• Plant Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

The public-private cooperation in package deal has been studied for the overseas energy resources acquisition. The effectiveness of the package deal has not been successful because the deal has led by the government organizations. It is difficult for the plant EPC companies to join the packaged deal due to the lack of the whole responsibility organization to support the participation of the package deal. The followings are suggested as the ways to strengthen of the public-private cooperation in this study. 1) the relevant public enterprise privatization 2) establishment of the joint model for leading the plant EPC companies to the package deal 3) establishment of the whole responsibility organization for the public-private cooperation.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

In this article, we first present an inductive taxonomy of national R&D structures in terms of relative R&D flows among prime actors. The R&D structure of Korea, along with the Japanese one, turns out to be an ill-balanced one characterized by the dominant role of private sector, vis-a-vis the minimal share of public R&D. In nature, private R&D is sensitive to business cycle and the vulnerability of the Korean structure has been invisible under prosperity but now is disclosed under depression. This problem is nothing new and indeed has long been recognized by the Korean government but the prescription seemed almost impossible. Ironically, the current economic crisis of Korea renders an unexpected opportunity for structural reform. As private firms are cutting down R&D investment, the relative share of public sector becomes significant. A simulation predicts that balanced systems will be achieved in some years if public R&D budget is kept up. Although the contraction of private R&D is by no means desirable, it is the right time for the Korean government to expand public R&D. Public R&D should be considered not only a remedy for market-failure but also a shock-absorber against cyclic instability. This is why the balance between public R&D and private R&D is emphasized.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the factors influencing prospects toward for the metaverse in both the public and private sectors, focusing on the perspectives of millennials and generation Z that were rarely examined in previous studies. Research design, data and methodology: This study employed an online survey as its research methodology utilizing factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis to test the formulated hypotheses. Results: The findings of this study reveal that factors such as citizen/customer relationship management, the application of metaverse in both in the public and private sectors. Moreover, the effect size of applying the metaverse to cities on prospects toward the Metaverse was notably higher in the public sector. The effect size of metaverse management for customer relationship management showed a greater impact in the private sector. Conclusions: The results carry significant managerial and policy implications. They shed light on how millennials and generation Z perceive the applications of the metaverse in relation to cities, products, and brands. Notably, the results suggest that application of the metaverse for cities and management of customer relationships for products and brands emerge as key factors influencing the prospect of the metaverse in the public and private sectors.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.497-502
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study was to identify the problems and the effectiveness of public rental housing constructed by private construction company. To accomplish this, the current situation and the residents' perception were compared between public rental housing and private rental housing through the analysis of existing data collected in March 2005 by Gallup Korea and submitted to Korea Housing Corporate. The results showed that public rental housing contributed to the housing stability for the low income households. Most of the respondents were satisfied with their current housing. The burden of housing cost such as amount of Chunse deposit, however, still needs to be lessened

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2010

This paper addresses capacity expansion planning model of distribution center under usability of public distribution center. For discrete and finite time periods, demands for distribution center increase dynamically. The capacity expansion planning is to determine the capacity expansion size of private distribution center and usage size of public distribution center for each period through the time periods. The capacity expansion of private distribution center or lease usage of public distribution center must be done to satisfy demand increase for distribution center. The costs are capacity expansion cost and excess capacity holding cost of private distribution center, lease usage cost of public distribution center. Capacity expansion planning of minimizing the total costs is mathematically modelled. The properties of optimal solution are characterized and a dynamic programming algorithm is developed. A numerical example is shown to explain the problem.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.233-265
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• 1996

