary or secondary puncture) by 21 : and 8 patients removed Provox. 1 patient had no voice rehabilitation. 7 patients (21.2%) have used esophageal speech : 4 patients of them have used it after removing Provox. Electrolarynx has been used with other voice rehabilitation methods : 4 patients have only used this method and 3 patients with T-E speech, 1 patient with esophageal speech. However, 6 patients (18%) remained without a substitute voice rehabilitation. In the satisfaction with speech and management of voice rehabilitation methods, patients using esophageal speech were most satisfied (4.1), patients with T-E speech were unsatisfied (2.3). Regarding with the acquisition level of esophageal speech in 33 patients, 22 patients (66.6%) failed without functional speech. Conclusion : To increase patients satisfaction and to achieve successful voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy, preoperative counseling, pretesting, appropriate patient selection of each method and team decision-making and postoperative voice therapy must be considered.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5101-5106
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• 2015

Background: This systemic analysis was conducted to evaluate tumor recurrence rate and one-year survival rate for patients with liver metastases received radiofrequency ablation after transarterial chemoembolization and introduce a new method of radiofrequency ablation by puncture navigation technology for single liver metastases after transarterial chemoembolization. Materials and Methods: Clinical studies evaluating tumor recurrence rate and one-year survival rate. Appling the innova trackvision software to process one liver metastases received transarterial chemoembolization and using radiofrequency ablation by puncture navigation technology to treat the liver metastases. Results: 3 clinical studies which including 235 patients with liver metastases after transaeterial chemoembolization were considered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis suggested that tumor recurrence rate was 23% (54/235), one-year survival rate was 76% (178/235). The new procedure was performed successfully and the patient received a good prognosis. Conclusions: This systemic analysis suggests that radiofrequency ablation is a good method for liver metastases after transarterial chemoembolization and could receive a relatively good prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5153-5157
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• 2016

Objective: The benefits of screening and early detection of breast cancer, including reduced morbidity and mortality, have been well-reported in the literature. In 2011, a breast cancer screening program was launched in Meknes-Tafilalt region of Morocco. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early performance indicators of this program. Materials and Methods: This retrospective evaluative study was conducted between April 2012 and December 2014, in Meknes-Tafilalt region of Morocco. Several performance indicators of the breast cancer screening program were calculated: the compliance rate, the positivity rate, the referral rate, the cancer detection rate and the organizational indicators. Results: During 2012-2014, a total of 184,951 women participated in the breast cancer screening program. The compliance rate was 26%, the positive rate was 3.3%, the referral rate was 36.7%, and the cancer detection rate was 1.2 per 1,000 women. The median time between the date of clinical breast examination and the date of biopsy (or cyto-puncture) was 36 days. The median time between the date of positive mammography and the date of biopsy (or cyto-puncture) was 6 days. The median time between the date of clinical breast examination and the date of the first received treatment was 61 days. Conclusions: The program needs better monitoring, as well as implementation of quality assurance tools to improve performance in our country.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.222-232
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• 2002

Background and Purpose: After the coronary angiography procedure, patients are required to remain on bed rest to reduce the risk of bleeding and hematoma formation at the puncture site. This prolonged bed rest in the supine position is difficult for many patients, who frequently complain of low back pain. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a specially designed exercise therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) had an effect on the alleviation of low back pain. Method: Sixty-two patients were assigned to one of three groups : specially designed exercise therapy plus TENS plus general nursing care (exercise group N=21), general nursing care plus TENS (TENS group, N=23) or general nursing care (control group, N=18). The exercise therapy consisted of five movements including stretching, pelvic tilting, knee to chest, modified situps and trunk rotation with minimizing the motion of the puncture site. The severity of low back pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale(VAS) every two hours. The use of analgesic and any development of bleeding or other complications were monitored as well. The level of serum ${\beta}$-endorphin was determined before and after the three interventions. Result: The pain score of the exercise group was significantly lowered compared to that of the other groups. There was no difference in the serum ${\beta}$-endorphin level among three groups. Analgesic were less frequently taken by the exercise group. However the incidence of bleeding complications was not significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: Exercise therapy is more effective than general care or TENS in alleviating low back pain of the patients with coronary angiography.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2016

