• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.289-296
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• 2009

In this study, I presented power control unit with potential use in the magnetic stimulation of biological systems. The effect of the magnetic stimulation depends on the geometry and orientation of the induced electric field as well as on the current pulse waveform delivered by the stimulator coil. TMS is achieved from the outside of the head using pulses of electromagnetic field that induce an electric field in the brain. There are numerous possibities in the applications TMS, such as diagnosis and therapy through the brain stimulation. These factors are very important to define the equipment requirements and characteristics in that the topology of the power supply and the size and geometry of the coil. The proposed solution is the generation of current pulses with variable amplitude and duration, according to a user defined input. Another solution is the topology that uses elements to store and transfer energy from the power source to the load. In addition to proposed topology, an adequate control strategy and right set of the power circuit parameters made possible to obtain unipolar waves and bipolar waves.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.395-404
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of music intervention on the patient's fear and anxiety during scaling. Methods: 360 patients who had visited W University dental hygiene laboratory were selected as study subjects and divided into experiment group and control group. Results: Study results showed that the control group (71.9%) and the experimental group (75.1%) had experiences avoiding dental treatment due to fear. In the control group (37.6%) and experimental group (40.6%), the highest influencing factor was the sound of machine and followed by pain. The experimental group preferred classical music, followed by pop songs, trot music and instrumental music. In the experimental group (83.3%), fear and anxiety were alleviated by music, and 77.9% of the patients mentioned they would recommend music for scaling to other patients. There was an interaction effect (p=0.014) between the groups before and after the measurement of the lowest blood pressure. There was a significant difference in pulse before and after pulse measurement (p=0.000). There was a significant difference in respiration between groups (p=0.042) and before and after respiration (p=0.030). Conclusions: Study results showed that music intervention that utilizes music during scaling showed significant effects on the alleviation of fear and anxiety, affecting Pulse number among vital signs. Therefore, more systematic program is to be required to alleviate dental fear and anxiety with music therapy not only for scaling, but also for dental clinic in the future.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.27-44
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• 2007

Background: Eight-Constitution Medicine (ECM) classifies the human body into eight constitutions. Diagnosis of discrimination of the eight constitutions depends on a unique pulse diagnosis. However, pulse diagnosis is subjective and requires vigorous training. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of the Eight-Constitution Questionnaire as a diagnostic method. Methods: Participants of this study were outpatients in six ECM clinics located in Seoul. The resources were collected from 409 patients who were classified into one of the eightconstitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-acupuncture therapy. SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis: factor analysis, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test, and multinomial logistic regression were used to verify the results. Results and Conclusions: 1. The proportion of participants' constitutions is in the order of Pancreotonia (23.7%), Colonotonia (19.8%), Pulmotonia (18.1%), Hepatonia (16.9%), Vesicotonia (8.1%), Cholecystotonia (7.3%), Renotonia (5.3%) and Gastrotonia (0.7%). 2. Sevencomponents and 74 items were selected through factor factor and relaibility analysis performed on about 251 items. 3. The firstcomponent's mean is significantly higher in Pancreotonia than that in other constitutions (p<0.05). The second is in Pulmotonia and Colonotonia, whereas the third is in Hepatonia and Cholecystotonia. Fifth is in Vesicotonia, the sixth is in Colonotonia, and the fourth and seventh are not significant in specific constitutions. 4. The percentage that Pancreotonia is correctly predicted is 96.9%, Pulmotonia is 91.9%, Colonotonia is 91.4%, Hepatonia is 88.4%, Vesicotonia is 81.8%, Gastrotonia is 66.7%, Renotonia is 66.7%, Choleeystotonia is 30.0%, and the total percentage is 85.3%.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.277-288
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• 2019

Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction and counter-stimulation (CS) on dental anxiety and pain perception to local anesthesia in children. Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional clinical trial with a parallel design was used. Seventy children 7-11 years old who required local anesthesia (LA) for pulp therapy or tooth extraction were recruited and allocated to two groups with equal distribution based on the intervention. Group CS (n = 35) received CS and Group VR (n = 35) received VR distraction with ANTVR glasses. Anxiety levels (using pulse rate) were evaluated before, during, and after administration of local anesthesia, while pain perception was assessed immediately after the injection. Wong-Baker faces pain-rating scale (WBFPS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Venham's clinical anxiety rating scale (VCARS) were used for pain evaluation. Student's t-test was used to test the mean difference between groups, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the mean difference of pulse rates. Results: Significant differences in mean pulse rates were observed in both groups, while children in the VR group had a higher reduction (P < 0.05), and the mean VCARS scores were significant in the VR group (P < 0.05). Mean WBFPS scores showed less pain perception to LA needle prick in the CS group while the same change was observed in the VR group with VAS scores. Conclusions: VR distraction is better than CS for reducing anxiety to injection in children undergoing extraction and pulpectomy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.53-58
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• 2019

Recently, product research has been continuously conducted to enhance accessibility to blood pressure measurement for the purpose of healthcare for the chronic patient. In previous studies, electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoelectric pulse wave (PPG) are analyzed to calculate systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The problem is the development of analysis algorithms for accuracy and reproducibility. In this study, in the development stage of a micro blood pressure measuring device, the size of the device was reduced and the measurement method was simplified, while the algorithm was to extract systolic blood pressure (SBP) using only two PPGs and obtain diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The difference value of PPG, DF_P, is inversely related to SBP, and has a proportional relationship with DBP, which can be leaked by algorithm, and DBP can be tracked through SBP.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the intensity of microcurrent stimulation (with currents of 50 ${\mu}A$, 100 ${\mu}A$ and 300 ${\mu}A$ using a pulse frequency of 5 pps) on wound healing in rats. Methods: Sixty male Korean rats were randomly divided into four groups of 15 rats that were subjected to four different treatment protocols (control group, no treatment; experimental groups, treated with currents of 50 ${\mu}A$, 100 ${\mu}A$ or 300 ${\mu}A$). An experimental 20 mm linear wound was made in each animal and all animals in the experimental groups received microcurrent stimulation once a day for 20 minutes until the day of sacrifice on day 1, day 3 and day 6. An optical microscope was used to determine any histological changes. Results: The experimental results were as follows. 1. In an examination with the naked eye, all groups showed similar changes until the first day. However, from the third day, a little intercellular fluid soaked through wound region in the control group rats. In the experimental group animals, little intercellular fluid soaked through wound region, and swelling and redness did not appear, from the third day. 2. In an examination with histological evaluation, more significant changes were observed in all of the experimental group rats than the control group animals. Especially, a stimulation intensity of 50 ${\mu}A$ caused a more significant effect than the use of the other intensities by day 6 of wound healing. In addition, rapid recovery was observed. Conclusion: It was determined that microcurrent stimulation had a positive effect on wound healing. A stimulation intensity of 50 ${\mu}A$ was more effective than the other intensities (100 ${\mu}A$ and 300 ${\mu}A$) utilized for wound healing. Furthermore, low-intensity microcurrent stimulation was more effective for the purpose of wound healing.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2019

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of high-voltage microcurrent therapy in patients with herniated lumbar disc (HLD) presenting radicular or back pain. Method: This is a retrospective study with 33 patients who are complaining pain with HLD findings on magnetic resonance image. Microcurrent therapy was applied to leg or paralumbar area. Treatment was conducted for seven minutes with 250~1000 uA intensity as high as the patients could tolerate via stimulating probe with roller type and the frequency was 60 Hz with a sine wave pulse. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was measured just before and after the treatment. Results: The degree of pain reduction (△VAS) was 1.6 points after treatment on average. The △VAS according to the diagnosis, stenosis, dermatome area, medication, pain site and caudal epidural block was not statistically significant. However, the △VAS according to the number of treatments (< 3, ≥ 3 times) showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.04). Conclusion: High-voltage microcurrent therapy may help reduce lumbar or lumbosacral radiating pain after the procedure. The effect was better when microcurrent was applied three times or more. This result suggests that the microcurrent would have cumulative effect on reducing radicular or back pain in patients with HLD.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.897-903
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• 1999

