• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.286-293
• /
• 2013

목적 : 본 연구는 20대 건강한 성인을 대상으로 반전 시간 (inversion time, TI)의 차이에 의한 뇌 영상을 획득하여 체적을 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 20대 건강한 성인을 대상으로 MPRAGE (magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo) pulse sequence, 절편두께 1.5 mm, 4개의 반전 시간 (800 ms, 900 ms, 1000 ms, 1100 ms)을 이용해 뇌 영상을 획득하였다. 획득된 뇌 영상을 이용해 백질 (white matter, WM), 회백질(gray matter, GM), 그리고 전체 뇌 체적(intracranial volume, ICV)을 측정하고 각 TI 별로 뇌 체적 및 성별에 따른 통계적인 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 결과 : Freesurfer로 산출된 뇌 체적은 평균 ICV=$1278.94{\pm}154.92cm^3$를 이용하여 정규화 하였고, 평균 WM=$486.52{\pm}48.64cm^3$, 평균 GM=$646.83{\pm}57.12cm^3$ 이었다. 남자의 뇌 체적 (WM, GM, ICV)은 여자보다 컸다. 측정간 신뢰도 테스트에서 급내 상관 계수는 모두 높은 수치를 나타내었다 (WM 0.992, GM 0.988, ICV 0.997). 반복측정 분산분석에서는 GM과 ICV는 각 TI에서 유의수준 내에서의 차이가 없었지만 (GM p=0.143, ICV p=0.052) WM는 유의수준 내에서의 차이가 있었다 (p=0.001). 선형 구조 관계 분석에서는 피어슨 상관 계수가 모두 높은 수치를 보였다. 결론 : WM, GM, ICV는 높은 신뢰도와 선형 구조 관계를 나타내었고 WM는 각 TI에서 유의수준 내에서의 차이를 보였다. 20대 건강한 성인의 뇌 체적의 자료는 환자들과의 비교에 참고자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이며, 뇌의 구조적인 변화를 예측하는데 도움을 줄 것이다. TI의 변화에 따라 대조도, 잡음비 그리고 병변의 검출 능력을 조사하는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.716-725
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 FWM(Four Wave Mixing)에 의한 채널 간 간섭이 존재하는 장거리 WDM 전송 시스템에서의 최적 펌프 전력 조건을 만족하는 전력 대칭 MSSI(Mid-Span Spectral Inversion) 보상법의 적용 가능성과 성능개선 정도를 시뮬레이션과 분석적 방법을 통해 검토해 보았다. 먼저 최적 펌프 전력 조건의 MSSI를 채택한 전송 시스템에 입력 광 펄스의 전력과 주파수 첩 파라미터의 변동에 따른 수신단에서의 EOP(Eye Opening Penalty) 평가를 통해 양호한 수신 성능을 유지할 수 있는 최대 송신 전력의 범위를 알아보았고, WDM 수신단에서 FWM에 의한 누화의 영향을 20 dB SNR 이상으로 할 수 있는 채널당 최대 입력 전력의 크기를 채널 간격에 따라 계산해 보았다. 광 송신단에서 변조된 광 펄스가 정도의 차이 없이 down-chirp되어 있는 WDM 전송 링크에 제안된 MSSI 보상을 적용하면 10 Gbps 전송의 경우 양호한 수신 특성을 유지시킬 수 있는 채널 당 최대 입력 전력을 5.3 dBm으로, 채널 간격을 0.4 nm로 하여 최대 68개의 채널 전송이 가능하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉 제안한 최적 펌프 전력 조건 하에서의 전력 대칭 MSSI 보상법이 WDM 시스템의 장거리 초광대역 조건을 만족시킬 적합한 새로운 링크 전송 기술임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권11호
• /
• pp.5123-5127
• /
• 2011

