• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.413-429
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• 2021

Background: Migraine headaches are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and are responsible for significant morbidity, reduction in the quality of life, and loss of productivity on a global scale. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine on migraines and other primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other active interventions, such as midazolam, metoclopramide/diphenhydramine, and prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine. Methods: An electronic search of databases published up to February 2021, including Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, a hand search of the bibliographies of the included studies, as well as literature and systematic reviews found through the search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating ketamine in the treatment of migraine/headache disorders compared to the placebo. The authors assessed the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Results: The initial search strategy yielded 398 unduplicated references, which were independently assessed by three review authors. After evaluation, this number was reduced to five RCTs (two unclear risk of bias and three high risk of bias). The total number of patients in all the studies was 193. Due to the high risk of bias, small sample size, heterogeneity of the outcomes reported, and heterogeneity of the comparison groups, the quality of the evidence was very low. One RCT reported that intranasal ketamine was superior to intranasal midazolam in improving the aura attack severity, but not duration, while another reported that intranasal ketamine was not superior to metoclopramide and diphenhydramine in reducing the headache severity. In one trial, subcutaneous ketamine was superior to saline in migraine severity reduction; however, intravenous (I.V.) ketamine was inferior to I.V. prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine in another study. Conclusion: Further double-blind controlled studies are needed to assess the efficacy of ketamine in treating acute and chronic refractory migraines and other primary headaches using intranasal and subcutaneous routes. These studies should include a long-term follow-up and different ketamine dosages in diagnosed patients following international standards for diagnosing headache/migraine.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.311-334
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present the theoretical basis and quantified objective standards for the establishment of collection management policy. The study results are summarized as follows. Most of the study books were in the form of periodicals as a steady seller. Most of the steady sellers were textbooks which published periodically. As a modern novel, a steady seller was able to confirm the phenomenon of dependence on a specific author. Bestsellers were investigated to be influenced by publishers and authors. Books of publishers that publish comics and children's textbooks had a significant correlation with the selection of bestsellers. The average number of recommended books borrowed per recommended book was 14,871. The average number of loans per book selected as a bestseller was 53,531. Based on the loan data, about 80-82% of all top-tier loans were covered by 90%, and about 27-29% of all top-ranked loans were covered by 50%. This shows that the Pareto Principle can be firmly applied to public library lending patterns. Loans in the field of literature accounted for 50.6% of the total loans. Among literature, Korean literature accounted for 51.3% of the total. The natural sciences were generating more loans with a relatively small pool of literature compared to other subject fields.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.191-216
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• 2017

Recently, according to demands for a mobility right of people with disabilities, the use of powered mobility device has been rapidly increased and recharging facilities have been set up in many places of country. But the standards for the installation and management of the facilities are not clear and many problems are brought up in operating the facilities. Therefore, regulations and realities of recharging facilities were investigated and the user survey was progressed. On the basis of the research results, a rational and efficient installation and management plan was drawn up. The plan suggests that the recharging facilities should be installed in a building managed by government and many kinds of public building like library, theater, sports facilities, department store, museum, etc. Further, the recharging facilities should secure independent place which have specified area for protecting of privacy and provide some amenities for people with disabilities to enhance the conveniences.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-48
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• 2019

This study reviews the basics of earthquake preparedness from several archives and international cases of earthquake damage and restoration to establish an earthquake preparedness plan in Korean archives. The results of the study are as follows: first, to establish the direction of an earthquake preparedness plan, the study summarizes the basic characteristics of an earthquake and its damages, as well as applies the key elements of disaster preparedness planning after reviewing its basic principles. Second, the study analyzes four international cases that may have significant implications for the earthquake preparedness plan in Korea. Given this, four international cases present lessons and limitations such as the book dropping of a library in Japan, the collapse of archives in Germany, damaged archives because of a massive earthquake in New Zealand, and earthquake preparedness and recovery plans in cultural heritage sectors. Third, to apply the information from overseas cases to domestic, the study examines the lessons, the key elements of earthquake preparedness planning, and the public record standard for Korean archives through the mutual linking process, as well as issues that should be considered. The issues reviewed in this study could help Korean archives establish a realizable earthquake preparedness plan in the future.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.183-205
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• 2021

