• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2017

본 연구는 전라북도 내 하수처리장 방류수를 효율적으로 재이용하기 위해 일일 방류량이 $5,000m^3$ 이상 되는 12개 하수처리장을 대상으로 방류수 수질을 조사하고 처리장 주변 현황을 파악하여 용도별 재이용 가능성을 제안하는데 목적을 두었다. 추가적으로 방류수를 재처리하기 위한 실험실규모의 실험도 수행하였다. 방류수는 7개 용도별 수질기준에 근거하여 중금속 16개 항목을 포함한 총 28개 항목을 수질 분석하였다. 분석결과 부적합 항목은 색도, BOD, TN, SS, 염화물, 전기전도도 등 6개 항목이며, 색도와 TN이 각각 8개소, 5개소로 가장 높았다. 유입원수가 공단폐수 및 음식물처리수가 유입되는 처리장의 경우 염화물과 전기전도도가 높았다. 방류수 재처리없이 직접 재이용수로 가능한 처리장은 4개소였다. 실험실 규모의 실험(Lab test)은 모래여과(SF)-활성탄흡착(GAC)-정밀여과(MF)-역삼투압(RO) 순으로 실험을 수행하였다. 총대장균군, 색도, 부유물질(SS) 제거는 SF와 GAC조합이 경제성과 처리 효율면에서 가장 적절하였으며, 염화물과 전기전도도는 SF, GAC, MF에서는 큰 효과가 없었으며, RO처리 후 90% 이상의 제거효율을 보였다. $UV_{254}$는 원수가 0.3651/cm에서 SF-GAC공정 후 0.0306/cm로 92% 이상의 높은 제거효율을 보였다. 중금속 중 총붕소(B-total)는 SF-GAC-MF-RO 처리 후 0.7054 mg/L에서 0.0854 mg/L로 88% 제거효율을 보였다. 결론적으로 각 처리장은 방류수 수질분석결과와 주변 지형을 고려하여 방류수 재이용 용도를 선택하여야 한다. 또한 재처리가 필요한 경우 처리할 수질 항목과 처리비용을 고려한 처리방법을 결정하는 것이 적절하다고 판단된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2019

급격한 산업발전과 인구증가로 인해 최근 지자체 및 하수처리장에서 하수처리장으로 연계하여 처리하는 연계처리수가 많은 문제를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 연계처리수는 일반하수대비 저유량 고농도의 특성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 이러한 특성은 공공하수처리시설의 하수처리 난이도 및 하수처리 단가를 증가시키는 영향을 미친다. 하수처리단가를 증가시키는 많은 영향인자 중 '연계처리부하/설계유입수부하(%)'가 가장 상관성이 높은 인자로 도출되었고, 그 후 공공하수처리시설 선정 및 모델링을 통해 4계절의 영향을 고려한 온도 조건 및 '연계처리부하/설계유입수부하(%)' 증가 조건에 따른 설계방류수질 초과 범위를 조사했다. 그 결과 TN의 경우 $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 각각 '연계처리부하/설계유입부하(%)'가 각각 19.7%, 22.6%, 25.1%. 27.7%로 나타났고, TP의 경우 $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 각각 '연계처리부하/설계유입부하(%)'가 각각 10.7%, 12.2%, 15.6%, 17.5%로 조사되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of policies on water quality management based on the changes in pollutants and water quality in Special Water Preservation Area (SWPA) of Lake Paldang watershed from 1990 to 2016. The population, total sewage and flow rate of wastewater in SWPA continuously increased from 1990 to 2016, while the location of new facilities for industrial and livestock facilities has been restricted. However, unlike the buffer zone in which industrial and livestock facilities were continuously reduced after implementing of TMDL, it was found that the effect of land-use regulations on industrial and livestock facilities in SWPA were mitigated by the increase in the size of large facilities. Since 1999 when the emission standard of public sewage treatment plants (STP) was changed, the water quality of Lake Paldang has increased despite the increase of pollutant source. Since emission standard of STP changed in 2012 (BOD 5 mg/L, TP 0.2 mg/L), BOD concentration in Lake Paldang has also improved to the level of water quality in the early 1990s where as TP concentration has remained at its lowest since 1990. BOD and TP average discharge concentration of 43 STP (${\geq}500m^3/day$) in 2016 have been maintained $1.7{\pm}0.7mg/L$ and $0.06{\pm}0.02mg/L$ respectively. While the discharged load of STP in SWPA was decreased by the concentration management, the contribution rate to the total discharged load of non-point pollutants increased to 70 % in 2015, and the contribution rate to the point discharged load of individual treatment facilities increased to 80 %.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2021

