• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.3347-3352
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• 2022

In 2013, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) changed the recommended maximum range of the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) to 30 km, and the Kori Nuclear Power Plant in Republic of Korea has also expanded the EPZ to 30 km, following the recommendation. As a result, metropolitan cities with a high population density are contained within the EPZ, and evacuating millions of people should be considered if the 30 km range of evacuation is to take place. This study proposes an evacuation plan using buses (public transportation) to transport people outside of the EPZ, quickly and efficiently. To verify the appropriate mode share ratio of buses that can guarantee the right of vulnerable road users and reduce traffic congestion, a model was built simulating the Kori Nuclear Power Plant in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The scenarios were established by changing the mode share ratio of buses and passenger cars by 10%. Considering a large-scale network analysis at the city level, a cell transmission model was applied to calculate the evacuation time in each scenario. The result shows that the optimal mode share ratio of buses is 40%, with a total evacuation time of 132 min, considering feasible bus fleets in Ulsan Metropolitan City.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

Currently, South Korea is exposed to various attacks of North Korea such as traditional, nuclear, and ABC weapons. Now it is hard to make an accurate estimate the damage may have been occurred to citizens due to those attacks. It is only possible to assume the rough outline. As a countermeasure to such military threats of North Korea, government-aided evacuation facilities services are going along across the board concerning the object, installation range, budget, and drawing standards. Whereas, in case of public evacuation facilities, there is no special regulation or principle in designation. Since various facilities are regarded as applicable, any protection against military threats can't be anticipated. In this study, military threats provoked by North Korea are figured out, thus the problem of plan and design that public evacuation facilities have are pointed out. This study suggest the result and proposal.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2019

In order to reflect complex and diverse building types, resident characteristics and disaster factors, it is necessary to introduce a flexible situation-based response system based on real-time information. Intelligent CCTV, hybrid sensor, location scanner, and customized broadcasting device were examined to introduce for the real-time response intelligent response system and its feasibility was verified through field test. In addition, based on the real-time information, the evacuation simulation was executed by assuming the dormitory building and the resident of the school, and the safety of the evacuation and the shortening of the pinnacle time were confirmed. The feasibility of real time information based evacuation comparing with the existing evacuation system were verified in the case of evacuation.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2021

The public relations room of the waste disposal facility is a space that can be visited by a large number of unevaluated personnel. Therefore, it is essential to design against fire, and research on fire and evacuation is essential. In this study, in order to evaluate the safety of the occupants in the event of fire and evacuation based on the life safety standards of occupants, the increase in risk due to heat, visible distance, and toxic gases on a plane 1.8m from the floor, which is the limit of breathing of the evacuee, over time. It was analyzed by location. As a result, the RSET of the P-01 exit was 93.0 seconds and the ASET was 272.6 seconds, the RSET of the P-02 exit was 45.8 seconds, the ASET was 147.7 seconds, the RSET of the P-03 exit was 106 seconds, and the ASET was 182.9 seconds.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.933-940
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• 2022

In this study, not only the increase in rainfall for a short period of time but also the increase in rainfall for a longer duration is frequently occurring according to climate change. Changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change are increasing damage to steep slopes. The Ministry of Public Administration and Security has been operating the criteria for evacuation of residents in steep slopes since 2015. However, the damage to steep slopes due to torrential rains in 2020 has been increasing. In this study, rainfall data from areas affected by steep slopes from 1999 to 2020 were collected and compared with the existing criteria(2015) for evacuation of residents at steep slopes of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and the status of the issuance of resident evacuation forecast was compared. Through this study, the rainfall criteria for each region were calculated and presented by reflecting the rainfall characteristics of the steep slope destruction area due to climate change, and it is believed that it can be used as a standard rainfall to reduce human casualties in the steep slope area in the future.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted with the aim of presenting spatial planning directions for evacuation spaces based on an analysis of the performance of horizontal evacuation during the early stages of fire incidents in a geriatric hospital. Methods: Based on a review of previous studies, the research model was designed by establishing occupancy conditions, evacuation, and fire scenarios. The analysis model was developed by considering vulnerable areas in terms of evacuation movement and analyzing the results of evacuation performance. Furthermore, the study analyzed the improvement in evacuation performance by arranging refuge areas. Results: The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, vulnerability spots were identified in terms of evacuation performance by schematizing Required Safe Egress Time, Available Safe Egress Time, and their differences. Secondly, the Required Safe Egress Time in the adjacent public spaces along the escape routes of occupants was found to be higher compared to the Available Safe Egress Time. Thirdly, the results of the correlation analysis between the difference in Available Safe Egress Time and Required Safe Egress Time during the early stages of a fire, as well as their constituent factors, demonstrated that user congestion is a more significant factor in compromising evacuation safety than the physical changes in the fire condition. Fourthly, the analysis of evacuation time was conducted by designating refuge areas where occupants can evacuate within a sufficient timeframe. This led to a decrease in the Required Safe Egress Time. Implications: This study is expected to be used as data on the direction of evacuation space planning to improve the evacuation performance of Geriatric Hospital.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

