• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2010

Pulmonary vascular disease is a category of disorders, including pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary vascular disease secondary to chronic respiratory disease, and pulmonary vascular tumor and malformations. This article reviews the recent advances in this wide spectrum of pulmonary vascular diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.173-175
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• 2004

Primary pulmonary arterial sarcomas, especially those originating from the pulmonary valve are extremely rare. A 35 year-old male patient was admitted for exertional dyspnea and fatigue. Large intraluminal mass in the main pulmonary artery and both pulmonary arteries was detected by chest computed tomogram, chest magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiogram, and pulmonary angiogram. We regarded the mass as a primary pulmonary arterial malignant tumor, and resected under cardiopulmonary bypass. The mass was appeared to originate from the posterior cusp of pulmonary valve, and extended from below pulmonary valve to main pulmonary artery and both pulmonary arteries. We resected the mass by pulmonary endarterectomy and replaced the pulmonary valve. The mass was diagnosed as a pulmonary arterial sarcoma in histopathologic examination.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.194-204
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• 2000

Echocardiography was performed to obtain the optimal planes for diagnosis of canine heartworm disease in 11 dogs. Imaging planes were taken the left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view, 4-chamber long-axis view, chordae tendineae level short-axis view and modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view in the right parasternal window, and aptical 4-chamber long-axis view in hte left parasternal window. After echocaridography, the pulmonary artery valve pat was ligated with double 1-0 silk under the general anesthesia to prevent heartworm moving from pulmonary artery to right ventricle. The dogs were euthanized and examained for heartworms in heart and great vessels. Many adult heartworms were identified ultrasonographically within main pulmonary artery, bifurcation of pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery, but not identified within right ventricle and atrium. At necropsy, adult heartworms were mainly found in pulmonary artery in 11 days, and also found in right ventricular outflow tract and right ventricle in 2 of 11 dogs. The modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view was the best imaging plane for identifiying heartworms because the main pulmonary artery, branches of pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery could be showed. The aortic root internal dimension (AOID) and right pulmonary atery internal dimension (RPAID) were measured from the modified pulmonary ateries level short-axis view and left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view. The RPAID and RPAID/AOID was higher in heartworm infected dogs than normal Korea Jin-do dogs in modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view, and the AOID, RPAID and RPIAID/AOID was higher than in left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view, respectively. These results indicate that the pulmonary arteries were the major habitat of adult heartworm in canine heartworm disease and the modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view was the best imaging planes for identifying heartworms because the main pulmonary arteries could be showed. Therefore the modified pulmonary arteries level short-axis view can be used for diagnosing heartworm disease and for monitoring dilation of pulmonary artery.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 1967

In 20 normal cases and 39 pulmonary tuberculosis cases, regional pulmonary arterial blood flow measurements and lung perfusion scans by $^{131}I$-Macroaggregated albumin, lung inhalation scans by colloidal $^{198}Au$ and spirometries by respirometer were done at the Radiological Research Institute. The measured lung function tests were compared and the results were as the following: 1. The normal distribution of pulmonary blood flow was found to be $54.5{\pm}2.82%$ to the right lung and $45.5{\pm}2.39%$ to the left lung. The difference between the right and left pulmonary arterial blood flow was significant statistically (p<0.01). In the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $52.5{\pm}5.3%$ to the right lung and $47.5{\pm}1.0%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was in the right lung, and $56.2{\pm}4.4%$ to the right lung and $43.8{\pm}3.1%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was in the left lung. The difference of pulmonary arterial blood flow between the right and left lung was statistically not significant compared with the normal distribution. In the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distripution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $26.9{\pm}13.9%$ to the right lung and $73.1{\pm}13.9%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the right lung, and $79.6{\pm}12.8%$ to the right lung and $20.4{\pm}13.0%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the left lung. These were found to be highly significant statistically compared with the normal distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow (p<0.01). When both lungs were evenly involved, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $49.5{\pm}8.01%$ to the right lung and $50.5{\pm}8.01%$ to the left lung. In the far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $18.5{\pm}11.6%$ to the right lung and $81.5{\pm}9.9%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the right lung, and $78.2{\pm}8.9%$ to the right lung and $21.8{\pm}10.5%$ to the left lung when the tuberculous lesion was more severe in the left lung. These were found to be highly significant statistically compared with the normal distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow (p<0.01). When both lungs were evenly involved the average distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow was found to be $56.0{\pm}3.6%$ to the right lung and $44.0{\pm}3.2%$ to the left lung. 2. Lung perfusion scan by $^{131}I$-MAA in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was as follows: a) In the pretreated minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, the decreased area of pulmonary arterial blood flow was corresponding to the chest roentgenogram, but the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow was more extensive than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram in the apparently healed minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. b) In the pretreated moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area was corresponding to the chest roentgenogram, but the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow was more extensive in the treated moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis as in the treated minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. c) Pulmonary arterial blood flow in the patients with far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis both before and after chemotherapy were almost similar to the chest roentgenogram. Especially the decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the cavity was usually greater than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram. 3. Lung inhalation scan by colloidal $^{198}Au$ in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was as follows: a) In the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis, lung inhalation scan showed almost similar decrease of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram. b) In the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis the decrease of radioactivity in the diseased area was partly corresponding to the chest roentgenogram in one hand and on the other hand the radioactivity was found to be normally distributed in stead of tuberculous lesion in the chest roentgenogram. c) In the far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, lung inhalation scan showed almost similar decrease of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram as in the minimal pulmonary tuberculosis. 4. From all these results, it was found that the characteristic finding in pulmonary tuberculosis was a decrease in pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area and in general decrease of pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased area was more extensive than had been expected from the chest roentgenogram, especially in the treated group. Lung inhalation scan showed almost similar distribution of radioactivity corresponding to the chest roentgenogram in minimal and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, but there was a variability in the moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. The measured values obtained from spirometry were parallel to the tuberculous lesion in chest roentgenogram.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1045-1048
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• 1995