2021년부터 총유기탄소(TOC)가 국내 공공하수처리시설의 새로운 유기물질 기준 지표로 선정됨에 따라, 기존 유기물질 관리지표(DOC, BOD5, CODMn, CODCr)와의 상관성 분석을 통해 TOC의 적용 타당성 평가가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 500개소 공공하수처리시설을 공정 및 시설용량에 따라 구분하여 유입 및 방류수에 대한 유기물질 관리지표간의 상관성 분석을 실시하였다. 다른 유기물질 관리 지표 대비 유입수와 방류수 내 화학적 산소요구량(CODMn)와 TOC간 농도비와 결정계수(R2)는 상대적으로 높았다. 유기물질 관리지표간의 상관성 결과는 새로이 기준으로 도입된 TOC와 관련된 다양한 연구 수행에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2016

Objectives: This study evaluated the odor emission characteristics from fundamental environmental facilities at an industrial complex area in Daegu City. Methods: The odor samples were collected from May 2015 to January 2016 and were analyzed for specified offensive odor substances. The odor quotient and the odor contribution was calculated. Results: Ammonia was detected in all samples monitoring specified odor compounds, followed by hydrogen sulfide and acetaldehyde. According to contribution analysis, hydrogen sulfide shows the highest contribution in all facilities. At wastewater treatment plants A and B and sewage treatment plant F, it was followed by acetaldehyde. At wastewater treatment plant C, it was followed by imethyl sulfide. Conclusion: The major component of odor can be determined by evaluating the degree of contribution to the odor intensity rather than the concentration of the individual odor components. To increase the effectiveness of odor reduction, policies focused on materials with a high odor contribution are needed rather than focusing on high-concentration odor compounds.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2007

To establish effective and prompt measures for energy conservation in public wastewater treatment plants in Korea, energy consumption rates in 233 utilities in 9 provinces and 7 metropolitan cities are investigated and compared to the rest of the world. Mean load factor for wastewater treatment utilities is 74.9% and those for influent pumps and aeration blowers are 56.2% and 61.0%, respectively. Mean electrical energy usages as the key performance indicators are $0.243kWh/m^3$ for overall sewage treatments and 2.07 kWh per unit kg BOD removal. Digester gas as one of major byproducts in the process amounts to $382,000m^3/day$ nationwide. While major part of the digester gas is used for sludge heating, only 7.3% of the gas is utilized for electricity generation. Both efficiencies for BOD removal and digestion gas generation are considerably lower than those in USA and EU utilities due to low concentration of organic material in influent wastewater. Such low energy regeneration, in turn, results in significantly higher energy consumption in Korean plants, compared to that in USA and EU ones.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2021

Recently, the deterioration of water quality in Wonju stream has been reported due to the increase in diverse pollution sources along with community development and urbanization. Various types of attempts with a huge budget were made for better water quality so far, but its effectiveness is still doubted. In order to establish site-oriented measures for water quality improvement, the topographic and hydrologic factors were evaluated based on site inspection and survey. As the major streams merged into the Wonju stream, the Hwa and Heungyang streams were found to have higher pollution loads and contributions compared to other streams due to the scattered livestock farms and industries, and vulnerable land use. Notably, the discharge water from the Wonju Public Sewage Treatment Plant had the highest level of pollution load, impacting on the water quality of Wonju Stream. According to the SWAT model as water quality measures, the improvement effect of water quality in this treatment plant can be reached to the reductions in BOD 11.06%, T-N 23.56%, T-P 10.60% when the proper managements applied, whereas the improvement of water quality would be 3.89%, 1.23%, and 3.32% for BOD, T-N, T-P, respectively, for the industries. The reduction of the livestock industry was generally very high as a pollution source, but it was not much higher at the end of Wonju Stream than other measures. These results recommended that the water q uality improvement measures should be designated for each upper-middle-lower section in Wonju stream.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2018

