• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2013

Although low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been a valuable therapeutic technology in the clinic, its efficacy may be reduced in deep tissue layers due to strong light scattering which limits the photon density. In order to enhance the photon density in deep tissue layers, this study developed an optical tissue clearing (OTC) laser probe (OTCLP) system which can utilize four different OTC methods: 1) tissue temperature control from 40 to $10^{\circ}C$; 2) laser pulse frequency from 5 to 30 Hz; 3) glycerol injection at a local region; and 4) a combination of the aforementioned three methods. The efficacy of the OTC methods was evaluated and compared by investigating laser beam profiles in ex-vivo porcine skin samples. Results demonstrated that total (peak) intensity at full width at half maximum of laser beam profile when compared to control data was increased: 1) 1.21(1.39)-fold at $10^{\circ}C$; 2) 1.22 (1.49)-fold at a laser pulse frequency of 5 Hz; 3) 1.64 (2.41)-fold with 95% glycerol injection; 4) 1.86 (3.4)-fold with the combination method. In conclusion, the OTCLP system successfully improved the laser photon density in deep tissue layers and may be utilized as a useful tool in LLLT by increasing laser photon density.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2005

Purpose : To determine the histological findings and treatment outcome in cases of child hood nephrotic syndrome which required renal biopsy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, laboratory, pathologic findings and therapeutic outcomes of 159 nephrotic children who received a renal biopsy at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyunghee Medical University Hospital, Seoul from 1984 to 2004 over a period of 21 years. The renal biopsy was performed in nephrotic children who showed atypical features at presentation, or needed cytotoxic therapy because of frequent-relapsing, steroid-dependent, or steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS). Results : Minimal change disease(MCD) was found in 52.1$\%$ of the patients, followed by diffuse mesangial proliferation(33.1$\%$), focal segmental gomerulosclerosis(5.3$\%$), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(2.4$\%$), membranous nephropathy(2.4$\%$), and IgA nephropathy(1.8$\%$). In MCD children, 14.8$\%$ had hematuria, 22.7$\%$ had hypertension, 5.7$\%$ showed decreased renal function, and no patient was found to have an abnormal complement level. Among patients diagnosed with diseases other than MCD, 43.2$\%$ had hematuria, 21.0$\%$ was found to be hypertensive, 7.4$\%$ of children showed decreased renal function and only 3(3.7$\%$) had decreased complement level; the rates of hematuria and SRNS were found to be significantly higher than MCD patients. Among 37 SRNS patients, 30(81.0$\%$) showed a final remission state with long-term steroid therapy, including methylprednisolone pulse therapy, over 4 months, with or without cytotoxic therapy. Conclusion : Almost half of the cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome requiring renal biopsy were not diagnosed with MCD. Among atypical features, hematuria and steroid-resistance would be the most probable indicators for a diagnosis other than MCD. Even in patients with SRNS, long-term methylprednisolone pulse therapy may result in a good remission rate. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:149-158)

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.989-995
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate variation of cardiopulmonary function by use of building stairs, a questionnair survey and measurement was carried out for 50 students of department of physical therapy Andong Junior College from 20th September to 3rd October, 1995. The result were as follows: The average systolic blood pressure(SBP) of stability for 50 college students who were measured was 121.3 mmHg, the average diastolic blood pressure(DBP) of stability was 78.5 mmHg, the average pulse frequency of stability was 71.8(frequency/min), the average breathing frequency of stability was 20.4(frequency/min), and the body temperature of stability was $36.8^{\circ}C$. SBP among the second, third, and fourth floors was 129.0 mmHg, 127.0 mmHg, and, 132.0 mmHg (p=0.1919), DBP was 80.1 mmHg, 76.5 mmHg, and, 82.0 mmHg (p=0.4229), the pulse frequency was 74.0, 73.1, and 74.0(frequency/min). The breathing frequency among the second, third, and fourth floors was statistically gradually increased according to 21.4, 23.1 and 24.6(frequency/min)(p=0.0071). The body temperature among the second, third, and fourth floors was statistically less and less decreased according to $36.8^{\circ}C,\;36.6^{\circ}C$ and $36.5^{\circ}C$(p=0.0040). It was revealed by this study, the breathing frequency among the second, third, and fourth floors was statistically significant increased, the body temperature was statistically significant decreased.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.3 s.63
• /
• pp.80-97
• /
• 2005

