• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.99-102
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• 2007

Underground passage shopping center which is one of the underground space is a public facility. Therefore, underground passage shopping center needs physical environment that everyone (such as ordinary adults, seniors, disabled and ETC) could use it without any difficulties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the application of universal design into main entrance space of underground passage shopping center. The scope of this research was adjusted as 8 underground passage shopping centers that are located in Seoul. Spacial scope of the research was set as public space such as main entrance space, slope way, stairway of underground passage shopping center and the content of scope of this research was the application of universal design. The conclusion of this research is as following. First, public space of underground passage shopping center needs physical environmental improvement for the convenient usage for seniors and disabled. Second, the application of universal design is needed for public space for shelter and rescue of underground passage shopping center. Third, Underground passage shopping center needs a plan to minimize the safety infringement of user by commercial activity of stores in it.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.234-242
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• 2010

In order to make an effective use of spatial resources in the city, detailed environmental plan strategies based on 'culture' are needed. An integral part of city spaces-'underground space' serves as one of the spatial resources with much effective usage potentials. Hence, 'underground space' needs cultural vitality. The purpose of this study is to propose an thorough indoor environmental plan guideline for the cultural vitality of 'underground space'. The methods used to conduct research include precedent study reviews and survey. Through this research, following conclusions are drawn. First, to promote cultural vitality at the 'underground space', it must be transformed into the cultural public place to be utilized for cultural activities by residents. Second, the 'underground space' requires 'concept of eco-friendly space for clean environment'. Third, 'safe environment' concept must be installed in the 'underground space' to promote the cultural vitality. Fourth, the 'underground space' requires 'complex/block level network plans between cultural spaces in addition to horizontal/vertical walking network between cultural environments in ground level and underground spaces. Fifth, the 'underground space' requires underground public cultural space plan through 'reasonable underground development with considerations of the facilities related to education, culture and history'. Sixth, 'public cultural space plan for various cultural spaces' and 'supply of space for cultural activities for residents and design plan for mutual culture exchange' are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.455-465
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• 2020

As cities continue to expand and additional underground structures are constructed, a policy is being planned to expand addresses, which are national framework data. In this study, the application scope of a proposed 3D (three-dimensional) mixed-use complex space for assigning 3D addresses was defined, based on past research on 3D address systems and by analyzing related laws. Underpass shopping malls, underground walkways (excluding underground shopping malls), and 3D mixed-use transfer centers with a gross floor area of 2,000㎡ or more are connected with each space by underground walkways or public paths. In addition, the detailed space corresponding to the public space of the 3D mixed-use complex space was presented and distinguished from the space to which the detailed address is assigned. The criteria for setting the road section were presented based on the intermediate space, which is a characteristic of 3D mixed-use complex spaces. The proposed criteria were applied to the Express Bus Terminal station (3D mixed-use transfer center) and COEX mall (underpass shopping malls). Thus, the road section was set for an unfamiliar 3D mixed-use complex space. However, by applying the proposed criteria to various 3D mixed-use complex spaces, additional and detailed criteria for different cases should be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

The energy crisis is culminating for the life of the fossil fuel in the future which is come to end at $30{\sim}40$ years. Moreover above 90% of the energy in our country depend on importing and the crisis is more seγious than it of other countries. So architects devote low energy house research and it means underground space research have become public opinion. But there is not an accurate and utility method calculating the heating load of underground space. In this study it is proposed that the heating load is calculated by setting adiabatic thichness of soil and predicting underground temperature. The prediction of the underground temperature is calculated by the latitude, the level, the distance from sea, the condition of earth surface.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.248-258
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• 2021

24-hour monitoring is required to maintain the city's lifeline function in the underground facility for public utilities. And it is necessary to develop technology to exchange the shortage of human resources. It is difficult to reflect the specificity of underground space management in general management methods. This study proposes underground facility for public utilities digital twin system requirements. The concept of space is divided into physical space and virtual space, and the physical space constitutes the type and layout of the sensor that is the basis for the construction of the multimodal image sensor system, and the virtual space constitutes the system architecture. It also suggested system functions according to the task. It will be effective in preventing disasters and maintaining the lifeline function of the city through the digital twins.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.170-173
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• 2003

