• 대한세포병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.24.1-24.1
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• 1993

• 대한세포병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.7-7
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• 1992

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.937-941
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• 2004

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, originating from the vascular endothelium, is a very rare and low-grade malignancy. World-wide, about 50 cases of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma have been reported. This is more common in female and is usually shown as multiple nodules in both lung fields. A 41-year-old male, who had suffered from right pleuritic chest pain for 3 months, was initially diagnosed as adenocarcinoma under bronchofiberscopic biopsy. At that time, the stage of tumor according to the TNM staging was llla. He received bronchoscopic biopsy again during follow-up period and it was diagnosed as hamartoma. After surgery, the final diagnosis was pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 1982

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is a congenital vascular malformation In the lung, various synonyms including Pulmonary cavernous vascular malformation, Pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysm, Cavernous hemangioma of the lung0 Pulmonary telangiectasia, Pulmonary hamartoma, etc. The pathogenesis of its symptoms is that unoxygenated, desaturated arterial blood enters into the pulmonary venous system directly. Recently we have experienced one case of the pulmonary arteriovenous fistula which was diagnosed as the pulmonary cystic lesion of the lung preoperatively in 20 years old, 61 kg, male patient. Operation was revealed well circumscribed cystic lesion filled with blood, subpleural and anterior mediobasal location, and bright red colored aspirates on two times needle aspirations. Microscopic finding shows ill circumscribed vascular lesion composed of varying sized blood vessels with irregular thickening of wall and final pathological diagnosis is Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula. Basal segmentectomy was done and the patient shows good postoperative course.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.644-649
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• 2002

Background : Pulmonary hamartomas are the most common form of benign tumors, occurring in approximately 0.2% of routine autopsies. However, only a few reports on the clinical characteristics of pulmonary hamartoma in Korea have been published. Materials and Methods : The charts, X-rays and pathological specimens of 29 pulmonary hamartoma patients who were diagnosed by a pathological examination from 1990 to 1999 at the Catholic Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Results : The peak incidence of the tumor occurred in the sixth decade of life (37.5%). Seventeen patients (58.6%) were asymptomatic and 12 patients (41.4%) had symptoms. Chest discomfort was the most common symptom (31.0%). A total of 25 tumors (86.2%) were parenchymal, and 4 (13.8%) were endobronchial. Twenty cases were in the right lung and 9 cases were in the left lung (approximately 1:2.2). The RLL was the most commonly involved lobe (31.0%). Calcification was noted in 5 cases(19.2%) on a plain X-ray and in 5 cases (29.4%) on chest CT. Accompanied neoplasms were observed in 2 cases. Twenty-four hamartomas (82.8%) were diagnosed by a surgical resection and 4 cases(13.8%) were diagnosed by a fine needle aspiration biopsy. Twenty-six hamartomas (89.7%) were managed by a surgical resection. The follow up ranged from 4 to 55 months (mean, 19.6 months) and no recurrent pulmonary hamartomas were noted. Conclusion : Pulmonary hamartoma is more common in females and more commonly in the right lung. Calcification was noted only in 19.2% on a plain chest X-ray and 29.4% on a chest CT. No recurrent hamartomas had developed during the follow up period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.564-568
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• 2007

Background: Pulmonary hamartomas are the most common form of pulmonary benign tumors, and they occur in approximately $2{\sim}5%$ of all pulmonary neoplasm. However, only a few reports have been published on the clinical characteristics of pulmonary hamartoma in Korea. Material and Method: The charts, X-rays and pathological specimens of 37 pulmonary hamartoma patients who were diagnosed by a pathological examination from January of 2000 to May of 2005 at the Catholic Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Result: The peak incidence of the tumor occurred in the seventh decade of life (32.4%), There were 23 men (62.6%) and 14 women (37.8%), with mean age of 55.6 years. Twenty-six patients (70.3%) were asymptomatic and 11 patients (29.7%) had symptoms. A total of 29 tumors (78.4%) were parenchymal, and 8 (21.6%) were endobronchial. Twenty cases (54.1%) were in the right lung and 17 cases (45.9%) were in the left lung. The right lower lobe was most commonly involved. Thirty-two (86.5%) hamartomas were diagnosed by surgical resection, 4 cases (10.8%) were diagnosed by bronchoscopic biopsy and 1 case (2.7%) was diagnosed by a fine needle aspiration biopsy. Thirty-four hamartomas (91.9%) were managed by surgical resection without complication. No recurrence or malignant changes were seen during the follow up period. Conclusion: Pulmonary hamartomas are most common in males during their fifth to seventh decade and they more commonly involve the right lung. No recurrence or malignant changes were seen during the follow up period.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

