• STI Policy Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-61
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• 2017

The literature in research policy extensively addresses the interaction between public R&D and the society. Scholars have paid particular attention to the way science and technology are diffused into the society and industry with the aim of substantiating their potential value. In practice, having recognized the importance of the said interaction, R&D entities and governmental organizations promote scientific and technological innovations that result from their R&D activities. Yet, the nature of news media exposure as their primary channel to promote R&D outcomes has been remarkably understudied. Using the results of R&D projects supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), this study examines R&D entities' strategic use of the news media to publicize their outcomes. The empirical results suggest that the scale of an R&D project positively affects the counts of media exposure of its R&D outcomes, whereas the level of technology readiness and the technology life-cycle do not have significant influence. In addition, the results suggest that, compared to senior researchers, young researchers are more likely to publicize their R&D outcomes and that R&D outcomes from highly ranked universities are more likely to be publicized than those from lower-ranking universities despite our control for R&D outcomes. The aforementioned results suggest that in promoting the diffusion of science and technology, especially to the public, policymakers should be concerned about incentives for those who provide techno-scientific information, such as researchers. The social need for the diffusion of techno-scientific information into the public (e.g., technology transfer and diffusion) is an insignificant factor in determining the media exposure of such information, whereas personal benefits and sensitive issues related to a researcher's own R&D activities (e.g., justification for R&D activities) drive researchers to publicize their R&D outcomes. This paper suggests that policymakers, especially those concerned with better diffusion of scientific and technological innovations need to design a proper incentive system to maximize the societal benefits of media exposure.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 2008

Traditionally R&D evaluation has been performed by experts who can understand the contents of the study area very well. Recently extensive application of quantitative evaluation methods have been attempted for introducing the administrative management system that poses greater importance on records and results. More objective reviews on the R&D outcomes are called for gaining public supports. In this paper a bibliometrical analysis is to be performed to evaluate satellite communication and broadcasting public R&D outcomes for last 7 years. Data envelopment analysis method is selected for evaluating the efficiencies of multiple outputs (papers, patents, royalties, technology transfers) where multiple inputs (number of researchers and R&D expenses) are given. R&D outcomes from 22 research institutes are being compared and satellite communication and broadcasting R&D efforts turn out to be highly efficient.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1829-1837
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• 2010

During the last year, public expenditures which provided the central and local governments for boosting research and development (R&D) activities of the private sector has been constantly increasing. 17 percent of public total R&D expenditure supported to private sector and 9 percent of R&D expenditure in service sector were public R&D funding. However, studies evaluating the impact of public R&D subsidies are quite few. The aim of this study empirically investigate the average effects of public R&D subsidies on the innovation activities in private sector, specifically those engaged in Korean service firms by using Propensity Score Matching(PSM) method. The effect of R&D subsidies is derived from either qualitative and quantitative outcomes of innovation activities, which is defined as the difference between innovation outcome of the treatment group (receiving R&D subsidies) and that of the control group (non receiving R&D subsidies) after the matching method. As a result of empirical analysis, government R&D grants stimulate only firm-first innovation outcomes in service firms. It is represent that public R&D subsidies cannot be contributed to level of national innovation and the total amount of national innovation activities but can enhance firm competitiveness from increasing firm-first innovation activities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.53-69
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• 2019

Purpose - National scientific technology R&D investment is exceeding 60 trillion won per year, and the results of patent applications and technology transfers are visually improving. However, despite the improving research results of national R&D, the practical results of technology startups are mediocre. It is now time to expand the construction of the technology commercialization ecosystem, where the expansion of national R&D leads to the results of technology startups. Therefore, this study discussed the measures to increase the competitiveness of technology startups through the factual survey of the companies that benefitted from R&D support programs. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targeted 996 companies that benefitted from the R&D projects of the Technology Transfer Center for National R&D Programs, and deducted itemized issues through the survey replies. Survey questions were prepared to estimate the national R&D results, and the technology recognition path, the purpose of detailed introduction of the technology, investment of the commercialization fund, economic results, and the factors of success and failure were analyzed. Results - As for the recognition rate of technology during the process of corporate technology commercialization through the technology transfer, recognition through project participation showed a high response rate, and diverse implications of technology commercialization were deducted through the analysis of economic results. As for the resolution alternatives, the proliferation of technology commercialization platform that can create excellent technology for the companies in early stages and the measure of expanding the distribution of technology infrastructure were suggested. In this study, public technology commercialization strategy is established, and the innovative marketing strategy is presented. Conclusions - This study reveal that the result of creating scientific technology jobs should be deducted, in order to produce the revolutionary results of job creation by suggesting the success models of technology commercialization based on domestic scientific technology. In particular, even though the support systems for public research results are being diversely suggested, accurate studies on their actual conditions are currently lacking. Therefore, this study suggest realistic political alternatives to assure results in the process of public technology commercialization, by examining the current state of public research results of R&D support institutions and diagnosing the issues.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2019