Because effect about environmental effect that get to human visually is absolute, ability that mural of subway interior considers relation with space is required. Also, public environment element should be designed must intend agreeableness sex by same traitor effect of quality of the material and color and can be evaluated by cultural inheritance that is powerful enemy same time. Wish to accomplish access as meaning of city environment improvement of wall of subway station or underground space etc. through Japan course South Korea's illustration regarding environment landscaping features that is designed in wall of latest domestic building subway interior in this research. Various and new reading by that study and analyze manufactured wall environment landscaping features recently that could find and was approached in variouser technique, practical use of material than single material and is expressed according to history's special quality and planning know can. Underground space can give agreeableness feel and psychological sense of security by user though expression method, material, color plan etc. consist because is having image blockade enemy. Therefore, wall environment landscaping features of underground space to be cultural value and environment Dija because diversified research that is accompanied in element is gone subway interior space of our country and underground space etc. as new culture space develop be able to must.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.469-478
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• 2023

The deep tunnel in urban area is a future-oriented construction plan that allows the above-ground space to be used as an eco-friendly park and transportation infrastructure to be constructed in the underground space. However, tunnel construction is often depicted as to cause ground collapse in some media and movies. In fact, while the construction of a deep tunnel in the urban area is underway, the project face with difficulties due to opposition complaints from residents near the route. In this study, we sought to identify perceptions on deep space development and citizen concerns through a public opinion survey regarding deep tunnels. By analyzing laws relevant with the promotion of deep tunnel construction, we reviewed the possibility of public engagement at each stage of the construction and investigated separated surface rights related to compensation for underground space. Through the results of the public opinion survey, it was identified that the concerns of citizens were problems that current technology could solve. Citizen's concerns were improved into a system that confirmed the stability of tunnel construction through public participation, and improvement measures were presented to encourage cooperation from those concerned regarding the establishment of divided superficies.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 2014

Underground shopping center has become a important commercial facility due to their good accessibility to the public transport. However, underground shopping center has high risk of air contaminants emission like formaldehyde and lowered indoor air quality. In this study, formaldehyde concentration of the underground shopping center was estimated according to the renovation and characteristics of space. It was found that newly renovated underground shopping center has low formaldehyde concentration. In case of closed entrance type, the formaldehyde concentration was 320 % higher than open type. Formaldehyde concentration was varied by product type and especially, high formaldehyde concentration was measured near the stores selling nail polish and cosmetics. It is important to apply appropriate ventilation system according to characteristics of space.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.371-384
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• 2021

Underground space, especially very-deep tunnel development in urban area, is a good alternative to solve the problem of insufficient ground space, and the need for underground space development is steadily increasing. However, due to the complex and time-consuming nature of design and construction, public conflicts related to the deep tunnel project are getting aggravating and more complex. In addition, since the public budget is mainly invested, when civil complaints arise, they often respond passively, resulting in amplification of conflicts or prolonging the deadlock in many cases. In this study, by analyzing the progress of major conflicts related to the construction of very-deep tunnels in urban area, the causes of conflicts, factors prolonging conflicts, and solutions are reviewed. Through a survey targeting ordinary citizens and tunnel experts, thoughts about the deep tunnel construction and major conflict factors were analyzed, and suggestions for minimizing conflicts were presented. The results of this study can be used to prepare alternatives such as various public involvement measures and improvement of project procedures to form a civic consensus on the construction of very-deep tunnels, and to prepare measures to improve prejudice against very-deep tunnels.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.157-166
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• 2006

Recently, it appears several counterproposals about desirable figures of urban architecture. All of them proposes 'publicity' with cohernt tendency. The reason why it concentrates quantitative expansion of city without united design by urban plannar is that neglect quality values of city. As a solution of poor environment, there cue out the various efforts, about problem of each building, problem of city space, problem of laws and so forth. The reason why necessity of public space was embossed in that architecture extend the activity of citizen and make up the city space. But, each building pursues the private interest, so it is difficult to secure a public space with a high hand. Thus, architecture law has been revised in 1991 and bring the system of open space to match up the publicity and the private interest. Actually, western country brought it and obtained excellent results. While quantity of open space have increased since 1991, a lot of problems revealed in real usage and quality. By means of problem's solution, this study focus on the diversion of recognition for necessity of various open space. In result, on the occasion of approach and openess, except for several building, most glass a facade and the pedestrian can approach easily. Moreover, office buildings near the subway station connected with their low floor. So, the office buildings give openess to pedestrian and a people can approach easily to the buildings. On the occasion of amenity, most have bank and lobby on the first floor and have facilities on the underground floor. It leave open. But the reason why they have bank and lobby is that the space is dry and boring(without elements of nature and rest space). Hence, to make a space full of vitality, it have to plan various design elements and facilities. First of all, plan of indoor public space have to make up facility for the public interest. This study is basic investigation for necessity of indoor public space and through the survey of office buildings, it analyze the character of plan and find out the method of publicity's realization.