Endobronchial chondroma is a cartilaginous benign tumor, which arises from bronchial cartilage. As a rare benign tumor, endobronchial chondroma differs from cartilaginous hamartoma in that it includes cartilage components only, but hamartoma contains lipomatous and lymphoid tissue. The clinical manifestations of endobronchial chondroma are associated with the extent of mechanical obstruction of bronchus. Symptoms of endobronchial chondroma are nonspecific, such as cough, sputum, fever, or dyspnea on exertion. Endobronchial chondroma is often misdiagnosed as other diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or pulmonary tuberculosis. The treatment is usually surgical procedures, such as resection of lung segment or lobe by thoracostomy, or resection of tumor by bronchoscopy. We report a case of the patient who was diagnosed to have endobronchial chondroma treated by bronchial resection and end to end anastomosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.341-344
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• 1985

Carcinosarcoma is an unusual and rarest neoplasm in man, consisting of carcinomatous parenchyme and sarcomatous stroma. Two clinical types of carcinosarcoma were present. One type of tumor was centrally located [endobronchial type], infrequent metastasis, and better prognosis than parenchymal type. The other type was peripherally located [parenchymal type], frequent metastasis, and poor prognosis. The histogenesis of carcinosarcoma is many hypothesis, but controversial; 1] sarcomatous degeneration of stroma, 2] intermingling of simultaneously arising carcinoma & sarcoma, 3] multiple primary tumor, 4] blastomatous changes in hamartoma, 5] stromal reaction to squamous cell carcinoma, 6] true & collision carcinosarcoma. In this case, 52 year-old male patient was hospitalized due to intermittent hemoptysis & known pulmonary lesions. Since 1968, chest PA showed round haziness within cyst & multiple cyst on RUL & RLL. Radical pneumonectomy was performed and histopathology showed carcinosarcoma, surrounded by bronchial epithelium. The patient maintain general well-being without clinical evidence of recurrence till now.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2014

Although endobronchial hamartoma is a rare benign tumor, most patients with endobronchial hamartoma have respiratory symptoms such as obstructive pneumonia, hemoptysis, cough, or dyspnea due to bronchial obstruction. It can cause irreversible post-obstructive pulmonary destruction, thus early diagnosis and treatment is very important. Recently, there have been cases of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and electrocautery procedures for bronchoscopic treatment of malignant or benign central airway obstruction with comparable therapeutic efficacy and few complications. Bronchoscopic cryotherapy is a newly developed technique for management of central airway obstruction. Moreover, it provides diagnostic methods with improving diagnostic yield and safety. We report two cases of endobronchial hamartoma, each diagnosed and definitively treated with bronchoscopic techniques. Endobronchial biopsy and removal was successfully performed by cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy without notable complications. Follow-up bronchoscopic examinations excluded residual or recurrent disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.272-289
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• 1989

Benign lung tumors compose a heterogeneous group of solid growths that present variations in clinical features, depending on whether the origin is within the bronchus on lung parenchyma or from visceral pleura. Benign tumors of the lung are relatively uncommon, and series are to be found in the literature and the classification of benign tumors of the lung continues to be controversial because of disagreement concerning the origin and prognosis of many common lesions. We adopt Liebows original classification but excluded bronchial adenoma which no longer considered as benign tumor and added pulmonary A-V fistula and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. We analyzed 61 cases of benign tumors which were composed of 16 original Korean cases and 45 cases which were reported on journal of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery. The results were. [1] Incidence; Of 61 cases, chondromatous hamartoma was 2 cases [41 %], congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation 10 cases [16.4 %], pulmonary A-V fistula 5 cases [8.1 %], sclerosing hemangioma 4 cases [6.5 %], teratoma, plasma cell granuloma & mesothelioma were 3 cases [4.9%], Castlemans disease 2 cases [3.3%], and mucous gland adenoma, paraganglioma, and leiomyoma 1 case [1.6 %]. [2] Age & Sex distribution; Male 30 cases and female 31 cases. Mean age was 31.4 years old. [3] Main symptom; was coughing, 32.8%, and no symptom, 24.6%. [4] Sixty eight percentage of chest film showed mass density, and 4 cases showed calcification, 2 cases had lobulation. [5] Size of mass was large and multiple mass was 2 cases. Endobronchial tumors were 9 cases, 14.9 %. [6] Three cases of endobronchial tumor were preoperatively diagnosed by bronchoscopy and 2 cases of pulmonary A-V fistula were diagnosed by pulmonary arteriography. [7] Seven cases, 11.5%, had associating diseases such as bronchogenic cyst, thymic cyst, Schwannoma, situs inversus, bronchiectasis and bronchogenic carcinoma. [8] Minor resection such as excision 8i: wedge resection were 15 cases, 26.2 %, and 6 cases, 75.4 %, of lobectomy were performed including 5 cases of pneumonectomy 5 cases had. [9] Postoperative complications; One case, 1.6 %, expired due to respiratory insufficiency. Two cases had re-operation due to bleeding and hemoptysis.