• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.162-182
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• 1997

This study was carried out to assess the current status of hospital wage structure and to find out the characteristics and problems in the current hospital wage structure. so as to provide empirical data for establishing a rational wage structure. The data were collected from administrative personnels in charge of wage management in 31 hospitals by using a structured questionnaire through direct visiting and mailing in Pusan Metropolitan City. The major findings in this study were as follows: First, the hospital wage structure applied differently to the basic wages between doctors and the other employees. The wage structure for doctors included performance rate of 51.6%, followed by a synthesis rate of 29.0%, while the wage for the other employees had the synthesis rate of 74.2%, followed by the seniority rate of 12.9%. Second, the wage consisted of a basic wage for 57.5%. the allowance for 21.1% and monthly installed bonus for 21.4%, and the basic wage comprised 68.3% of the total wage for doctors, as compared to 51.9% for nurses and medical technicians and 52.4% for administrative and managerial personnel. The annual rate of the bonus was average 460%, and 96.8% of the hospital did not consider personnel preformance appraisal when paying the bonus. Third, 80.6% of the hospitals applied the legal rate to the retirement allowance while 19.4% applying cumulative rates more than the legal rate, and all of university hospitals applied cumulative rates. Retirement reserves were practiced only in 54.9% of the hospitals. Forth, many hospitals seemed to be interested in applying graded wage system according to performance, by showing that 42.9% of the hospitals were planning to apply it in the future, despite only 9.7% practicing it. Fifth, the wage structure appeared to be complicated due to various kinds of allowances. The kind of the allowances varied among hospitals, ranging from 2 to 26 kinds, and increased as the size of hospital was larger. Sixth, the opinions leading to improve the basic wage structure favored the seniority rate for 51.6% either to maintain the present seniority rate(16.1%) or to apply the incentive pay in addition to the senior rate(35.5%). and also favored the performance rate for 35.5%, followed by the job rate for 12.9%. In conclusion, the current hospital wage structure seemed to be too complicated to reflect personal ability, contribution and performance and to become a big barrier to inducing worker's motivation and to strengthening in competitveness. Therefore it is suggested that the current wage structure should be revised to the one emphasizing on job and ability base with considering characteristics and situation of the hospital, rather than seniority factors.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.437-454
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• 2020

According to the privacy regulations of the health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA), patients' control over electronic health data is one of the major concern issues. Currently, remote access authorization is considered as the best solution to guarantee the patients' control over their health data. In this paper, a new biometric-based key management scheme is proposed to facilitate remote access authorization anytime and anywhere. First, patients and doctors can use their biometric information to verify the authenticity of communication partners through real-time video communication technology. Second, a safety channel is provided in delivering their access authorization and secret data between patient and doctor. In the designed scheme, the user's public key is authenticated by the corresponding biometric information without the help of public key infrastructure (PKI). Therefore, our proposed scheme does not have the costs of certificate storage, certificate delivery, and certificate revocation. In addition, the implementation time of our proposed system can be significantly reduced.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.10-22
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• 2016

Objectives This study is to analyze current guidelines for health check-ups in infants and children, and to develop better guidelines based on oriental medicine. Methods We analyzed The Manual of 2015's Health Examination for Infants and Children which is a Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST). The statistics from the test was collected from 2010 to 2014 to figure out the problems of Health Examinations for Infants and Children. 20 articles from 2000 to 2014 from RISS, NDSL were also analyzed. Results The current guidelines for health examinations in infants and children didn't include major pediatric diseases such as allergy and asthma. Also, the pediatrics health education materials were mainly focused on hypernutrition but not so much on nutrition deficiency. The number of the centers for Health Examinations for Infants and Children was 52.2% of the number of NIP-Participating medical institutions for infants and children. Conclusions Oriental medicine can be useful to prevent major pediatric diseases and to promote general health in pediatrics. By legislating 'Geon-a-beop', which is a law for infants and children, we can increase the number of medical centers for infants and children to get health check-ups. Currently, there are 9,769 Korean medical institutions, and the rate of traditional medical doctors of public health doctors was 25.5%. Weak Children Questionnaire is developed, considered to be more useful when it is developed with 5-point scale rather than 2.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.75-98
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• 2000