Backgrounds : In recent years there has teen renewed interest in the importance of 8-constitution medicine as evidenced by growth of research in this field. Although diagnosis by 8-constitution depends on pulse types, it still is subjective and thus could be insignificant. Therefore, diagnosis based on objective characteristics is essential. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find objective characteristics of the 4-constitution groups {木(Mok; hepatonia, cholecystonia), {土(To; pancreotonia, gastrotonia), {金(Gum; pulmotonia, colonotonia), {水(Soo; renotonia, vesicotonia)} in 8-constitution for further diagnosis and therapy. Also, some significant clinical tendencies of 4-constitution groups were studied. Methods : From Nov. 2001 to Apr. 2004, data were collected through a questionnaire given to 720 patients who were classified into one of 8 constitutions according to their pulse types and their responses to constitution-based acupuncture therapy. The questionnaire was composed of 80 items which were about personality, physical shape, habit, physiological and pathological symptoms, response to drugs, favorites and responses to various foods. The data were statistically analyzed by cross-tabulation and one-way analysis of variance, and SPSS V10.0.7PC was used. Results : The results are summarized as follows: 1) Among participants, proportions of hepatotonia, pancreotonia, and cholecystotonia were higher than those of vesicotonia, pulmotonia, colonotonia, renotonia, grstrotonia. 2) 52 items of 80 variances showed significant differences by gender, 3) 13 items were highly correlated with 4-constitution groups in males, and 26 items in fremales. 4) 22 items showed significant group differences among 4-constitution groups in males, and 41 items in females. Also, for each item 4-constitution groups were sorted according to their means, so that the constitutional tendencies were objectively figured out by personality, shape, habit, physiological and pathological symptoms, response to drugs, favorites and responses to foods. Conclusions : Most clinical characteristics of 4-constitution groups found in this study coincided with those from the previous ones in this fold. Thus, classifying patients into one of the 4-constitution groups based on significant objective characteristics is of great benefit to diagnosis and therapy. further study should be followed to improve proper therapy for each constitution.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this convergence study was to identify the effects of favorite music therapy on anxiety, fatigue, and vital signs of patients undergoing prostatectomy with spinal anesthesia. This study used a nonequivalent control group design. A sample of 45 patients was included. The experimental group was given music therapy during operation. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire and monitoring at 30 min before operation, at 20 min and 40min undergoing operation, and at arrival recovery room after operation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. The experimental group reported significantly lower anxiety and lower fatigue than the control group(p=.001; p=.020). However there were no significant differences in the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate between groups(p=.821; p=.473; p=.782). This findings indicate that the tailored favorite music therapy can be an effective nursing intervention for patient undergoing prostatectomy with spinal anesthesia to reduce anxiety and fatigue related to operation.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.48-70
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy on acute, subacute and chronic pain and depression of musculoskeletal trauma patients. The study was designed using nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design within the framework of an adaptation model. The subjects were composed of forty patients, and twenty of them were assigned to the experimental group and twenty to the control group within the unit of patients. Data were summarized as follows : 1. There were significant changes of pain scores in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 2. There were significant changes of pulse rates, respiration rates and systolic blood pressure, but were no significant changes of diastolic blood pressure in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 3. There were no significant changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 4. There were no significant changes of depression scores in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. As a result, music therapy was a useful nursing intervention for relief of acute, subacute and chronic pain. Two suggestions could be made on the ground of the results of this study. 1. On the basis of endogenous pain control theory, it's necessary to research the changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin as the effect of the music therapy on patients having severe pain. 2. It's necessary to research the changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin according to the lapse of time after the music therapy for pain relief.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.1189-1199
• /
• 2015

