• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of social supports on the relationship between grief level and suicidal ideation of the elderly living alone. Methods: We analyzed data from a questionnaire administered to subjects aged 65 years or older living alone for a 2017 community mental health project in Gyeongnam S city. To investigate the moderating effects of variables, we conducted a hierarchial regression analysis and confirmed the change $R^2$. Results: When adjusted for education and economic level, grief level had not a direct impact on suicidal ideation. And it was found that interdependent social support was moderating variables in the relationship of grief level and suicidal ideation of the elderly living alone. Conclusions: There is a need for appropriate programs that reduce suicidal ideation and therefore suicidal action. Moreover, it is especially necessary to enhance interdependent social supports.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2011

Working in a research laboratory means exposure to a wide range of hazardous substances. Several studies indicated that laboratory workers, especially working with chemicals, might have an increased risk of certain cancers. However, exposure assessment data in laboratory settings are scarce. This study was performed to examine several approaches for quantitatively assessing the exposure levels to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among workers in chemistry laboratories. The list of 10 target VOCs, including ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol, dichlormethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, toluene, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, was determined through self-administered questionnaire for six chemistry research laboratories in a university, a government-funded research institute, or private labs. From September to December 2008, 84 air samples were collected (15 area samples, 27 personal time weighted samples, 42 personal task-basis short-term samples). Real time monitors with photo ionization detector were placed during the sampling periods. In this study, benzene was observed exceeding the action levels, although all the results were below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV). From the air sampling results, we concluded that (1) chemicals emitted during experiments could directly affect to neighbor office areas (2) chemical exposures in research laboratories showed a wide range of concentrations depending on research activities (3) area samples tended to underestimate the exposures relative to personal samples. Still, further investigation, is necessary for developing exposure assessment strategies specific to laboratories with unique exposure profiles.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.57-77
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• 2016

This paper analysis spatial correlation applying commercial activating factor and categories clusters among have homogeneity in garosu street which are rising commercial issue in residential district. Based on this research we can draw several implications. Firstly, Garosu street are forming unique space around fassion feature like clothes and food and Beverage stores are supporting main functions. secondly, in terms of utilization of semi-public space in individual buildings, main Street are using display goods and put product.Also restaurants and cafes are using public space as terrace seats. These results mean principal road emphasizes displaying and passing but inner road emphasizes taking a break and staying. Third, repetitive action between high rising vacancy and new building cause negative effects city decline and lossing identity. So residents and merchants should cooperate and make communities for sustainable district.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electroanalgeia and $\beta-endorphin$ action by acupuncture-like (Lof/Hil) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to acupuncture points. Twelve healthy adult male aged between 19 ann 25 were randomly assigned to TENS group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=6). Subjects of both groups were strongly stimulated TENS with 4 pps and $200{\mu}s$ for 30 minutes on the LI 3 and LI 10 meridian points of dominant am. Naloxone group was injected naloxone hydrochloride before TENS application. The experimental pain threshold was measured by chronaxie meter CX-2 on the distal end of radius just before and after TENS application. The levels of plasma $\beta-endorphin$ and ACTH. serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits before and after TENS application. In TENS group, there was a significant increase of experimental pain threshold (p<0.01), plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level (p<0.05), serum cortisol level (p<0,001) and urinary 17-OHCS levels (p<0.05) after TENS application. The plasma ACTH level was not significantly increased, but it showed an increasing tendency. In naloxone group, although there was a decreasing trend, ACTH and cortisol level did not show a significant change, but $\beta-endorphin$ and 17-OHCS level were significantly decreased (p<0.01). The result of this study stewed that acupuncture-like TENS induced analgesic effect, such that the levels of plasma $\beta-endorphin$, plasma ACTH, serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were concomitantly increased with experimental pain threshold. It is suggested that the analgesic mechanism of the acupuncture-like TENS probably related to endogenous opioid component such as $\beta-endorphin$.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.323-327
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• 2001

March 19, 1999, the renovation qf the runway of the Bo-Fai ai1field in Hua Hin, Prachubk-erikhan, Thailand, unearthed chemicals which were left over from the project "anch Hand Operation" held during the Vietnam war era. The chemical mixtures were analyzed by the US EPA, the Department oj Medical Sciences (DMSc), Ministry oj Public Health (MoPH) and the Pollution Control Department (PCD), the Ministry oj Science Technology and Environment (MOSTE) of Thailand, The samples were found to contain several defoliants used in the operation. They were 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Dicamba, Cocydelic acid, and Dioxins. Due to the complexity of the issue, the multiplicity of possible health effects, and the socio-economic implications for imports and exports, the Thai Society of Toxicology submitted a proposal to request World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. The assistance is for the area of chemical safety and called for immediate action to explore the magnitude qf risk involved with Dioxins. In this paper we present our approach to health risk assessment which takes into an account the epidemiological studies of high-risk group exposed to the Ranch Hand operation. Dioxins are endocrine disruption chemicals which public concerns are developed due to presumption that a hazard exists (www.eva.gov/dioxins/html) for which current methodologies are deemed insufficient. The recent concepts of how oxidative stress toxicants may affect health end points and biomarkers of exposure of exposed individuals are discussed. While research activities are undergoing, The Thai Society of Toxicology do not anticipate significant risk to local residents and the environment due to our concurrence with opinion from the international experts invited by the World Health Organization proposed to the local experts at a workshop in Bangkok.n Bangkok.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

