• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.175-204
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• 2016

This study drew four essential literacies for adult's daily life through analyzing the concepts of the 'skill' in PIAAC, and also investigated current literacy programs for adult users in Korean public libraries. Finally on those results, this study suggested a literacy program model with an illustrated action plan for adult users of pubic libraries. A suggested model is planed an intergrated program that make users can acquire four essential literacies through participating in a single program. This model is characterized by self-directed learning by the users and can be applied freely to various subjects and user groups. The model consists of six components and seven steps. Six components are target, theme, strategy, tool, material, assessment. Seven steps are targeting, selecting theme, strategy planning, documentation, action, assessing. This model is named $6{\times}7$ model on the basis of components and steps.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.133-156
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• 2012

This paper briefly charts the history of excrement as part of the late 20th-century art and explores ways in which excrement functions in the realms of 'High' art. From Piero Manzoni's to David Hammons' performance , excrement has taken a small yet distinctively important part in the development of contemporary art. In an attempt to challenge the hegemony of 'high' art, on the one hand, and resist the commercialization and fetishization of art, on the other, Manzoni allegedly offered his own "shit" preserved in a tin can and sold it at the price of gold of the same weight. Andy Warhol took the legendary Abstract-Expressionist painter Jackson Pollock as the object of parody, simulating Pollock's dripping action by pissing onto the canvas that had been primed with copper-based paint. Warhol's urination produced splashes and stains of iridescent colors just as the patterns on ordinary abstract paintings. In contrast to Pollock's masculine action, Warhol's pissing alludes to the artist's homosexuality. Excrements in art also provoked controversies, debates, and even acts of vandalism against the artworks. The works of Andres Serrano and Chris Ofili infuriated many Christians for the blasphemous use of excrement with religious icons. Politicians engaged in the heated debates on the use of public and national funds in support of some of the 'politically incorrect' contemporary art. In the midst of media sensation and criticisms, these works challenged the conventional understanding of artistic beauty. The preexisting artworks were also targeted. African-american artist Hammons assumed the role of spectator in by urinating on Richard Serra's sculpture in the street of New York City. It was an act condemnation levelled at the racist pattern of the way in which large portions of funds and commisions of "public" art tended to promote established 'white' artists, whose work or creative process often failed to reflect the actual public. The use of excrement in art is not unusual in contemporary art practices. With its subversive power, excrement plays an important critical roles in the shaping of contemporary art.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.315-324
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• 2009

Public institutions guaranteed exclusive position of core business are likely to be inefficient in management. Past governments made various efforts to innovate public institutions. Participatory government drove innovation of public institutions through Ministry of Planning and Budget, and this innovation policy had problems as followings: shortage of common sense of innovation, lack of understanding of innovation, gradual execution of innovation instead of system innovation for business innovation, lack of consideration of characteristics of various public innovation, overlapping of evaluation system, and nonobjective design of evaluation indicator. MB government has diverse assignments for improvement of these problems as followings: transformation of business mind, voluntary participation of employee, improvement of management system of public institutions, reform of business evaluation system, promotion of internal competition, and construction of performance based business system. What is the most important point for successful reform of public institution is to achieve the support of general public with effective action plan and substantial programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.1 s.21
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) observed by means of bromodeoxyuridine substitution and fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) technique were proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in short-term cultures of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the relation between anticancer agents and cytotoxic effects. Chromosomal analysis was performed on metaphase cells that had divided one, two, or three or more times after treatment for SCEs, mitotic indices (MI) and cell cycle kinetics by FPG technique. The results indicate that anticancer agents led to a dose dependent increase in SCE frequency except methotrexate. But, highly inhibited mitotic indices and delayed cell cycle kinetics were observed except for cyclophosphamide. The author suggest that the difference of SCE frequency is due to the differences in the cytotoxic action of anticancer agents, but although the induction of SCEs has a correlation with cell cycle delay, in some cases the induction of SCEs is not always related to cell cycle delay because of different cytotoxic action of anticancer agents.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.209-234
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• 2007

