• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.371-377
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• 2022

Urban rails and buses are representative public transit systems that not only cooperate with each other, but also compete with each other. In other words, there is a possibility that the overall demand for public transportation may increase due to the introduction of a competitive public transportation system, or there is a possibility that demand will be maintained at the level that is simply converted to a competitive system. The objective of this study is to analyze the change in public transit flow when an additional transit system is introduced in a city with alternative public transit systems. To carry out this objective, we analyzed changes in public transit passenger flow before and after the introduction of an urban rail transit line 3 in Daegu Metropolitan City, where two public transit systems, urban rail and bus, exist. For accurate analysis, big data collected by passenger transportation cards were utilized for one week in the second week of April 2015, 2016, and 2019. From the analysis, it was found that although the urban rail passenger flow increased due to the additional urban rail transit system, the change in the overall public transit passenger flow in the city was insignificant. In other words, it is interpreted that the bus transit passengers have been shifted to the urban transit systems. Based on the results, this study suggested various policies to increase the demand for public transit rather than simply adding public transit systems.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2016

An average of 20 million individual transit unit activities per day on the Seoul-Gyeonggi-Incheon public transportation network are provided as transportation card analysis data by the metropolitan district (99.02% by 2014 standard, Humanlive, 2015.4). The metropolitan transportation card data can be employed in a comprehensive analysis of public transportation users' current transit patterns and by means of this, an effective use plan can be explored. In enhancing the existing information on the bus and rail integrated network of the metropolis with public transportation card data, the constraints in the existing methodology of metropolitan transit analysis, which functions on a zone unit origin and destination basis, can be overcome. Framework for metropolitan public transportation card data based integrated public transportation analysis, which consists of bus and rail integrated transport modes, is constructed, and through this, a single passenger's transit behavior transit volume can be approximated. This research proposes that in the use of metropolitan public transportation card data, integrated public transportation usage, as a part of individual passenger spatial movements, can be analyzed. Furthermore, metropolitan public transportation card usage data can provide insights into understanding not only movements of populations taking on transit activities, but also, characteristics of metropolitan local space.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2016

In public transportation, smart cards have been introduced for the purpose of convenient payment systems. The smart card transaction data can be utilized not only for the exact and convenient payment but also for civil planning based on travel tracking of citizens. This paper focuses on the analysis of the transportation convenience using the smart card big data. To this end, a new index is developed to measure the transit convenience of each region by considering how passengers actually experience the transportation network in their travels. The movement data such as movement distance, time and amount between regions are utilized to access the public transportation convenience of each region. A smart card data of five working days in March is used to evaluate the transit convenience of each region in Seoul city. The contribution of this study is that a new transit convenience measure was developed based on the reality data. It is expected that this measure can be used as a means of quantitative analysis in civil planning such as a traffic policy or local policy.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.68-79
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose a transit accessibility analysis method based on temporal variability of travel time. In this study, transit accessibility was defined in three levels (in transit route, spot and region unit) to present findings from different spatial scopes. Recently, Jeju special self-governing province reorganized bus system of the island. To compare transit accessibility before and after transit policy implementation, the reorganized bus system of Jeju special self-governing province was selected as a case study. This study used General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data format as storage public transit information, and calculated travel time using ArcGIS GTFS networks analysis tools. In the analysis of individual transit route level, we found the 3 types of accessibility changes which is increments, no significant changes and reductions and these results come from transit route change (number of transfer, distance change) rather than changes of vehicle interval. We found increases of inflow and outflow speed in most target spots and overall transit accessibility has been substantially improved in Jeju island. This study implies that accounting for temporal variability of travel time in accessibility analysis can result in more useful and sophisticated accessibility information in decision-making processes.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of public transit accessibility on the Carsharing use demand. By utilizing the rental historical DB of Greencar which is operated in Suwon city and public transit GIS DB, the use demand models for Carsharing by rental offices are built and analyzed in accordance with public transit accessibility. The result indicates 73% of walking as a majority, 3% cycling, and 20% using buses and urban railways to access Carsharing rental offices. The goodness of fit of Carsharing use models reflecting accessibility to buses and railways is verified as 0.818 which proves that public transit accessibility is a significant variable. Therefore, it is verified that installing Carsharing rental offices where public transit transfer is convenient can possibly increase the use demand. Especially, while accessibility to buses is verified as a significant variable out of other public transit means, the accessibility to urban railways is verified as not significant. This suggests that a variety of complementary policies such as transfer discount policy and one-way transfer return policy are necessary in between urban railways and Carsharing in order to promote mutual use demand in accordance with the other public transit means. This study result is yet the basic research on Carsharing, however it is expected to contribute to improvement of transfer demand in between different public transit means.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2017