Slogan is used widely from the political action to the area of advertisement that brings companies and products out. It gives a good image to the public and customers. In addition, the more the attitude of the public or customers is lukewarm, the more the appeal of the slogan is great. With the advent of the 21st century, it is time for the University where students become consumers to establish a groundbreaking brand identity strategy with increasing the university's brand value and awareness in rapidly changing environment. The UI Emblem of the University is related to University's identity and slogan must be fresh and appealing, should reflect the core values of brand. In this study, I researched the design relationship between emblem and slogan, visual elements of the UI which should be designed as a strategic marketing program with change of era and lifestyle and proposed the ideas which create mutual synergy effect.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.72-82
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• 2016

Various studies have been done in medical service area but they have just focused on the examination of the relationships between cause and effect variables. This study, thus, empirically analyzed qualitative data regarding medical service problems using word cloud technique. The major results of the paper are as follows. The data reveal ten sources in medical service - forced treatment, excess inspection, misdiagnosis, carelessness, inexperienced service, waiting for emergency, reservation problem, unkindness, process problem, and inconvenience. Major words in the category of irrecoverable service failure are misdiagnosis, careless treatment, and inexperienced service whereas those in recoverable service failure are unkind attitude and negative experience in reservation system. Those who experienced a medical service problem are usually engaged in a public act and they make public protests and legal action against very severe problems. The conclusion of this study also suggests a summary, implication, and agenda of the research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2003

This study was conducted to contribute to the basic data for decisions on environment policy improvement in health promotion for students in elementary, middle and high schools. This study was carried out to investigate the extent of indoor air pollution in elementary, middle and high schools in residential, traffic congestional and industrial areas. The concentrations of major indoor air pollutants(carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, respiratory particulate, radon) and thermocircumstance (temperature, relative humidity, intensity of illumination) indices were observed from June to August 2000. As results of the survey, the mean values of thermocircumstance in school were $26.94{\pm}1.15^{\circ}C$ of temperature, $68.88{\pm}5.31%$ of humidity and $268.26{\pm}164.60$ Lux of intensity of illumination. The mean concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, respiratory particulate were $8.36{\pm}0.29\;ppm$, $547.66{\pm}175.58\;ppm$, $36.23{\pm}48.39\;{\mu}g/m3$, respectively. These values were lower than those of the indoor environmental standard on the first clause of Article 45 of public utilization service notified public hygiene of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The mean concentration of radon was $20.07{\pm}17.95\;Bq/m3$. Which was below the U.S. EPA radon action level.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.950-962
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the effect of the number of viewers and the number of running screens in the theater, genres of the movies and holdback period on the number of purchases movie VOD contents. In this paper, we deals with the 169 movies VOD consumption data which the digital cable TV subscribers purchased during the third quarter of 2013. As a result of the research, the average number of VOD purchases per each movie is 2,540. Regression analysis proves that the number of running screens and the holdback period are statistically playing a role of significance in movie VOD purchases. But the number of viewers in the theaters is not of significance. By genres, the result is shown as in this order: SF/fantasy 8,401 > dramas 4,011 > comedies 2,011 > action 1,789 > animation 1,138 > love story/melo 1,119 > horror/thriller 770 > erotic movies 636.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.195-217
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• 2005

Individual recognizes knowledge sharing as a transaction action. This transaction occurring in knowledge sharing is considered as a special and complicated transaction derived from employee's relationship rather than a economic transaction. In addition, It is important that knowledge sharing among individuals is established through a closed interrelationship with situation. In this point of view, knowledge sharing can be explained by a social exchange relationship. Therefore, there are two study's purpose as follows. First, The study draws factors affecting to knowledge sharing in the view of social exchange theory. The study reviews factors that are presented at previous social exchange theories and affecting to knowledge sharing focused on organization contingency traits, relationship traits, and individuals traits among individuals in an organization. Second, even though trust and organization involvement is resulted in above affecting factors, most previous studies are mainly examined as the same level to other factors affecting to knowledge sharing. Thus, this paper focused that the above factors affect to trust and organization involvement that affect to knowledge sharing intention. That is, this study presents that when affecting factors mediate trust and involvement, there is a knowledge sharing intention for creating organization knowledge. For the study, 160 government employees are administered for the survey so that the research model and hypothesis are developed. Empirical study shows that in public organizations knowledge sharing affects to relationship traits factors and individuals traits affects trust and organization involvement. Also, it is examined that trust and organization involvement affecting to knowledge sharing intention in such a sequence.