• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.128-157
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• 2003

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1555-1562
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• 2016

Concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in ambient air have been measured from January 2014 to June 2016 in a coastal area near the Ulsan National Industrial Complex. The measurement sites were 1 km, 2.6 km, 5.6 km, and 20 km away from a kraft pulp mill, which is located at the most southern edge of the complex. Concentrations above 0.4 ppb were monitored every 5 min and the highest concentration of the day was determined. From a total of 775 measurement days, hydrogen sulfide concentrations > 20 ppb were recorded on 36 and 38 days at the measurement site closest to the mill and the residential area 2.6 km away from the mill, respectively. At the site farthest from the mill, the concentrations were always 20 ppb lower than the malodor regulation for the residential area but sometimes higher than the odor recognition threshold for hydrogen sulfide. Although several emission sources of hydrogen sulfide have been published in the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register of Korea, the kraft pulp mill is considered to be the biggest contributor of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide in the southern coastal area of Ulsan.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.455-460
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the distributions of the positive cells in rat spleens by two monoclonal antibodies of MT1 and MB2. The spleens of immature 10 rats (Sprague Duwely, approximately 200gm) were collected and paraffin-embedded sections of spleens were stained with immunohistochemical methods. Higher proportions of MT1-positive cell number in spleens were ordered as marginal zone(8.5~18.1%), red pulp(2.1~8.8%) and periarterial lymphoid sheath(0~1.6%) in white pulp, and those of MB2-positive cell number are ordered as the central area of the periarterial lymphoid sheath(100%), red pulp(29.1~45.0%), marginal zone(15.2~30.4%), and peripheral area of periarterial lymphoid sheath(2.3~3.5%). The positive cells by MB2 are more numerous in number than by MT1. The above results were concluded that the positive cells by above two monoclonal antibodies were scattered throughout the red pulp and marginal zone, but in the central area of the periarterial lymphoid sheath, the MB2-positive cells only were present.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the fiber properties and mixing ratio of softwood and hardwood pulp affect on roundness of printed image. Softwood pulp and hardwood pulp were refined to 400 and 600ml CSF by Valley beater and handsheets of 70 g/$m^2$ basis weight were made at different mixing ratios of hardwood and softwood pulp. The roundness, dot area, and shape of the printed dot were measured by Image Analyzer. The depths and shapes of the acridine orange penetration into paper were measured by CLSM. With higher mixing ratio of hardwood pulp, the paper showed higher air-permeability and better formation, especially at lower freeness. The roundness of the printed image became better and the dot size became smaller when the amount of hardwood pulp increased. Penetration depth of acridine orange by CLSM became greater and roundness increased to real circle when the amount of hardwood pulp increased. It was thought that higher mixing ratio of hardwood fibers resulted in efficient penetration by better formation with uniform micro-pore distribution and it increased roundness. It was thought that fiber properties and mixing ratio affected the structure of paper and the shape of the printed dot. This study showed that the measurement of depth of the liquid penetration into paper without destruction and contact was feasible. Moreover, this method showed that the shape of the liquid penetration was measurable.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the effect of the number of passes through agrinder on the pore characteristics of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) mat. The beaten pulp suspension was used to make NFC suspension using a grinder. To evaluate the pore characteristics of a NFC mat, the surface morphology of the dried NFC mat was observed with FE-SEM and the specific surface area was analyzed with BET nitrogen gas adsorption. The structure of NFC mat was changed with the different number of passes and drying methods. The specific surface area of NFC mat increased with the increase in the number of passes. The 20-passed NFC mat had 20 times larger specific surface area ($141m^2/g$) compared to the 0-passed NFC mat. The specific surface area was strongly correlated with the average pore size in NFC mat. The average pore diameter in NFC mat was calculated from the gas sorption isotherms using BJH model. The value was 13 - 15 nm, indicating that the NFC mat had mesoporous structure.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.587-592
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• 2007

Purpose: In case of postburn flexion contracture of the fingers, skin graft, geometrical relaxation techniques, local flap, and free flap have been used. Among these procedures, full-thickness skin grafts from the inguinal area are widely used to reconstruct a postburn flexion contracture in the fingers. But there are many esthetic and functional problems in this procedure. Especially, hyperpigmentation of the skin-grafted fingers poses a troublesome problem, particularly in the patients who have dark colored skin. To solve the problem, we have used pulp graft which was harvested from the lateral aspect of great toe. In the present study, we report pulp graft, with which we have obtained a good result in the treatment of postburn flexion contracture of the fingers. Methods: Between September of 2004 and August of 2006, great toe pulp graft was performed to 20 sites of 15 patients. After release of the postburn flexion contracture using Z-plasty, the composite tissue (pulp) harvested from the lateral aspect of great toe was grafted on the raw surface. Moisture dressing with ointment and foam dressing material was performed. Stratum corneum of the graft got stripped off in two to four weeks after pulp graft. The color of the pulp graft was slightly reddish, then it became similar to the adjacent tissue. Results: There was complete take in all the patients who were treated with pulp graft. Great toe pulp graft provided similar color and texture to the adjacent skin, high rate of graft take, and left only a minimal scar at donor site. Conclusion: Thick keratin layer and inelastic nature of the pulp make this type of the graft much easier and simpler, and ensure a better take. Pulp graft is useful method for the reconstruction of the postburn flexion contracture in fingers.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 1999