We examine the impact of public and private information on price movements using the thirty DJIA stocks and twenty-one NASDAQ stocks. We find that the standard deviation of daily returns on information days (dividend announcement, earnings announcement, insider purchase, or insider sale) is much higher than on no-information days. Both public information matters at the NYSE, probably due to masked identification of insiders. Earnings announcement has the greatest impact for both DJIA and NASDAQ stocks, and there is some evidence of positive impact of insider asle on return volatility of NASDAQ stocks. There has been considerable debate, e.g., French and Roll (1986), over whether market volatility is due to public information or private information-the latter gathered through costly search and only revealed through trading. Public information is composed of (1) marketwide public information such as regularly scheduled federal economic announcements (e.g., employment, GNP, leading indicators) and (2) company-specific public information such as dividend and earnings announcements. Policy makers and corporate insiders have a better access to marketwide private information (e.g., a new monetary policy decision made in the Federal Reserve Board meeting) and company-specific private information, respectively, compated to the general public. Ederington and Lee (1993) show that marketwide public information accounts for most of the observed volatility patterns in interest rate and foreign exchange futures markets. Company-specific public information is explored by Patell and Wolfson (1984) and Jennings and Starks (1985). They show that dividend and earnings announcements induce higher than normal volatility in equity prices. Kyle (1985), Admati and Pfleiderer (1988), Barclay, Litzenberger and Warner (1990), Foster and Viswanathan (1990), Back (1992), and Barclay and Warner (1993) show that the private information help by informed traders and revealed through trading influences market volatility. Cornell and Sirri (1992)' and Meulbroek (1992) investigate the actual insider trading activities in a tender offer case and the prosecuted illegal trading cased, respectively. This paper examines the aggregate and individual impact of marketwide information, company-specific public information, and company-specific private information on equity prices. Specifically, we use the thirty common stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and twenty one National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) common stocks to examine how their prices react to information. Marketwide information (public and private) is estimated by the movement in the Standard and Poors (S & P) 500 Index price for the DJIA stocks and the movement in the NASDAQ Composite Index price for the NASDAQ stocks. Divedend and earnings announcements are used as a subset of company-specific public information. The trading activity of corporate insiders (major corporate officers, members of the board of directors, and owners of at least 10 percent of any equity class) with an access to private information can be cannot legally trade on private information. Therefore, most insider transactions are not necessarily based on private information. Nevertheless, we hypothesize that market participants observe how insiders trade in order to infer any information that they cannot possess because insiders tend to buy (sell) when they have good (bad) information about their company. For example, Damodaran and Liu (1993) show that insiders of real estate investment trusts buy (sell) after they receive favorable (unfavorable) appraisal news before the information in these appraisals is released to the public. Price discovery in a competitive multiple-dealership market (NASDAQ) would be different from that in a monopolistic specialist system (NYSE). Consequently, we hypothesize that NASDAQ stocks are affected more by private information (or more precisely, insider trading) than the DJIA stocks. In the next section, we describe our choices of the fifty-one stocks and the public and private information set. We also discuss institutional differences between the NYSE and the NASDAQ market. In Section II, we examine the implications of public and private information for the volatility of daily returns of each stock. In Section III, we turn to the question of the relative importance of individual elements of our information set. Further analysis of the five DJIA stocks and the four NASDAQ stocks that are most sensitive to earnings announcements is given in Section IV, and our results are summarized in Section V.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

Private security organizations are complementary to the national safety of life and property of individuals as a social role to play in maintaining peace and order. Pursuit of profit is to the public practice according to the logic of capitalist markets and customers seeking to protect the lives and property. However, the legal and institutional constraints of private security is being requirements inhibited by the development. Crime prevention as a private security role that the private companies, which will pursue the public interest. After all, the expansion of the private security crime is results in an increase in unit. The current level of private security in the 1970s remain, and the constraints is being under goodwill and expertise outside of the training system on the market. Variety of crimes, including cyber crime increases and considering the reality of the constraints on private security requirements are able to improve or supplement shall be realistic. In particular, the legal, regulatory and institutional factors must be improved, with goodwill, and for the creation of new industrial policy as a complement to the public interest should be also provided. The private security law interests through integration of private security guards should be guaranteed, and the term of the theorem, sales activities, ensuring the training of professional staff with professional qualifications system is to be settled. As a private security guard industry growth and development can be based on this composition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

The role of the botanical garden in securing biodiversity, responding to climate change, and sustainable development in modern cities is becoming more important. Private botanical gardens that lead the domestic botanical culture are declining due to complex reasons such as an increase of tourist destinations, lack of policy support, lack of introduction of advanced management strategies, and similar leisure activities to national and public botanical gardens. The Private Botanical Garden not only has a large number of plant species with high conservation value, but also provides various public utilities as a cultural and educational space and government efforts are needed to activate the operation of this amenity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of public functions provided by private botanical gardens using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). In this way, the government aims to provide a basis for policy and institutional support for private botanical gardens. The main results are as follows. First, public utility functions provided by private botanical gardens were recognized as 'preservation' (23.4%), 'recreation and tourism' (17.5%) and 'research' (16.6%) in order of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Second, 'heritage value' (33.0%) and 'existence value' (32.5%) were recognized as significant among the values provided by private botanical gardens. Third, the willingness to pay (WTP) to preserve the public functions of the private botanical garden was 12,234 won. Based on this, the economic value of all private botanical gardens in the whole country was estimated, resulting in about 233.8 billion won. There is a need to revise laws and regulations related to financial support for the revitalization and quality improvement of private botanical gardens. It is also necessary to establish a cooperative operating system between national, public and private botanical gardens.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3787-3796
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is public and Private transfers in the elderly life satisfaction, self-esteem any influence to understand. Analysis of the frequency analysis, T-test, ANOVA, regression analysis was performed. Study the following points were discussed. First, the elderly public transfer and Private transfers in accordance with life satisfaction, self-esteem was significant. Second, private transfers from children in public transfer income subsidies and the more life satisfaction and self-esteem, respectively. Third, the private sector of private transfers. Individual grants fewer higher self-esteem. Based on these results, the following suggestions were Economic independence of the elderly a chance to increase the self-esteem that was found. Therefore, a more practical and should be supported by specific public transfer system.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.91-121
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• 2009

Utilizing the fact that student allocation to private or public high schools in Korea is done randomly within a given school district, this study conducted a natural experiment, free from selection bias, to analyze whether private schools are more effective than public schools in terms of enhancing students' academic performance. After analyzing a model that controls the fixed effects of school districts, it was found that private schools do not have a statistically significant impact compared to public schools with respect to improving academic records. Nevertheless, the private school effect has shown a positive value equivalent to 0.13 standard deviation for female students at the highest academic levels.