Disaster mythology is "beliefs about human behavior in disaster that have been proven to be wrong through scientifically conducted research studies." Disaster researchers have discovered a series of disaster myths. The results of research survey based on 491 individuals confirm prior research representing widespread belief in disaster mythology such as panic, looting, crime, evacuation and lethargy. This study also indicates that, while high, the percentage of local government officials demonstrating belief in disaster myths was lower than the public except for looting. The probability of believing disaster myths was greater for individuals who were female (panic and evacuation), old (evacuation and lethargy), in their twenties and thirties (looting), and officials with disaster related work experience (panic, looting and crime). The results indicate the importance of understanding public belief to make effective emergency plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.8-15
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• 2021

Despite advances in technology, crushing accidents still occur during emergency evacuations of crowded public spaces. To prevent crushing accidents, it is necessary to understand the flow of pedestrians during evacuation scenarios through experiments. Since experiments with humans can generate real accidents, we performed experiments on rodents to approximate human behavior. To trigger an emergency evacuation response, we applied electrical stimulation to the feet of the rodents. Although electrical stimulation has been applied to mice in many experiments, studies on the intensity and pattern of electric stimulation required to evoke a rapid evacuation response in mice is still lacking. In this study, we experimentally investigated how the evacuation flow of mice changes according to the amplitude, event, and duration of electric stimulation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference in facilities of natural recreation forests developed by public and private body to answer the research that what is the difference in development of natural recreation forest between public and private developer\ulcorner After reviewing the literatures, developer's decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, we had constructed th conceptual framework and have found the hypothesis of this research. Using data on development status of natural recreation forests and questionnaire surveying of 625 visitors from 9 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea, We analyzed the data through the comparison of quantity of facilities per 1000 visitors and logistic regression method for quality of facilities. We have found that 1) the six facilities have been turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of public and private recreation forests. i.e., infrastructure including roads, maintenance and information and lodging and evacuation, indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, 2) public recreation forests are well equipped such basic facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation while private recreation forests are well equipped such facility as indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, and 3) the importance of such facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation, outdoor education, and shopping have been turned out to have 1.99, 2.26, 1.99, 3.01 and 2.24 times more important than that of indoor education, respectively. We can conclude that public recreation forest seems to be equipped with the facilities for sound recreational opportunities for general public, and private recreation forest turned out to have more facilities for pursuit of profits, installed basic facilities for user convenience and service, and special facilities for attracting user and raising revenue. Using the results of this research, we can make a guideline for a market positioning, and standards and provisions of natural recreation forests. We suggest that the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation facility is needed to be examined in the future research.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.359-372
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• 2005

The strong protection method of radiation emergency preparedness is the evacuation when a great deal of radionuclide material is released to environment. Required factors for evacuation time estimate of Ulchin nuclear power plant site were investigated. The traffic capacity and the traffic volume by season were investigated for the traffic analysis and simulation within EPZ of Ulchin site. As a result, the background traffic volume by season were established. The NETSIM code was applied to simulate for 12 scenarios in the event of normal traffic/summer peak traffic/winter peak traffic, daytime/night, and normal weather/adverse weather conditions. The results showed that the evacuation time required for total vehicles to move out from EPZ took generally $210\~315$ minutes. The evacuation time took longer about 45 minutes at night than in the daytime, and 45 minutes in adverse weather than normal condition.