• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.104-108
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• 2005

A broncholith is a calcified mediastinal lymph node, which partially or completely erodes into the bronchial lumen, and is related to the late tissue response to healing of granulomatous pulmonary infections, most commonly histoplasmosis or tuberculosis. However, there have been a few reports on broncholithiasis caused by Aspergillus. We experienced a case of broncholithiasis caused by Aspergillus, with broncho-obstructive pneumonia and massive hemoptysis. A 39 year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with right middle lobar pneumonia. On the fourth day following admission, massive hemoptysis developed, so an emergent bronchial artery embolization was performed. On the ninth day following admission, a broncholith on the lateral segmental bronchus of the right middle lobe was found by bronchoscopy, which was proved to be Aspergillus hypae with calcification on histological examination. After the simple bronchoscopic removal of the broncholith and empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient recovered without any complications.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.197-213
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• 1995

The present experiment was desinged to investigate the effects of Sopungtang water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurments of Mortality rate were observed for measuring the effect of Sopungtang water extract. Sopungtang water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effects of Sopungtang water extract were examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Sopungtang dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug increased the antithrombin activity in rat and the fibrinogen lyses time was reduced and lyses area was increased. 8. Sopungtang reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Sopungtang increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug presented the antithrombin acivity, inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 1995

Chronic sclerosing mediastinitis is a rare disease of unknown etiology, pathologically characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of mediastinal soft tissue. The process is often progressive and can occur either focally or diffusely throughout the mediastinum. This can result in compression of adjacent mediastinal structures, most commonly the low-pressure superior vena cava but also the pulmonary artery and vein, trachca and bronchi, esophagus and can result in a variety of functional and roentgenographic manifestation and occasionally death. We experienced a case of chronic sclerosing mediastinitis of unknown cause, which was confirmed by biopsy with thoracotomy, so reported it with a review of literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.856-860
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• 2004

Interrupted aortic arch with concomitant intracardiac defects is a rare congenital anomaly that has an unfavorable natural course. We report a successful staged operation of interrupted aortic arch with apical muscular ventricular septal defect associating esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula in a 3-day-old neonate weighing 2.6 kg. We repaired esophageal atresia through the right thoracotomy and subsequently performed extended end-to-end anastomosis of the aortic arch with pulmonary artery banding through the left thoracotomy at same operation. The apical muscular VSD was repaired 87 day after first operation. The patient required multiple additional interventions before closure of the apical muscular ventricular septal defect, such as pyloromyotomy for idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, anterior aortopexy for airway obstruction, and balloon aortoplasty for residual coarctation. She is now doing well.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2009

Objective: Cardiac dysfunction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with elevation of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnl) levels. Elevation of cTnl predicts cardiopulmonary and neurological complications, and poor outcome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical and radiologic records of 114 (male: 30, female: 84) patients who developed aneurysmal SAH between January 2006 and June 2007 and had no history of previous cardiac problems. We evaluated their electrocardiography and cTnl level, which had been measured at admission. A cTnl level above 0.5 $\mu$g/L was defined as an indicator of cardiac injury following SAH. We examined various clinical factors for their association with cTnl elevation and analyzed data using chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression test with SPSS version 12.0. The results were considered significant at p< 0.05. Results: The following parameters shows a correlation with cTnl elevation: higher Hunt-Hess (H-H) grade (p = 0.000), poor Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score (p = 0.000), profound pulmonary complication (p = 0.043), higher heart rate during initial three days following SAH (p = 0.029), ruptured aneurysm on communicating segment of internal carotid artery (p = 0.025), incidence of vasospasm (p = 0.421), and duration of hyperdynamic therapy for vasospasm (p = 0.292). A significant determinants for outcome were cTnl elevation (p = 0.046) and H-H grade (p = 0.000) in a multivariate study. Conclusion: A cTnl is a good indicator for cardiopulmonary and neurologic complications and outcome following SAH. Consideration of variable clinical factors that related with cTnl elevation may be useful tactics for treatment of SAH and concomitant complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 1989