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effectiveness of maxillary stabilization splint (SS) therapy to reduce headache (HA) intensity and HA frequency in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)-HA comorbidity. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using full-arch coverage, hard resin, and maxillary SS therapy were included. Electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE through PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE, were searched. The risk of bias was analyzed based on Cochrane's handbook. The search yielded 247 references up to January 28, 2020. Nine RCTs were included at a high risk of bias. The comparison groups included other splints, counseling, jaw exercises, medications, neurologic treatment, and occlusal equilibration. Four studies reported a statistically significant reduction in HA intensity, and five studies reported significant improvement in HA frequency from baseline at 2-12 months in patients with TMD-HA comorbidity treated with a full-arch hard maxillary SS. HA frequency in tension-type HA (TTH) comorbid with TMD diagnoses of myofascial pain (MFP) or capsulitis/synovitis improved significantly with SS than that with full-arch maxillary non-occluding splint (NOS) in two studies. Comparison groups receiving hard partial-arch maxillary splint nociceptive trigeminal inhibition (NTI) showed statistically significant improvements in HA intensity in patients with mixed TMD phenotypes of MFP and disc displacement comorbid with "general HA." Comparison groups receiving partial-arch maxillary resilient/soft splint (Relax) showed significant improvements in both HA intensity and frequency in patients with HA concomitant with MFP. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the improvement of pain intensity at 2-3 months with comparison of the splints (partial-arch soft [Relax], hard [NTI], and full-arch NOS) or splint use compliance at 6-12 months with comparison of the splints (partial-arch Relax and full-arch NOS) versus the SS groups in patients with various TMD-HA comorbidities. In conclusion, although SS therapy showed a statistically significant decrease in HA intensity and HA frequency when reported, the evidence quality was low due to the high bias risk and small sample size. Therefore, further studies are required.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.17-30
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• 2001

In this paper, we implemented a scalar multiplier needed at an elliptic curve cryptosystem over standard basis in $GF(2^{163})$. The scalar multiplier consists of a radix-16 finite field serial multiplier and a finite field inverter with some control logics. The main contribution is to develop a new fast finite field inverter, which made it possible to avoid time consuming iterations of finite field multiplication. We used an algorithmic transformation technique to obtain a data-independent computational structure of the Extended Euclid GCD algorithm. The finite field multiplier and inverter shown in this paper have regular structure so that they can be easily extended to larger word size. Moreover they can achieve 100% throughput using the pipelining. Our new scalar multiplier is synthesized using Hyundai Electronics 0.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS library, and maximum operating frequency is estimated about 140MHz. The resulting data processing performance is 64Kbps, that is it takes 2.53ms to process a 163-bit data frame. We assure that this performance is enough to be used for digital signature, encryption & decryption and key exchange in real time embedded-processor environments.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2002

In this paper we propos a new hardware architecture of modular exponentiation using a division chain method which has been proposed in (2). Modular exponentiation using the division chain is performed by receding an exponent E as a mixed form of multiplication and addition with divisors d=2 or $d=2^I +1$ and respective remainders r. This calculates the modular exponentiation in about $1.4log_2$E multiplications on average which is much less iterations than $2log_2$E of conventional Binary Method. We designed a linear systolic array multiplier with pipelining and used a horizontal projection on its data dependence graph. So, for k-bit key, two k-bit data frames can be inputted simultaneously and two modular multipliers, each consisting of k/2+3 PE(Processing Element)s, can operate in parallel to accomplish 100% throughput. We propose a new encoding scheme to represent divisors and remainders of the division chain to keep regularity of the data path. When it is synthesized to ASIC using Samsung 0.5 um CMOS standard cell library, the critical path delay is 4.24ns, and resulting performance is estimated to be abort 140 Kbps for a 1024-bit data frame at 200Mhz clock In decryption process, the speed can be enhanced to 560kbps by using CRT(Chinese Remainder Theorem). Futhermore, to satisfy real time requirements we can choose small public exponent E, such as 3,17 or $2^{16} +1$, in encryption and verification process. in which case the performance can reach 7.3Mbps.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.154-164
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• 2023