증가 추세인 지중 전력설비의 사고 예방과 유지 보수를 위한 기술 연구 개발 요구가 증가하고 있다. 지중선로의 경우 누전 불량의 점유율이 높고 보수도 어려워 정확한 누전점 위치의 탐지가 중요하다. 교류 송신파를 누전점을 가지는 지중선로에 인가하여 발생시킨 교류 대지전위를 측정하여 누전점의 위치를 찾는 방법은 송신파 특정 극성반주기에 교류 대지전위를 동기화하여 비교 판단하여야 한다. 송신파의 특정 극성의 반주기와 동기화하는 기존 방법을 설명하고, 송신파 반주기 변조된 대지 전위 측정 방식을 제안하고 소개하였다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 방식이 구현 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.172-180
• /
• 2012

Z-source inverters (ZSI) are used to realize both DC voltage boost and DC-AC inversion in single stage with a reduced number of power switching devices. A traditional MPPT control algorithm provides a shoot-through interval which should be inserted in the switching waveforms of the inverter to output the maximum power to the Z-network. At this instant, the voltage across the Z-source capacitor is equal to the output voltage of a PV array at the maximum power point (MPP). The control of the Z-source capacitor voltage beyond the MPP voltage of a PV array is not facilitated in traditional MPPT algorithms. This paper presents a unified MPPT control algorithm to simultaneously achieve MPPT as well as Z-source capacitor voltage control. Development and implementation of the proposed algorithm and a comparison with traditional results are discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed unified MPPT control strategy is implemented in Matlab/Simulink software and verified by experimental results.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2013년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.105-106
• /
• 2013

This paper proposes a new topology with active switched-capacitor and switched-inductor impedance network, which can obtain a high boost factor with small shoot-through time. The proposed topology uses an active switched capacitor and switched-inductor impedance network in order to couple the main circuit and input dc source for boosting the output voltage. The proposed topology contains all advantages of the classical Z-source inverter. Comparing with other topologies, the proposed topology uses lesser component and the voltage boost inversion ability significantly increases. The theoretical analysis, pulse width modulation control strategies, and a comparison with classical ZSI have been given in this paper. Both simulation and experimental results will be presented to verify the advantages of the proposed topology.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 1993

Gel electrophoresis has proven to be one of the most useful of DNA separation and purification. The new technique of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is high resolution separation of large size DNA moleculs. Conventional continuous gel electrophresis can not be separation of large DNA fragments(20~50 k base). Field inversion gel electrophoresis(FIGE) is very useful for large DNA molecules. We have found that a pulse ratio ; 2 : 1, time ; 24hrs., volts ; $10^{volts}/_{cm}$, start ; 0.45sec, end ; 1sec, is most effectively resolves DNA fragment in the 6~50k base.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.453-456
• /
• 1999

The Si-SiO$_2$interface trap and nitride bulk trap distribution of SONOSFET(polysilicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor)NVSM(nonvolatile semiconductor memory) cell were investigated by single charge pumping method. The used device was fabricated by 0.35 7m standard logic fabrication including the ONO cell process. This ONO dielectric thickness is tunnel oxide 24 $\AA$, nitride 74 $\AA$, blocking oxide 25 $\AA$, respectively. Keeping the pulse base level in accumulation and pulsing the surface into inversion with increasing amplitudes, the charge pumping current flow from the single junction. Using the obtained I$_{cp}$-V$_{h}$ curve, the local V$_{t}$ distribution, doping concentration, lateral interface trap distribution and lateral memory trap distribution were extracted. The maximum N$_{it}$($\chi$) of 1.62$\times$10$^{19}$ /cm$^2$were determined.mined.d.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.143-156
• /
• 2020

Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) installed an ionospheric sounding radar system called Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR) at Jang Bogo Station (JBS) in 2015 in order to routinely monitor the state of the ionosphere in the auroral oval and polar cap regions. Since 2017, after two-year test operation, it has been continuously operated to produce various ionospheric parameters. In this article, we will introduce the characteristics of the JBS-VIPIR observations and possible applications of the data for the study on the polar ionosphere. The JBS-VIPIR utilizes a log periodic transmit antenna that transmits 0.5-25 MHz radio waves, and a receiving array of 8 dipole antennas. It is operated in the Dynasonde B-mode pulse scheme and utilizes the 3-D inversion program, called NeXtYZ, for the data acquisition and processing, instead of the conventional 1-D inversion procedure as used in the most of digisonde observations. The JBS-VIPIR outputs include the height profiles of the electron density, ionospheric tilts, and ion drifts with a 2-minute temporal resolution in the bottomside ionosphere. With these observations, possible research applications will be briefly described in combination with other observations for the aurora, the neutral atmosphere and the magnetosphere simultaneously conducted at JBS.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.153-157
• /
• 2012

This study evaluated the ability of Diffusion-Weight Image (DWI), which is one of pulse sequences used in MRI based on the T2 weighted images, to detect samples placed within phantoms according to their size. Two identically sized phantoms, which could be inserted into the breast coil bilaterally, were prepared. Five samples with different sizes were placed in the phantoms, and the T2 weighted images and DWI were obtained. The Breast 2 channel coil of SIEMENS MAGNETOM Avanto 1.5 Tesla equipment was used for the experiments. 2D T2 weighted images were obtained using the following parameters: TR/TE = 6700/74 msec, Thickness/gap = 5/1 mm, Inversion Time (TI) = 130 ms, and matrix = $224{\times}448$. The parameters of DWI were that TR/TE = 8100/90 msec, Thickness/gap = 5/1 mm, matrix = $128{\times}128$, Inversion Time = 185 ms, and b-value = 0, 100, 300, 600, 1000 s/mm. The ratio of the sample volume on DWI compared to the T2 weighted images, which show excellent ability to detect lesions on MR images, was presented as the mean b-value. The measured b-value of the samples was obtained: 0.5${\times}$0.5 cm=0.33/0.34 square ${\times}$ cm (103%), 1${\times}$1 cm=1.28/1.25 square ${\times}$ cm (102.4%), 1.5${\times}$1.5 cm = 2.28/2.67 square ${\times}$ cm (85.39%), 2${\times}$2 cm=3.56/4.08 square ${\times}$ cm (87.25%), and 2.5${\times}$2.5 cm=7.53/8.77 square ${\times}$ cm (85.86%). In conclusion, the detection ability by the size of a sample was measured to be over 85% compared to T2 weighted image, but the detection ability of DWI was relatively lower than that of T2 weighted image.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제30권9호
• /
• pp.1120-1126
• /
• 2001

Objective : The development of magnetic resonance neurography(MRN) has made it possible to produce highresolution images of peripheral nerves themselves, as well as associated intraneural and extraneural lesions. We evaluated the clinical application and utility of high-resolution MRN techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of peripheral nerve disorder(PND)s. Material and Method : MRN images were obtained using T1-weighted spin echo, T2-weighted fast spin echo with fat suppression, and short tau inversion recovery(STIR) fast spin-echo pulse sequences. Fifteen patients were studied, three with brachial plexus tumors, five with chronic entrapment syndromes, and seven with traumatic peripheral lesions. Ten patients underwent surgery. Results : In MRN with STIR sequences of axial and coronal imagings, signals of the peripheral nerves with various lesions were detected as fairly bright signals and were discerned from signals of the uninvolved nerves. Increased signal with proximal swelling and distal flattening of the median nerve were seen in all patients of carpal tunnel syndrome. Among the eight patients with brachial plexus injury or tumors, T2-weighted MRN showed increased signal intensity in involved roots in five, enhanced mass lesions in three, and traumatic pseudomeningocele in three. Other associated MRI findings were adjacent bony signal change, neuroma, root adhesion and denervated muscle atophy with signal change. Conclusion : MRN with high-resolution imaging can be useful in the preoperative evaluation and surgical planning in patients with peripheral nerve lesions.