The experimental study for extracorporeal preservation of the heart-lung preparation by autoperfusion system was performed in 10 dogs. Under intravenous Pentothal endotracheal anesthesia bilateral thoracotomies were performed. A 24F cannula connected to a plastic reservoir bag located 100 cm above the level of the heart was introduced into the aortic arch. Left subclavian, innominate artery, and descending aorta were ligated and divided. Both vena cavae were ligated and divided after the bag was half filled with blood. A 24F catheter inserted into right atrium and connected to the plastic bag in order to keep constant the preload. The thoracic trachea was intubated and the lungs were ventilated. The heart-lung preparations were removed en bloc and floated in a $34^{\circ}C$ bath of Hartmann solution. The preparations were observed for from 2 hours to 8 hours, with the average of 5.2 hours. Hemodynamic and hematologic variables were measured during preharvest and autoperfusion. The pH revealed severe respiratory alkalosis due to very low $PaCO_2$ during autoperfusion ; $PaO_2$ remained constant for 130-140 mmHg; $A-aDO_2$ increased markedly. The static inspiratory pressure [SIP] at late autoperfusion [6hr] increased significantly as compared with at early autoperfusion [2hr]. There was no difference between white blood cell counts from right atrium and those of left atrium. Heart rates remained constant for 110-120/min; cardiac outputs maintained to approximately 0.6L/min; mean aortic pressures, 75 mmHg; mean pulmonary arterial pressures, 15-18 mmHg; mean right atrial pressures, 9-13 mmHg; mean left atrial pressures, 12 mmHg lower than those of right atrium. Serum Na maintained with normal range during autoperfusion; K increased significantly; Ca decreased progressively. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased significantly during autoperfusion. The study demonstrated that stable hemodynamics could be maintained throughout the experiment and the preparation of the lung seemed to be inadequate, especially after 3-4 hours, such as high $A-aDO_2$, increased SIP, and scattered atelectasis and edema in their gross appearances.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 1971

Eighty-four cases of mitral commissurotomy were done in this department between October 1958 and September 1970. Therc wcre 54 males and 30 females. Six cases were under the age of 20 years. Prcoperativc embolization occurred in 9. 5% of the cases. consisting of 8. 3% cerebral and 1.2% peripheral embolization. Intraoperative and postoperative cmbolization occurred in 4.7% of the cases, with 1. 2% cerebral and 3.5% peripheral embolism. Two out of three postopeative embolism cases expired, one of which was caused by septic cerebral embolism due to valve vegetation nnd the other by mesenteric embolism. Atrial fibrillation was 1loted ill 43% of the case. Seventy closed mitral commissurotomy was done by left appendegeal approach with finger fracture method or Bailey's guillotine valvotome. Fourteen open mitral commissurotomy cases were done either by right side approach or median sternotomy, three of which were reoperation cases after blind mitral commissurotomy. One out of 14 cases were operated on with open mitral commissurotomy and concomitant open aortic valve bicuspidalization, This case expired due to severe serum hepatitis ten days after operation. Thirty-two per cent of valve calcification was noted during operation and one of which had marked vegetation on the valve cusps too. Operative mortality was 1.4% in blind mitral commissurotomy and 14% in open mitral commissurotomy. Over-all mortality in the entire series was 3.5%. One case among the blind commissurotomy cases expired during operation due to left inferior pulmonary vein laceration and death was caused in two open mitral commissurotomy cases by coronary artery airembolism. Three hospital death occurred in blind operation group, one due to coronary embolism, and two by hepatic failures. Three hospital death among open heart surgery cases were caused by hepatic failure in two and cerebral embolism in one cases. ln most of the survivors improved functional capacity and exercise lolerance were noted.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2004

The sprouting of vascular endothelial cells is an initial step in angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases can associate with integrin on the surface of endothelial cells, thereby promoting angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to test if fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) can regulate the sprouting in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. FGF-2 induced sprouting and secretion of MMP-2 and plasmin. FGF-2 also induced the expression of integrin Mac-1, which is inhibited IS20I. Addition of BB-94, a 2-antiplasmin and IS20I inhibited FGF-2-induced sprouting activity. Therefore, FGF-2-induced sprouting activity in PPAECs may be accomplished by secretion of proteinases such as MMP-2 and plasmin and integrin expression.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.299-315
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• 1997

The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of Samsaengyeum. water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurement of Mortality rate was observed for measuring the effect of Samsaengyeum water extract Samsaengyeum water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1me/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effect of Samsaengyeiim water extract was examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Samsaengyeum dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug reduced the fibrinogen lyses time and increased the lyses area of rat. 8. Samsaengyeum reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Samsaengyeum increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2008

A ten-year-old Yorkshire Terrier developed serious abdominal distension and respiratory distress. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic mass around the aorta that was contiguous with the right atrium and main pulmonary artery. It was resulted in failure of the right side of the heart including tricuspid regurgitation, hepatomegaly with dilation of the hepatic vein and severe ascites due to a large, expansile mass. Computed tomography(CT) identified a large mass originating at the cardiac hilar region and spanning from the cranial vena cava to the caudal vena cava. The tumor had invaded the cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, heart and pleural wall. A tentative diagnosis of chemodectoma was assigned to the tumor through a fine needle aspiration. This report focuses on the typical features of imaging diagnosis of heartbase tumors by radiography, ultrasonography and CT.