This study applied Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) and Ratio Analysis and Regression Analysis to a set of Korean Public Corporation Medical Centers to evaluate their relative human resource efficiencies. The output measure used in this study was based on health insurance system which was used in both in-patient departments and out-patient departments. Inputs included working time of the doctors, nurses, technicians, and managerial department staff. Based on the data provided on the inputs and outputs, the analysis showed 23 of the 34 hospitals to be relatively inefficient. Each hospital with an efficiency rating of less than 1 was considered relatively inefficient. In addition, managerial strategies based on dual variables were constructed to indicate the manner In which inefficient hospitals may be made efficient. A subsequent analysis of t-test revealed that the bed occupancy rate, medical revenue per 100beds, value added revenue per staff, medical revenue per staff were statistically significant. The results of this study suggest the DEA is a promising tool for evaluating relative human resource efficiency in hospitals which have multiple inputs and outputs and where the efficient production function is not specifiable with any precision. But it is considered that efficiency evaluations may be most effective]y accomplished by Incorporating a combination of methodologies such as ratio analysis and regression analysis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.394-398
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• 2019

Education on the physician continues with undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, and continuous medical education. The countries such as the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, German, and others are required to undergo training in the clinical field for 2 years after completing the national medical examination, and to become doctors after passing the clinical practice license test. Korea can obtain a medical license and become a clinical doctor at the same time if it passes written and practical tests after completing 6 years of undergraduate medical education or 4 years of graduate school. About 90% of medical school graduates replace clinical practice with 4-5 years of training to acquire professional qualifications, but this is an option for individual doctors rather than an extension of the licensing system under law. The medical professional qualification system is implemented by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on the regulation. In fact, under the supervision of the government, the Korean Hospital Association, the Korean Medical Association, and the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences progress most procedures. After training and becoming a specialist, the only thing that is given to a specialist is the right to mark him or her as a specialist in marking a medical institution and advertising. The government's guidelines for professional training are too restrictive, such as the recruitment method of residents, annual training courses of residents, dispatch rule of the residents, and the quota of residents of training hospitals. Although professional training systems are operated in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, most of them are organized and operated by public professional organizations and widely recognize the autonomy of academic institutions and hospitals. Korea should also introduce a compulsory education system after graduating from medical education and organize and initiate by autonomic public professional organization that meets global standards.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5325-5329
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• 2013

Objectives: Although there are many reports about the risk of breast cancer, few have reported clinical factors including history of breast-related or other diseases that affect the prevalence of breast cancer. This study explores these risk factors for breast cancer cases reported in Beijing in 2009. Materials and Methods: Data were derived from a Beijing breast cancer screening performed in 2009, of 568,000 women, from 16 districts of Beijing, all aged between 40 and 60 years. In this study, multilevel statistical modeling was used to identify clinical factors that affect the prevalence of breast cancer and to provide more reliable evidence for clinical diagnostics by using screening data. Results and Conclusion: Those women who had organ transplants, compared with those with none, were associated with breast cancer with an odds ratio (OR)=65.352 [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.488-503.165] and those with solid breast mass compared with none had OR=1.384 (95% CI: 1.022-1.873). Malignant tendency was strongly associated with increased risk of breast cancer, OR=207.999(95% CI: 151.950-284.721). The risk of breast cancer increased with age, $OR_1$=2.759 (95% CI: 1.837-4.144, 56-60 vs. 40-45), $OR_2$=2.047 (95% CI: 1.394-3.077, 51-55 vs. 40-45), $OR_3$=1.668 (95% CI: 1.145-2.431). Normal results of B ultrasonic examination show a lower risk among participants, OR= 0.136 (95% CI: 0.085-0.218). Those women with ductal papilloma compared with none were associated with breast cancer, OR=6.524 (95% CI: 1.871-22.746). Therefore, this study suggests that clinical doctors should pay attention to these high-risk factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.303-308
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• 2013