The Construction Technology Information System collects, processes, and provides the public with free of charge 16 types of construction technology-related texts or index information, such as construction standards, construction practices, and construction reports, required at construction sites to enhance domestic construction technology. This study judged that user satisfaction could be increased if the budget was allocated first to the most effective construction technology information DB establishment. For each type of construction technology information, the level of satisfaction felt by the population for the quantity provided and the value of use according to the acquisition and utilization of information were investigated. Reliability between independent variables and dependent variables through a multiple regression analysis process to identify how the demographic characteristics of the population affect user satisfaction and the factors that affect the use value of information for each type of construction technology information. and the correlation was analyzed. The correlation between the demographic characteristics of respondents and users' satisfaction with the provided quantity was generally low, but construction experience, age, etc. were found to have an effect on satisfaction with the provided quantity. In particular, among the demographic measurement items of respondents, the more construction experience they had, the higher their satisfaction level with the quantity provided of low-level technical standards, and it was analyzed that older age had an impact on satisfaction with the quantity provided for small and medium-sized business support information.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2024

Recently, the technology of autonomous driving, one of the core of the fourth industrial revolution, is developing, but sensor-based autonomous driving is showing limitations, such as accidents in unexpected situations, To compensate for this, HD-map is being used as a core infrastructure for autonomous driving, and interest in the public and private sectors is increasing, and various studies and technology developments are being conducted to secure the latest and accuracy of HD-map. Currently, NGII will be newly built in urban areas and major roads across the country, including the metropolitan area, where self-driving cars are expected to run, and is working to minimize data error rates through quality verification. Therefore, this study analyzes the spatial relationship of reference objects in the attribute structuring process for rapid and accurate renewal and production of HD-map under construction by NGII, By applying the attribute input automation methodology of the reference object in which spatial relations are established using the library of open source-based PyQGIS, target sites were selected for each road type, such as high-speed national highways, general national highways, and C-ITS demonstration sections. Using the attribute automation tool developed in this study, it took about 2 to 5 minutes for each target location to automatically input the attributes of the spatial relationship reference object, As a result of automation of attribute input for reference objects, attribute input accuracy of 86.4% for high-speed national highways, 79.7% for general national highways, 82.4% for C-ITS, and 82.8% on average were secured.

• Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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• v.1
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• pp.330-355
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• 2024

There are two main perspectives in Korea on Korean cultural heritage located overseas: one views it as items that need to be repatriated since they were scattered abroad under unfortunate historical circumstances. The other considers them as a means to more widely promote Korea's culture and long history. A shift in perspective has gradually been taking place in the decades since Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945. This can be noted through three major types of exhibitions. The first type is exhibitions of repatriated cultural heritage that showcase items that were illegally removed from the country but later returned or otherwise acquired through purchase or donation. The Special Exhibition of Returned Cultural Heritage, which was held in 1966 on the occasion of the normalization of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Japan, emphasized the legitimacy of reclaiming cultural properties that were illegally removed from Korea during the period of Japanese colonial rule. Around the 1990s, special exhibitions of private donations were held, which also highlighted the legitimacy of repatriation. The special exhibition of the Oegyujanggak Uigwe (Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty from the Outer Royal Library) held in 2011 was seen as an opportunity to raise public interest in repatriation, heal the wounds of history, and restore the nation's cultural pride. The second type of exhibition involves borrowing and displaying overseas Korean cultural heritage in accordance with a theme as a means to reenergize and provide a comprehensive view of Korean culture. The exhibitions National Treasures from the Goryeo Dynasty in 1995 and National Treasures from the Early Joseon Dynasty in 1997 (both held at the Hoam Museum of Art) and the Masterpieces of Goryeo Buddhist Painting held at the National Museum of Korea in 2010 underscored the importance of overseas Korean cultural heritage for exploring Korean cultural history. The third type is special exhibitions on the history of the collection of Korean cultural heritage. With Korea's economic growth in the 1980s and the increase in exhibitions and the number of galleries featuring Korean cultural heritage in overseas museums in the 1990s, interest in the history of acquisition also grew. Exhibitions like The Korean Collection of the Peabody Essex Museum in 1994 and Korean Art from the United States in 2012 introduced overseas galleries focused on Korean art and the diverse history of collecting Korean cultural properties. They also examined the perception of Korean art in the United States. These efforts heightened public interest in establishing and supporting Korean galleries abroad. The initiation of more systematic surveys and research on Korean cultural heritage located abroad and the contribution of overseas Korean cultural heritage to the enhancement of the local understanding and promotion of Korean culture have resulted in changes to the perception of overseas Korean cultural heritage in Korea.