Recently, balanced scorecard is widely used in the public sector as well as in the private sector. Balanced scorecard system of a particular hospital is a very useful tool in the sense that it shows various measures for the management including the traditional financial measures. However, since it does not show the impact of action items, managers have to analyze his potential decisions. On the other hand, a system dynamics model for the management of a hospital can be used to predict future management status. In this paper, a balanced scorecard system with a system dynamics model is developed for a small sized hospital, and the feasibility and applicability of the system have been tested. It turns out the combination of the balanced scorecard and system dynamics technique can be comprised each other. The balanced scorecard system can take advantage of the data forecasted by the system dynamics model including the implementation of action items taken today. On the other hand, the key performance indicators and action items from the balanced scorecard system provide guidelines the scope and direction of the system dynamics model. The additional efforts of developing a system dynamics model are well compensated by the additional colorful functionalities of the system. This paper also covers the future research areas for the combined system to be more effectively developed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 1980

A few years ago a WHO Expert Committee stated: 'Smoking related diseases are such important causes of disability and premature death in developed countries that the control of cigarette smoking could do more to improve health and prolong life in these countries than any other single action in the whole field of preventive medicine.' (WHO TRS 568/1975) Indeed, so serious have been the consequences of smiting in the developed countries of North America and Europe that they could not be ignored. Let us look at the action taken in some of these countries. We may then be able to draw up some guidelines for the formulation of a national anti-smoking policy-guidelines applicable both to countries which already are experiencing the dreadful consequances of long-established and wide-spread smoking habits, and applicable also to countries where the 'smoking epidemic' is only noly beginning to bring its burden of disability and early death.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2004

Purpose: The study was done to analyze the concept of accountability. Method: This study adopts a methode of Walker and Avant(1995) for analysis. Result: The defining attributes of accountability are obligation(competency, implementation) of justification, explanation, reporting and disclosure one's action to whom, acception of the evaluation and sanction against results of one's action. The antecedents of accountability are competency, knowledge, skills, values, duty, obligation, authority, empowerment, responsibility, autonomy. The consequences are public safety, improvement of professionalism & healthcare quality, partnership and stress & strain. Conclusions: It is required to develop the ethical concept and theory construction for accountability.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 1982

Cyanide poisoning is expected to be antagonized by the administration of oxygen, when it is administered in combination with the conventional cyanide antidote, sodium thiosulfate. However, the antidotal efficacy and its exact mechanism of oxygen in cyanide poisoning is still a controversial one. To test the effect of oxygen on the antidotal action of thiosulfate in cyanide poisoning, author designed this study on the dose-mortality patterns for potassium cyanide in mice. Potency ratios derived from $LD_{50}$ values were compared in groups of mice treated with sodium thiosulfate alone and sodium thiosulfate with oxygen. These results indicated that oxygen enhances the antidotal effect of sodium thiosulfate, effectively. This fact demonstrates that oxygen is of importance in the treatment of cyanide poisoning.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2020

Soldiers can petition. You can file an action within the military to take action, but you are not satisfied and file a petition outside. However, if you try to resolve the petition with public opinion in mind, there are also side effects of defrauding and losing trust in the military. Military petitions must be organized and operated on legal grounds and experts, and results must be transparent and fair. Institutional efforts are needed to resolve petitions so that external petitions are not easily used as a pathway for smartphones to use in the territory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.264-266
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• 2017

정부(행정안전부)에서는 국가적인 재난관리체계를 갖추기 위해 재난관리책임기관을 대상으로 "공공기관 재난관리 평가"를 통해 재난관리체계를 갖추도록 유도하고 있고, 국가적으로 현장조치 행동매뉴얼에 대한 표준화를 제시하여 해당 지자체들이 지역특성을 반영하여 재난유형별 행동매뉴얼과 이를 통합하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 지자체와는 그 특성에 차이가 있는 공공기관이 현장조치 행동매뉴얼을 작성함에 있어 아직 정부의 표준화 방안을 제시하고 있지 않아 단순 양식과 작성방법만을 개정하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 공공기관의 현장조치 행동매뉴얼을 작성함에 있어 발생하는 문제점을 분석하고 이를 해결하기 위한 개선방안을 도출하여 공공기관의 현장조치 행동매뉴얼의 작성을 위해 연계성과 통일성을 확보한 개선방안을 제시하였다.