Background: Medical students' views may provide some direction for future policy considerations. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in future doctors' receptiveness to currently implemented anti-smoking messages and the effectiveness of those messages. Materials and Methods: We administered a questionnaire to all students at a medical university in Malaysia, asking how frequently they noted anti-smoking policies, anti-smoking campaigns, and anti-smoking messages in schools. In addition, the questionnaire investigated most effective methods to convey these messages. Results: A total of 522 (59.7%) students responded. Students were least likely to approve of total bans on cigarettes and increasing the price of cigarettes, and most likely to approve of bans on use of cigarettes in public places and sales to individuals less than 16 years old. Approval of total bans on cigarettes was more common in female students than in males OR=0.39 (95%CI: 0.18-0.86). Furthermore, compared to the female students, the male students thought that printed media; OR=2.32 (95%CI: 1.31-4.10), radio; OR=1.93 (95%CI: 1.15-3.22) and the internet; OR=1.96 (95%CI: 1.15-3.33) were very effective at delivering anti-smoking messages. Conclusions: Gender differences existed in the future doctors' perception of the effectiveness of anti-smoking initiatives. Taking this gender difference into account may increase the receipt of anti-smoking messages in adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The law pertaining to medical service technologists does not discuss the scope and limits of doctors' guidelines. My paper aims to discuss these topics. METHODS: This study was based on a review of literature and an analysis of judicial precedents. RESULTS: Physical therapists have often noted the need for independent practitioners in their articles on health care. Their continued discussions on professional and educational differences have centered round this issue, but their ideas have not been accepted. Practitioners have continued to interpret doctors' guidelines in hospitals without discussing their scope. However, the Supreme Court presented a meaningful decision outlining the conceptual limits and the scope of medical practice. The court suggested, basing its interpretation in the goal of clarifying the concept of medical activities smoothly, was to follow a specific judgment on the levels of education, testing, and professionalism. CONCLUSION: The role of physical therapists is expanding in this country, in order to meet the needs of the ultra-aged society. Education is already responding to rising training needs. By dividing the doctors' guidelines into indirect and direct types, if there's no medical risk near or around the health center or hospital, it is a good idea to allow the management of physical therapy partially, while understanding the scope and limitations of these guidelines clearly. A teleological interpretation of the law is especially relevant, and can be implemented immediately by the authoritative interpretation on part of the health authorities without any legal amendments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1133-1139
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• 2013

Background: In India, tobacco consumption is responsible for one of the highest rates of oral cancer in the world, the annual oral cancer incidence is steadily increasing among young tobacco users. Studies have documented efforts taken by physicians, doctors and even dentists, in the form of individual or group counseling to curb tobacco use in smoke or smokeless form. However, which one is more effective, still remains an unanswered question. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of individual and group counseling for cessation of the tobacco habit amongst industrial workers in Pune and to compare quit rates. Materials and methods: An interventional study design was selected for 150 industrial workers which were stratified randomly into three groups (control, individual and group counseling groups) and interventions were provided to individual and group counseling groups over a period of six months, which were then compared with the control group that received brief intervention at the start of the study. Results: There was significant difference in the quit rates of the participants in the individual counseling group (ICG) and group counseling group (GCG) when compared at 6 months with the control counseling group (CCG). In the individual counseling group was 6% while in group counseling group it was 7.5% after six months of counseling. Conclusions: No conclusion could be drawn whether individual or group counseling were better interms of quit rates. Individual and group counseling groups were definitely better than the control group when compared at 3 and 6 months, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

This study compared and analyzed the levels of expectations of specialized hospitals, and the recognition of professional competency in specialized hospitals for the general public aged 20 years or older and those professionals on the hospital staffs who had more than three years of experience. The research period ran from July 2018 to May 2019. T-test and regression analysis were used for the analysis of the data. Research result; There was no difference in the level of expectations for the specialized hospitals between the general public and the hospital staffs. It was shown that the professional factor affecting subjective expectations of the specialized hospitals was a difference in the way of thinking between the general public and the hospital staff. The professional factor affecting the expected level of hospital use for the general public and hospital staffs was confidence in the doctors. However, the professional factors affecting the credibility of doctors differed between the general public and the hospital staff. The factor for the general public was excellent technical skill in the field, and the factor for the hospital staff was the specialized ability of doctor and their years of medical service. It is thought that efforts are needed to reduce the difference between the perception of hospital staff and that of the general public in order for specialized hospitals to continue to develop.