• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.182-182
• /
• 2023

Since China adopted Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the 1980s, China has relied on water PPPs to expand appropriate water facilities.. According to the World Bank data from 1994 to 2020, the top five provinces hosted over 40 percent of total PPPs, with four of them located in the Huadong area and one in the Henan area. A vast gap exists between the group attracting the most PPPs and the group hosting the least. This study explores Guangdong and Shandong provinces, which have led most PPPs in China. Coincidently, these areas are also famous for the typical areas to show the Chinese economic policy after the open-door policy. They have achieved economic development and rapid urbanization rates based on the large scale of Foreign Direct Investment inflow and export-oriented manufacturing industry, as well as their active participation in PPPs over the last thirty years. An economic approach can provide valuable insights into the development of water infrastructure. Adequate urban infrastructure has been shown to impact local economic development positively. Water infrastructure also provides a basic and sustainable environment for economic activities by satisfying more water usage, improving the efficiency of the water supply, and reducing water pollution caused by industrial activities. However, it remains only partially understood without inclusive research on the issues related to water resources in each province. For instance, existing studies have been limited to explaining slightly different patterns of water PPPs between Guangdong and Shandong at the beginning of the PPP era. This study aims to elucidate the development pattern of water PPPs in each province from multi-dimensional aspects. Therefore, the study will help understand why China boosted the development of the private water market.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.6D
• /
• pp.839-847
• /
• 2008

No proper system exists for private investment projects, and efficient project management is not being achieved due to entanglements of management. Recognizing these circumstances, this paper has diagnosed the hard facts that project management organizations and systems are facing, and presented solutions to the factors that are obstructing the establishment of efficient project management system. This paper carried out focus group interviews on the experts who had participated in the Incheon International Airport Railway construction project, using the methodology of an exploratory case study. The results were systematically analyzed according to organizational behavior and causes corresponding to each of the problems were deduced. Private investment projects were divided into task environments and project organizations based on social science methodology and analyzed, and a final improvement plan for each participating organization was presented. An improvement plan was presented, and it was compared with the case study of Incheon bridge construction project, which is recognized as a model of successful project management, and its appropriateness evaluated.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.261-284
• /
• 2018

Global changeover to renewable energy is an inaugurate initiatives as one of the UN sustainable development goals. But the State alone can not achieve its goal, in particular, countries classified as bad governance. However, when the combination of innovative public-private partnerships including technology and operational innovation can be made, it can provide with rural remote villages of developing countries with more sustainable environment. In other words, we tried to show examples of success in energy supply by reducing costs and increasing marketability through various partnerships(technological innovation benefits). Base on the question, this paper examines the cases of Steama.Co, Ewang'an in Kenya, and Grameen Shakti in Bangladesh, and analyzes the developmental effects of differences in partnership types.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• autumn
• /
• pp.325-328
• /
• 2003

폴드와 타 동유럽국가들이 내년에 유럽연합(EU)에 가입할 예정이다. EU에 가입한 후 폴란드는 도로분야의 투자에 박차를 가한 것이며 2005년까지 도로망을 보수할 것이다. 현재 폴란드 정부가 도로의 모든 건설투자 비용을 충당할 수 없으므로 민${\cdot}$관 협력에 기초하여 프로젝트 자본조달에 관한 새로운 방법을 발전시키고자 한다. 고도로 개발된 도로 교통망 없이는 국가 경제측면에서 경쟁력을 제고할 수 없으므로 EU 전체의 도로 교통망을 도입 하고자 한다. 도로 교통망의 성공적인 확대는 폴란드와 같이 아직 EU에 소속되지 않은 동유럽 국가의 교통 기반시설의 기초가 될 것이며 이것은 전채유럽의 이익을 가져 올 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 1994