Purpose - Research on the ability of domestic public institutions to conduct business is being conducted. Research on government support policy for public technology projects, emphasizes technology creation. Public agencies are encouraging evolutionary barriers at the stage of realistic business. This paper presents the policy possibilities by presenting policies and strategies based on corporate public policy. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, we surveyed the actual state of public technology commercialization based on the data on state of technology commercialization of public institutions. We collected and analyzed the literature data to enhance the competitiveness of technology commercialization by identifying success cases of public technology commercialization. In Korea, there are not many research papers that provide policy alternatives for technical commercialization of public research institutes. Therefore, in this paper, we review various government policies and check the status of technology commercialization to increase its value. Results - As a result of this study, it is suggested that various policy development is necessary for the commercialization of public technology, because it is important to increase the value of technology users, suppliers, investors and customers through various network activation. In particular, it is necessary to establish differentiated Korean public technology commercialization model for the proliferation of public technology commercialization by presenting methodical model of technical commercialization. Conclusions - Through this study, it is important to raise the competitiveness of domestic public technology commercialization, to create economic value, and to improve the performance of technology commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to contribute to the creation of research achievement, research method of excellent technology, and method of commercializing technology, and to create achievement of technical commercialization in the future. In addition, from the viewpoint of commercialization of technology, strategies for creating value through utilization of public technology should be prepared, and a plan for mutual prosperity among domestic companies should be prepared. Policy alternatives of various public technology commercialization to build national competitiveness have been developed, and various examples of performance for the performance of public technology commercialization should be derived.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.425-438
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• 2015

This study proposes a three-stage model of R&BD performance which captures commercialization outcomes as well as conventional R&D performance. The model is composed of three factors : inputs (R&D budgets and researchers), outputs (patents and papers), and outcomes (technical fees, products sales, and cost savings). Three stages are defined for each transformation process between the three factors : efficiency stage from input to output (stage 1), effectiveness stage from output to outcome (stage 2), and productivity stage from input to outcome (stage 3). The performance of each stage is measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a non-parametric efficiency measurement technique that has widely been used in R&D performance measurement. We measure the performance of 171 projects of 6 public R&BD programs managed by Seoul Business Agency using the proposed three-stage model. In order to provide a balanced and holistic view of R&BD performance, the R&BD performance map is also constructed based on performance of efficiency and productivity stages.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-222
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• 2011

The Korean government continuously increases the R&D investment in order to pursue an economic growth through technological innovation. Hence, the intensity of governmental R&D has increased rapidly. However, the whole amount of the R&D investment is still small compared to developed countries. And the type of R&D policies is more and more changing from the catch-up model to the technology-driven model. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the efficiency of public R&D investment. Hence, many studies on the efficiency of R&D investment have been researched. This study estimated the efficiency of governmental R&D programs considering the technological outcomes, e.g. theses, patents and so on, using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) with data of S&T investment and outcomes from NTIS(National S&D Information Service). In addition, we used the Mann-Whitney Test to investigate the characteristics of governmental R&D investment.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.552-577
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• 2011

We have analyzed technology transfer and commercialization process and factors affecting the outcomes of technology commercialization of public research institutes in Korea. A technology commercialization process model was presented as an input, intermediate outcomes/capabilities, output (outcome) structure using the structural equation model. Input variables include R&D input, technology commercialization strategy/support, collaboration, social capital. The model also includes R&D capabilities and technology commercialization performance as intermediate variable and output variable respectively. The technology commercialization performance was measured as the number of technology transfer and spin-off. We conducted survey and 88 institutes responded. Empirical results show that R&D input influence R&D capabilities and R&D capabilities influence the output of technology transfer and commercialization. Collaboration activities and social capital also appear to have a positive effect on the output. However, the effect of strategy and support on the output appear to be not statistically significant.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to increase the effect of public technology transfer through government R&D support to secure the competitiveness of public technology startups. The government's R&D budget in 2019 is over 20 trillion won, and there is a legitimate need to increase the performance of technology startups through such R&D results. Research design, data, and methodology- In this paper, we comprehensively analyzed the current status of public research institutes and R&D support projects suitable for founders and analyzed and presented cases of follow-up research conducted by the Institute of Science and Technology Jobs to analyze actual performance cases of R&D support institutes. Results- In this conclusion, a developmental model of public technology entrepreneurship was proposed to increase the performance of public technology commercialization with the scalability of research institutions. In order to create a public technology information system between consumers and suppliers, a Steinweiss-type technology commercialization model for public technology commercialization, and a job-creating enterprise-type linkage R&D support business model were presented to create the results of R&D support organizations. Conclusions- Through the results of this study, it is meaningful to analyze the performance cases of technology commercialization of R&D support institutions, which have not been studied so far, to build competitiveness of research institutions and to present a growth model for the spread of technology startups. This study has implications in terms of suggesting a way to build competitiveness in technology commercialization between market demanders and suppliers by linking existing public technology startups, which deviated from the simple commercialization support system, with job creation by expanding the R&D support system.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 2013

R&D is inherently an uncertain endeavor, yet now more than ever those performing R&D with public funding are called upon to clarify the utility of their research. Calls for public accountability are mounting with the increase in constraints on government budgets due to the recent worldwide economic recession, in response to which both policymakers and researchers pay much more attention to rigorously assessing publicly funded R&D. A key issue complicating R&D evaluation in these circumstances is how to adequately account for the nature and degree of risk involved in a given R&D program or project. This study deliberates on certain issues involving the measurement of ex-ante risk in public R&D evaluation: (i) information asymmetry between R&D sponsors and performers, (ii) ambiguity in the measurement of returns in both prospective and retrospective evaluation, and (iii) the dilemma between measurement error and omitted variable bias for empirical estimation of R&D performance. The study then presents an analysis of hypothetical evaluation results that apply risk-relevant weights to the annual evaluation outcomes of South Korea's national R&D programs funded during 2006~2012. In this counterfactual re-evaluation of public R&D program performance, high-risk R&D programs turn out to receive higher evaluation than non-high-risk programs. The current study suggests that R&D evaluation ignoring ex-ante risk is not only conceptually invalid since R&D activities are intrinsically uncertain endeavors, but unfair as R&D performers are asked to be accountable for the results that were in fact out of their reach.