A new test method has been developed for a quantitative evaluation of macro-stickies in recycled pulps. The method uses a fine slot screen to separate a sticky particles form fiber in the pulp samples. The obtained sticky particles were spread on filter paper and covered with silicon carbide powder in order to make the stickies area with sufficient contrast between stickies and background. The stickies are then counted by a scanner-based image analysis system. The validity of this evaluation method of stickies of KOCC, ONP and white ledger wastepaper recycling plants respectively. It is shown that this method can be applied for a quantitative determination of stickies content in various recycled pulp samples. With this testing method, reproducible and reliable data were obtained for the actual mill pulp samples.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2001

This study confirmed different results according to the molecular weight and pore properties of treated pulp. In this study the pre-treated enzyme material was increasing the beating speed compared with non-treated one. And it was observed that the change of freeness according to the combination ratio depended upon the pores size of pulp and that fibers became flexible owing to the physical deformation of fibers themselves through pre-treated enzyme increasing the flexibility of fibers to increase the contact area of fiber and thus resulting in the increase of specific surface area, the increase of fiber bonding strength and the increase of beating speed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.265-282
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• 1988

The pulp response of posterior composite resins in relation to the thickness of remaining dentin was studied with 120 teeth from 6 dogs, Class V. cavities were prepared on the cervical area of facial surfaces. The thickness of remaining dentin was controlled with Caries Meter$^{(R)}$. The cavities of group A were prepared to show the electrical impedance of 22-26$K{\Omega}$(thickness of remaining dentin:0.4-0.5mm). The cavities of group B, 50-55$K{\Omega}$(thickness of remaining dentin: 0.8-0.9mm). Zinc - Oxide Eugenol cement, Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior, Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque, P-30$^{(R)}$ and Scotchbond$^{(R)}$+P-30$^{(R)}$ were filled in each cavity. After 3days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 9 weeks and 13 weeks, the teeth and pulp tissue were processed routinely and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Pathological tissue changes were observed with light microscope. The following results were obtained. I. The pulp response of group A cavties was severer than that of group B cavities. 2. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Cement, only vascular changes were observed after 3 days and 1 week, severe acute inflammation after 4 weeks, moderate acute inflammation after 9 weeks, and chronic inflammation and formation of granulation tissue after 13 weeks. 3. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior, only vascular changes were observed after 3 days and 1 week. But the inflammatory response has became much severer with the elapsed experimental period. 4. In the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque, the inflammatory response with the elapsed experimental period was not severer than that of the pulp of group A cavities which were filled with other materials. 5. In the group B cavities, the difference of pulp response by filling materials was not recognizable. In the group A cavities, the pulp response of Estilux$^{(R)}$ posterior was severest and in order P-30$^{(R)}$, Heliomolar$^{(R)}$ radiopaque was slighter.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1990

The incidence and several characteristic features of fused and geminated teeth were studied radiographically, with full mouth periapical radiogram and pantomogram, in 4201 patients of mixed dentition and 5358 patients of permanent dentition. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The prevalence was revealed to 2.86%, 0.32%, 0.33%, and 0.06% in deciduous fused tooth, permanent fused tooth, deciduous geminated tooth and permanent geminated tooth respectively, and these anomalies were occured in female more than male. 2. Fused teeth were observed predominantly in lower anterior teeth area, especially in lateral incisor and canine region, and many cases of deciduous geminated tooth were observed in upper central incisor region. 3. Congenital missing rates of succedaneous tooth in deciduous fused teeth were 57.1 %, 85.7%, 71.0%, 69.0% in upper right and left central-lateral incisor regions, lower right and left lateral incisor-canine regions, respectively. 4. Prevalence of dental caries was 42.3%, 18.8% and 5.6% in deciduous fused, deciduous geminated and permanent fused tooth, respectively. 5. In classifying of fused and geminated teeth into 9 types, by following appearance such as number of crown, root, pulp chamber and pulp canal of those teeth, it was more favorable that Type Ⅰ(2 crown, 2 root, 2 pulp chamber, 2 pulp canal) in deciduous fused tooth and Type Ⅸ (I crown, 1 root, 1 pulp chamber, 1 pulp canal) in permanent fused tooth, deciduous and permanent geminated tooth.