With the advent of local autonomy in the 1990s, the polemic issue of decentralizing the central government power will undoubtedly come to the fore. The purpose of this study is to reconsider the government functions both at the central and local levels, paritcularly in the fields of urban planning administration. Those policy guidelines administration. Those policy guidelines employed such delegations include : 1) leaving detailed land use regulations to the discretion of local governments; 2) increasing role of local administrations and people regarding development projects; 3) promotion of urban developers as well as public and private partnership; 4) simplifying the procedure related to development applications. In this context, the role of the central government should be redefined; macro-scale policymaking to cope with on-going globalization trends; area-wide coordination among various local bodies ; providing planning standards and information; straining manpower and operation of urban development funds and subsidies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.147-160
• /
• 2009

In 1977, the Main Street Program(MSP) of the United States was founded by the National Trust for Historic Preservation to revitalize downtowns which suffered major declines in their economy and population. This study analyzed the methodology of MSP such as the Four-Point Approach and the Eight Principles, history of MSP, local program organizational structure, local program budgets and funding, official designation and so on. Three successful cases were discussed the background of an introduction to MSP, implementations, results and revitalization statistics. To be able to apply rural development projects in Korea, this study showed the implications such as the need for a program's ethic and methodology, a strong public-private partnership, a dedicated organization, a full-time professional program manager, a commitment to good design and comprehensive work plan, and an educational program of ongoing training for staff, volunteers and other residents.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2019

This study aims to investigate the urban regeneration policies in Japan especially focusing "New Town" regeneration. New Town projects were launched in major Japanese cities, aiming to form a designed urban housing area and a mass supply of quality housing, in order to solve the lack of housing and urban sprawl which became a serious issue due to the over-concentration of population and industries in the city during the period of rapid economic growth. Tama New Town and Kohoku New Town are well-known development projects in 1970s and 80s; They attract wide attention again as urban regeneration policies focusing on a Smart city as well as Private-Public Partnership.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2017

The study seeks to cooperate with the investigation of a fire investigation based on public-private partnership. Fire protection systems provide a wide variety of viewpoints from the perspectives of design, construction, management, maintenance, maintenance and maintenance systems at a particular point in time, construction, management, and maintenance systems. What is controversial is that there are illegal activities such as illegal activities of the Patent Office, misconduct of construction work and unreasonable construction of construction works.As a theoretical framework, the present study identified the four key elements of a successful disaster response system : responsiveness, control, professionalism, and bias.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2016

빅데이터를 통한 학습, GPU를 활용한 고속 컴퓨팅 및 다양한 알고리즘 개발과 더불어 기계학습은 다양한 분야에서 종래에 이루어내지 못한 뛰어난 성과를 달성하고 있다. 그동안 상용화된 통신 시스템에서 기계학습이 활성화되지 못했지만, 전례없는 다양한 서비스와 단말을 아우르는 5G 통신에서는 더욱 적극적으로 활용될 것으로 예상된다. 기계학습은 링크 적응 등 무선접속기술, 다양한 망이 혼재된 이종망 기술, 트래픽 분류 등을 위한 네트워크 기술, 침입 탐지를 위한 보안 기술 등 다양한 통신기술에서 연구됐다. 또한, 최근에는 유럽의 Public Private Partnership(5G PPP) 프로젝트를 비롯하여 다양한 그룹에서 활발히 연구되고 있으며, 컬컴/노키아/에릭슨 등 통신 관련 기업들도 적극적인 투자를 하고 있다. 본고에서는 기계학습 관련 통신기술, 연구그룹 및 기업 동향을 소개하고, 이를 통해 5G 통신 적용 가능성을 짚어본다.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2013

In recent years, NASA, FAA and the aerospace industry, through MIL-HDBK-17 and the NASA-conceived AGATE(Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments) program, have worked together to reduce the qualification burden imposed on individual aircraft manufacturers. AGATE is one of the most successful public/private cost-haring partnerships ever conceived, bringing together academia, the FAA, other government agencies and industry to develop affordable new technologies and accompanying industry standards and certification methods. In 2005, NASA established NCAMP(National Center for Advanced Materials Performance) with the purpose of refining and enhancing the AGATE process to a self-sustaining level to serve the entire aerospace industry in partnership with CMH-17, FAA, and SAE. In this paper, I will introduce briefly NCAMP process and explain its organization structure and core NCAMP documents. This paper can provide some help in establishing our certification system for composite materials where the NCAMP process is expected to be the most good model.