While transit is inconvenient, it is also inevitable for the efficient public transportation. Reducing the number of transfers as much as possible is most important in providing the convenience of public transportation and facilitating the public transportation. As for the public transportation card data, 61,986 items on weekdays and 69,100 items on weekends were collected. Pattern analysis and traffic influence factors were analyzed using traffic data card. Trip chain results revealed that people have more transit transfers for shopping and leasure than commuting purposes on weekends and that commuting distance and time increase by 10 km and 9.9 minutes, respectively. Besides, results of the structural equation model showed that factor 1(total travel time, total travel distance), factor 2(number of people getting on and off), factor 3(transit time), and factor 4(number of bus connections, number of operations) were found to have significant effects on the number of transfers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.40
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• pp.87-93
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• 2007

Over the years, Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS) has been implemented to manage and operate public transportation system. With the expanding mass spatio-temporal data such as comprehensive spatial information of each individual passenger and public transportation vehicle, it has been required to consolidate and analyze these multiple data sets from various sources. This paper demonstrates how GIS is utilized for the consolidation of massive transit related spatio-temporal information. And it presents effective applications to improve transit planning process and support transit related decision-making activities. GIS based system is used to combine multi-agents' data in the areas of transit operation and individual transit ride and transfer management. Due to the unique comprehensiveness and the level of detail of the data provide by the Seoul Transit system, this GIS based information consolidation is the first in its class. Based on the integrated database, this paper describes the effective and efficient GIS based analysis deployed in a transportation system planning process. The data integration systems and analytic models developed in this paper can be transferred and applied by any municipal governments provided that the appropriate data is available.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2005

For Internet service providers (ISPs), there are three common types of interconnection agreements : private peering, public peering and transit. One of the most important problems for a single ISP is to determine which other ISPs to interconnect with, and under which agreements. The problem can be then to find a set of private peering providers, transit providers and Internet exchanges (IXs) when the following input data are assumed to be given : a set of BGP addresses with traffic demands, and a set of potential service providers (Private peering/transit providers and IXs) with routing information, cost functions and capacities. The objective is to minimize the total interconnection cost. We show that the problem is NP-hard, give a mixed-integer programming model, and propose a heuristic algorithm. Computational experience with a set of test instances shows the remarkable performance of the proposed algorithm of rapidly generating near-optimal solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.80-93
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• 2018

Public transit services are generally analyzed based on the correlation of demand and supply. The computation of supply uses accessibility while demand uses travel demands estimation based on residential population. However, the traditional demand estimation has a limitation in analysing in micro-scale compared to the smartcard data traffic. This study analyzed potential improvement of public transit services using smartcard traffic data. The supply of transportation was defined using time distance accessibility. Also, time loss was calculated in those origin destination(OD) pairs where time distance accessibilities are relatively low. The proposed method was applied at Seoul. The results showed that the areas where OD pairs need improvement include Seodaemun-gu, Guro-gu and Nowon-gu.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

Seoul's transportation system was changed drastically starting the first of June in two thousand. This policy includes integrated distance-based fare system and public transportation card system called smart card. Especially, as public transportation card data contains individual travel, transfer and using modes information it is possible to catch the characteristics of path-based individuals and mass transit. Thus, public transportation card data can contribute to evaluate the mass transit service in integrated public transportation networks. In addition, public transportation card data are able to help to convert previous researches and analyses with link-based trip assignment models to path-based mass transit service analysis. In this study, an algorithm being suitable for path-based trip assignment models is suggested and proposed algorithm can also contribute to make full use of public transportation card data. For this, column generation algorithm hewn to draw the stable solution is adopted. This paper uses the methodology that is to take local approximate equilibrium from partial network and expand local approximate equilibrium to global equilibrium.