Many out patients of the rehabilitation center complaint a pain caused by suffering of MPS, and it brings many different kind of social and ecinomical problems such as medical expenses and the reduction in work efficiency. Therefore, we conducted a research to present a fast and effective treatment to the MPS patients. this research was conducted from November, 1996 to January 1998 with eighteen outpatients who agreed to be the subjects to our reserach. We applied the electric acupuncture on 28 different trigger point on the patients with mostly muscular-skeletal pain and some tender and radiating pain. After the treatment, VRS, VAS, PRI were used to measure the degree of the pain on the patients third and seventh visits, and following results were found. 1. To apply EAP treatment, we acupunctured 6em-Iong needles on Tps region, then the electrodes of pulse generater pg-306 E.S.T were connected on the top of the needles. the electric acupuncture therapy was conducted for 20 minutes with the intensity of 4hz - 60hz(auto wave). The treated electric intensity was the level at which the patients did not feel discomfort. 2. Thirteen out of the 18 participated patients were in their 30s and 40s(72.2%), showing highest frequency. There were more female than male with the ratio of 1 to 1:2. 3. six out of the participated patients (33.3%) had the pain for less then a week, and the average duration of the pain of the participated patients wear 0.8 years. 4. The pain occured mostly in the upper trapezius by 6 part (21.4%), then in the gluteus medius region by 4 part (14.3%). Many of the patients with the pain in the upper back area accompanied varios kind of the referred pains such as radiculopathy, HIVD and Frozen shoulder. 5. MPS occured more frequently on the right side than left side then left side and it seemed to be due to the frequent use of the right hand. 6. There was almost no difference in the measurement of the intensity of the pain right before and after the EAP treatment. Howerver, there was significant decrease in the numerical values of the VAS, and a little bit of decrease in the numerical values of the PRI after the EAP treatment. 7. Based on the results of this present research, it can be concluded that EAP can be used for the treating the myofascial pain syndrome with promptness and safety in most cases.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2001

Microscopic Polyangiitis(MPA) belongs to a spectrum of systemic vasculits, and particularly antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies(ANCA)-associated small-vessel vasculitis which is characterized by involvement of the lung and kidney. The diagnosis of MPA is often difficult to make, and delayed because of the variability of the clinical presentation. Renal biopsies have a very important diagnostic and prognostic value in MPA. We experienced a case of microscopic polyangiits which was confirmed by renal biopsy and positive serum perinuclear ANCA, associated with alveolar hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding. We began methylprednisolone pulse therapy, combined with a low dose of cyclophosphamide and plasmapheresis therapy. ACE inhibitor and Ca channel blocker were used when proteinuria and hypertention developed. On admission, the patient's lab findings showed BUN l17 mg/dL, Cr 2.3 mg/dL, while on the 60th hospital day BUN/Cr values fell to 20.8 mg/dL / 1.6 mg/dL and though proteinuria persisted, the patient's condition was tolerable and is currently under observation on an out-patient basis. The last lab values were BUN 26 mg/dL / Cr 1.6 mg/dL. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ; 5 : 213-18)

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.303-317
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• 2020

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is an innovative treatment in chronic musculoskeletal pain management and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we surveyed the acoustic shock wave outputs from the domestically used focal type ESWT devices. The survey data were collected through 30 technical documents registered to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Rep. Korea. The results show that the focusing geometry varies largely, 5 mm to 65 mm in the focal length, 3 mm to 30 mm in focal width, and 4 mm to 108 mm in focal depth. The maximum positive pressure (P+) ranges from 7 MPa to 280 MPa, the focal Energy Flux Density (EFD) from 0.0035 mJ/㎟ to 35 mJ/㎟, and the energy per pulse (E) from 0.737 mJ to 80.86 mJ. All domestic PE-type (five) and one EM-type domestic devices included in the analysis of the correlation between P+ and EFD are shown to be far beyond the usual ranges and do not comply with expected correlation so that the reliability of their data was suspected. For the suspected, post-performance tests are required by a recognized testing agency. MFDS guidelines need to be revised so that the pass criteria for the shock wave acoustic outputs can be based on the clinical tests for indications.