This study examined the effects of favorite music therapy on the anxiety and vital signs at each point in gynecologic surgery using the general anesthesia. The research design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. The data were collected from May 1 to July 30, 2013 and the participants were 44 patients (experimental group, 21, control group, 23) received music therapy while waiting for anesthetic induction and PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit). Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to analyze the data by SPSS 18.0. Music therapy reduced the anxiety level at inducing the anesthetic time, and awakening time (p=.003; p=.011). The systolic blood pressure maintained stability at discharge from the PACU (p=.023), and pulse rate was stable at the awakening time (p=.016). This findings support the use of music as a nursing intervention to reduce anxiety and maintain the vital signs for gynecologic surgery patients under general anesthesia.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the ring lock type knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) with newly developed 4-bar linkage KAFO on the gait characteristics of persons with poliomyelitis clinically. This 4-bar linkage is the stance control type KAFO which provide the stability during stance phase and knee flexion during swing phase. Two subjects participated in this study voluntarily. We provided the customized 4-bar linkage KAFO then asked the subjects to walk in level surface and stairs under the two different KAFO conditions. The characteristics of gait in the persons with poliomyelitis were evaluated using a 3D motion analysis system and force plate. Additionally 6 minute walk test for physiological cost index were conducted using pulse oximeter to measure the energy consumption. In the results of this study, the differences of 4-bar linkage KAFO compared with ring lock type KAFO are as follows: (1) Walking speed, stride length, and step length on level increased in subjects, (2) The gait symmetry was improved by generated knee flexion and decreased pelvic external rotation on level and stairs walking, (3) Decreased vertical excursion of center of mass and pelvic elevation during swing phase was decreased on level, (4) Knee extension moment, hip flexion moment, hip and knee internal rotation moment of non-braced limb were decreased on level walking, (5) Walking speed in 6-minute walk test was increased and physiological cost index was decreased. These findings indicate that 4-bar linkage KAFO compared with ring lock type KAFO is effective in enhancing pattern, endurance, and energy consumption in level surface and stairs walking.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.123-137
• /
• 2015

Objectives The aim of this clinical study was to find out the changes of vital sign, body composition, skin status before and after combined spa-exercise therapy in participants of middle-aged women. Methods In this study 24 participants of middle-aged women went through 12 weeks of combined spa-exercise therapy. Each week vital sign, body composition, skin status were measured before exercise, which consisted of warming-up, whole body exercise and final exercises bathing in spa ($32{\sim}36^{\circ}C$). Results 1. The average of systolic blood pressure significantly decreased from $126.38{\pm}19.33mmHg$ to $120.46{\pm}11.18mmHg$ after 11 weeks of spa-exercise therapy (p<0.05). 2. The average of moisture of skin significantly increased from $36.83{\pm}3.18$ to $44.21{\pm}7.43$ after 11 weeks of spa-exercise therapy (p<0.05). 3. The average of elasticity of skin significantly increased from $59.75{\pm}3.50$ to $62.63{\pm}2.29$ after 11 weeks of spa-exercise therapy (p<0.05). 4. The average of diastolic blood pressure, pulse, et cetera. didn't significantly change after spa-exercise therapy. Conclusions The results showed that 12 weeks of spa-exercise therapy had significant effect on reducing systolic blood pressure, increasing moisture, elasticity of skin in participants of middle-aged women, which means spa-exercise therapy may be used as a treatment on high blood pressure and cutaneous diseases. Further studies are anticipated to find out other various effects of spa-exercise therapy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.469-478
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural change of root surface and the occlusion of dentinal tubule following $CO_2$ laser treatment. Seven extracted healthy human premolar werw curetted, sectioned, and four specimens were randomly assigned to each of 6 different treatment groups : 1) untreated EDTA etched control: 2) root plande only: 3) $CO_2$ laser treated with 2W mode 6(10msec/pulse, 20pps) for 1 minute: 4) $CO_2$ laser treated with 2W mode 6(lOmsec/pulse, 20pps) for 2 minutes: 5) $CO_2$ laser treated with 2W mode 7(20msec/pulse, 20pps) for 1 minute: 6) $CO_2$ laser treated with 2W mode 7(20msec/pulse, 20pps) for 2 minutes. Following the prescribed treatment, the specimens were prepared for SEM evaluation. Results showed that $CO_2$ laser may be effective to occlude dentinal tubules tor dentin sensitivity treatment. The effect of dentinal tubule occlusion was enhanced with increasing the total energy level lased to specimen regardless of lasing mode. The structural changes of root surfaces were restricted to superficies, and these changes included fissuring, charring, crater formation over the smooth lava like texture. The charring and crater formation implying root damage was observed in the case of the longer duration of a pulse. The results of the present study suggests that the pulsed $CO_2$ laser with shorter pulse duration and longer exposure time can be used effectively in order to obtain the optimal dentinal tubule occlusion with minimal root damage.