Pulmonary atresia with VSD is uncommon congenital anomaly with high mortality in neonatal period.Recently we experienced surgical correction of pulmonary atresia with VSD. The case was 2 month old male patient diagnosed as pulmonary atresia with VSD and PDA. Atretic pulmonary artery segment from Rt ventricular infundibulum to pulmonary artery was lcm in length. The pulmonary trunk tapered toward Right ventricular infundibulum and resulted in blind pouch with diameter of lmm. The left pulmonary artery was stenosed at just proximal and distal part to which PDA was connected. Total correction was undertaken which consisted of PDA ligation, dacron patch closure of VSD, establishment of continuity between right ventricle and pulmonary artery with autogenous pericardium. Postoperative systolic fight ventricular pressure and left ventricular pressure ratio was 0.7. In patient with pulmonary atresia with VSD it is advisable to perform a corrective operation, whenever the size and anatomy of pulmonary artery are acceptable for it.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1140-1143
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• 1999

Acquired pulmonary artery stenosis which is secondary to tuberculosis is so rare that only a few scattered cases have been reported. We report one case of pulmonary stenosis caused by pulmonary tuberculosis.l A 50 year old man who gradually developed dyspnea was diagnosed as bilateral pulmonary stenosis, he underwent bypass surgery between the main diagnosed as bilateral pulmonary stenosis. he underwent bypass surgery between the main pulmonary artery and the right pulomonary artery with a 13mm Gortex ringed straight graft. The left pulmonary artery was too small to restore the perfusion. The patient was discharged on the 33rd day after the operation. Acquired pulmonary stenosis could be treated successfully with one-side pulmonary arery reconstruction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.716-718
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• 1992

In pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, there are abnormal communications between the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins; the capillary networks that normally separate arteries from veins is absent. The only available treatment of this uncommon variety is an excision. We report a case of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula cured by segmentectomy with a review of literatures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.408-411
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• 2015

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are caused by abnormal vascular communications between the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, which lead to the blood bypassing the normal pulmonary capillary beds. Pulmonary AVMs result in right-to-left shunts, resulting in hypoxemia, cyanosis, and dyspnea. Clinical signs and symptoms vary depending on the size, number, and flow of the AVMs. Transcatheter embolization is the treatment of choice for pulmonary AVMs. However, this method can fail if the AVM is large or has multiple complex feeding arteries. Surgical resection is necessary in those kind of cases. Here, we report the case of a patient with a 6-cm pulmonary AVM with multiple feeding arteries that was successfully treated by repeated coil embolization without surgery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.4
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• pp.307-311
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• 2016

Pulmonary strongyloidiasis is an uncommon presentation of Strongyloides infection, usually seen in immunocompromised hosts. The manifestations are similar to that of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the diagnosis of pulmonary strongyloidiasis could be challenging in a COPD patient, unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. Here, we present a case of Strongyloides hyperinfection in a COPD patient mimicking acute exacerbation, who was on chronic steroid therapy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.544-547
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• 1987

Pulmonary vein wedge angiography was applied to two patients of 2 years old TOF with PFO. Left pulmonary artery was not visualized by standard right ventriculogram and catheter was not entered into main pulmonary artery. Through PFO and left atrium, pulmonary vein wedge angiography at left lower pulmonary vein was done. The ipsilateral pulmonary artery & its trees in both cases and the contralateral pulmonary artery in one case were well visualized. Dangerous complication, such as massive bronchoconstriction due to extravasation of contrast material into the bronchus, was not developed. Mild coughing was occurred, but well tolerable in both cases. We recommended a dose of 0.8 mL/Kg of contrast material at a rate of 2 to 3 mL/sec and 1 to 2 mL/Kg of flush solution at the same rate by the hand, and routine use of pulmonary vein wedge angiography in cyanotic patients whose pulmonary artery was not visualized by the standard angiography.