Objective : Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is often complicated by difficult revascularization and non-involved territory embolization possibly related with larger clot-burden. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of proximal aspiration thrombectomy (PAT) using a balloon-tipped guide catheter for clot-burden reduction in such cases with period-to-period analysis (period 1 : standard MT without PAT; period 2 : PAT first, then standard MT for the remaining occlusion). Methods : Eighty-six patients who underwent MT for acute intracranial ICA occlusion were included in this analysis from the prospectively maintained stroke registry (33 patients in period 1 and 53 in period 2). In period 2, 'responder' was defined as a case where some amount of clot was retrieved by PAT and the following angiography showed partial or full recanalization. Results : Fifteen of fifty-three patients in period 2 (28.3%) were 'responders' to PAT. There was a significantly higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in the 'responder' subgroup. Period 2 showed a significantly shorter puncture-to-reperfusion time (94.5 minutes vs. 56.0 minutes; p=0.002), a significantly higher Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction of 2b-3 reperfusion (45.5% vs. 73.6%; p=0.009), but only a trend for better 3-month favorable outcome (mRS 0-2; 36.4% vs. 54.7%; p=0.097). There was no increase in the incidence of procedure-related complications or intracranial hemorrhage in period 2. Conclusion : A strategy of PAT before standard MT may result in shorter puncture-to-reperfusion time and better angiographic outcome than a strategy of standard MT for acute intracranial ICA occlusion.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2002

Chronic diabetic patients need to sample capillary blood for monitoring and controlling the blood sugar level. Frequent sampling requires to minimize pain during skin puncture. The present study developed mechanisms to minimize pain with effective sampling procedure. which consisted of tapered spring, guiding tunnel, and 30G needle Penetration depth was limited to within 2mm for pain reduction as well as for safety. Simple no-reuse mechanism also prevented the cross-patient and secondary infection possibility. Clinical experiments demonstrated the best convenience and safety with minimal pain in the diabetes, normal, and nursing students groups. Sing1e blood sampling was enough for successful blood sugar test by portable analyzer. The present sing1e use auto-lancet should be of great convenience in frequent capillary blood sampling for the diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2002

In this thesis, ZnO varistors with various formulation, such as A∼E, were fabricated according to ceramic fabrication method. The microstructure, electrical properties, and surge characteristics of ZnO varistors were investigated according to ZnO varistors with various formulation. In the microstructure, A∼E\`s ZnO varistor ceramics sintered at 1130$\^{C}$ was consisted of ZnO grain(ZnO), spinel phase (Zn$\_$2.33/Sb$\_$0.67/O$\_$4/), Bi-rich phase(Bi$_2$O$_3$) and intergranuler phase, wholly. Lightning impulse residual voltage of A, B, C and E\`s ZnO varistors suited standard characteristics, below 12kV at current of 5kA. On the contrary, D\`s ZnO varistor exhibited high residual voltage as high reference voltage. In the accelerated aging test, leakage current and watt loss of B, C and D\`s ZnO varistors increases abruptly with stress time under the first a.c. stress(115$\^{C}$/3.213kV/300h). Consequently, C varistor exhibited a thermal run away. On the contrary, leakage current and watt loss of A and C\`s ZnO varistors which show low initial leakage current exhibited constant characteristics. After high current impulse test, A\`s ZnO varistor has broken the side of varistor but impulse current flowed. On the contrary, E\`s ZnO Varistor exhibited good discharge characteristics which the appearance of varistor was not wrong such as puncture, flashover, creaking and other significant damage. After long duration impulse current test, E\`s ZnO varistor exhibited good discharge characteristics which the appearance of varistor was not wrong such as puncture, flashover, creaking and other significant damage. After high current impulse test and long duration impulse current test, E\`s ZnO varistor exhibited very good characteristics which variation rate of residual voltage is 1.4% before and after test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.665-671
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to establish selective hepatic artery catheterization technique through percutaneous femoral artery puncture and to offer digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of hepatic artery in beagle dogs. Percutaneous femoral artery puncture was performed with Sheldinger's method. Microferret$^{TM}$-18 Infusion catheter(William, Cook, Europe) was introduced into abdominal aorta. Then, under fluoroscopy, iopamidol 370(Bracco, Italy) was injected to identify celiac artery and 'J' shaped guide wire was introduced into celiac artery. Catheter could be introduced into celiac artery through guide wire. In this manner, catheter was located at the insertion of hepatic artery and DSA was performed. In DSA of beagle dogs, hepatic artery which was divided into lateral branch, right-medial branch, right-lateral branch of hepatic artery, cystic artery and gastroduodenal artery was opacified without superimposition of any other body structure and so was the parenchyme of liver afterward. In autopsy angiographic finding of resected liver, cystic artery, caudate branch, lateral branch, right-medial branch, right-lateral branch and quadrate branch of hepatic artery were identified. It was concluded that selective hepatic artery catheterization technique was a minimally invasive method that facillitated the approach of hepatic artery and DSA was an excellent tool to visualize the vessle of liver in dogs.