Due to the lack of water in arid and semi-arid areas, reuse of wastewater can be a suitable way to compensate for water scarcity. Therefore, in this research, evaluation of the quality of wastewater of Kashan Treatment Plant to use for irrigation was studied. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. pH, TSS, TDS, turbidity, COD, BOD5, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Total Coliform, fecal coliform, nematode eggs of inlet and outlet of wastewater treatment plant in Kashan were studied. Mean and standard deviation and wastewater quality parameters before and after treatment were tested with SPSS 22 (2014) software. The mean wastewater output of COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS and turbidity were respectively 86.6, 41.2, 11.11, 1095 mgL-1 and 17.5 NTU and the pH was equal to 7.22. Also, the average of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and phosphorus were 22.4 and 2.2 mgL-1 respectively. The mean of Total Coliform and fecal coliform were 225, 161 MPN / 100 ml respectively. In addition, no nematode eggs were found in final effluent. The results indicated that the treatment plants had a significant role in the control of microbial and organic pollution load of wastewater. Also, it is concluded that all parameters were in accordance with the standards of Iran's Department of Environment, so, it can be used for unrestricted irrigation.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

폐수처리에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 세균 군집의 다양성과 폐수종류에 따른 군집차이를 알아보기 위해 분자생물학적 분석방법을 사용하였다. 국내 폐수처리장 슬러지 시료로부터 16S rDNA 클론 라이브러리를 구축하였고, HaeIII RFLP pattern과 염기서열을 분석하였다. 하수처리장 시료에서는 총 1,151개의 클론에서 699개의 서로 다른 RFLP pattern이, 화학산업 폐수처리장 시료에서는 총 1,228개의 클론에서 300개의 서로 다른 RFLP pattern이 관찰되었다. Shannon-Weiner diversity index의 계산결과 하수처리장 슬러지 시료는 8.7,화학산업 폐수처리장 슬러지 시료는 6.1로 하수처리장시료가 더 다양한 군집을 구성하고 있었다. 두 시료에서 우점하는 RFLP pattern에 해당되는 40개의 클론을 선정하여 염기서열 분석과 상동성 검색을 수행하였다. 분석된 서열의 $70\%$인 28개의 클론은 배양이 보고되지 않은 균주의 16S rRNA와 유사도가 높았고, 두 시료 모두 ${\beta}-Proteobacteria$가 우점하였다. 그러나, 하수처리장의 경우 활성슬러지에서 분리된 균주들과 유사한 군집이 많았던 반면, 화학산업 페수처리장의 경우 고온이며, 혐기성이고,탄화수소나 황이 많이 존재하는 환경에서 분리된 균주들과 유사한 군집이 많았다. 이러한 결과는 유입수의 조성에 따른 차이로 생각된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2017

Many sewage treatment plants have applied the advanced technology of chemical coagulant system to remove phosporus in Korea. However there are some problems for the injection of optimum coagulant dosage. In order to solve these problems, the research related to the more cost-effective automatic total phosphorus coagulation control system using an EC(Electrical Conductivity) have been in progress. This study was conducted by the same process and operation method as the Lab-scale for public small town sewage treatment plant. First, it confirmed the correlation among the EC, PO4-P and coagulant dosage in the Lab-scale MSBR(Membrane Sequencing Batch Reactor) process. Next, it analyzed that correlation coefficient of EC and the coagulant dosage was 0.92 in the Full-scale MSBR process. As a result, not only T-P removal efficiency was doubled but also it satisfied the effluent water quality standard in a stable manner. In addition, by applying the automatic control system using the EC, compared to the fixed coagulant injection system the coagulant dosage could be reduced by 28%.