• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.369-372
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• 2009

In the present study, the effect of chemical treatment on graphite nanofibers (GNFs) supports with various concentrated nitric acids was investigated for methanol oxidation. To optimize the electrocatalytic activity, PtRu catalysts were deposited on GNF supports by impregnation method. The surface and structural properties of the GNF supports were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), element analyzer (EA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the catalysts was observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrocatalytic activity of PtRu/GNF catalysts was investigated by cyclic voltammetry measurement. As a result, the oxygen functional groups were introduced on the GNF supports and were gradually increased with increasing of concentrated nitric acid, causing the smaller particle size and higher loading level. And the electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts for methanol oxidation was gradually improved. Consequently, it was found that chemical treatments could influence on surface properties of the carbon supports, resulting in enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts for DMFCs.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2001년도 연료전지심포지움 2001논문집
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• pp.33-36
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• 2001

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.411-412
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• 2006

PEM(proton exchange membrane) fuel cell have been receiving considerable interest as power source because of high-energy efficiency. However by using reforming hydrogen gas, CO poisoning occur in anode. To improve CO tolerance PtRu catalysts were prepared by galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition. The composition(atomic ratio) of catalysts are controllable by using different concentrations of PtRu solutions. Also, the particle sizes of PtRu on carbon are similar to about $3.5{\sim}4nm$ regardless of concentration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

In this paper, we characterized bimetallic Pt-Ru/C alloy catalysts having four different compositions and compared the catalytic activities of the prepared alloys for CO oxidation. ICP-AES, EDS, XRD, TEM, and XAS were used to investigate the composition, degree of alloying, particle size, and electronic structure of the prepared Pt-Ru/C catalysts. Those results indicated the synthesis of the alloy catalysts with intended composition and uniform size. The electrochemical study of the characterized alloys showed higher catalytic activity for CO oxidation than that of the commercial Pt/C (E-TEK, Inc., 20 wt %) catalyst. Especially, it was shown that the alloy catalyst with Ru composition of 50 atomic % gave the highest catalytic activity for CO oxidation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.93.2-93.2
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• 2011

In this work, graphite nanofibers (GNFs) were prepared for using catalyst supports in fuel cells. The GNFs were chemically activated to obtain high surface area and small pore diameter with different potassium hydroxide (KOH) amounts, i.e., 0, 1, 3, 4, and 5 g as an activating agent. And then Pt-Ru was deposited onto activated GNFs (A-GNFs) by chemical reduction method. The characteristics of Pt-Ru catalysts deposited onto A-GNFs were determined by specific surface area and pore size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The electrochemical properties of Pt-Ru/A-GNFs catalysts were also analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. From the results, the A-GNFs carbon supports activated with 4 g of KOH (A4g-GNFs) showed that the highest specific surface areas. In addition, the A4g-GNFs led to uniform dispersion of Pt-Ru onto A4g-GNFs, resulting in the enhancement of electrochemical activity of Pt-Ru catalysts.

• Carbon letters
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2010

Different oxidation treatments on CNTs using diluted 4.0 M $H_2SO_4$ solution at room temperature and or at $90^{\circ}C$ reflux conditions were investigated to elucidate the physical and chemical changes occurring on the treated CNTs, which might have significant effects on their performance as catalyst supports in PEM fuel cells. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analyses were made for the acid treated CNTs to determine the particle size and distribution of the CNT-supported Pt-Ru nanoparticles. These CNT-supported Pt-based nanoparticles were then employed as anode catalysts in PEMFC to investigate their catalytic activity and single-cell performance towards $H_2$ oxidation. Based on PEMFC performance results, refluxed Pt-Ru/CNT catalysts prepared using CNTs treated at $90^{\circ}C$ for 0.5 h as anode have shown better catalytic activity and PEMFC polarization performance than those of the commercially available Pt-Ru/C catalyst from ETEK and other Pt-Ru/CNT catalysts developed using raw CNT, thus demonstrating the importance of acid treatment in improving and optimizing the surface properties of catalyst support.

• 청정기술
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2012

백금(Pt)과 루테늄(Ru)의 조성비가 일산화탄소(CO) 산화반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 탄소를 지지체(support)로 사용한 20 wt% 백금과 백금-루테늄 시리즈 촉매(Pt : Ru = 7 : 3, 5 : 5, 3 : 7)를 콜로이드 방법(colloidal method)으로 합성하였다. 다양한 물리 화학적 분석장비인 투과전자현미경(transmission electron microscopy, TEM)과 X-선 회절(X-ray diffraction, XRD), 에너지 분산형 X-선 분석기(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS)를 이용하여 구조 화학적 특성을 분석하고, X-선 광전자 분광법(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)을 통해 전자적 특성 변화를 확인하였다. 더불어 일산화탄소 벗김 전압전류실험(CO stripping voltammetry)을 이용하여 전기화학적 거동을 분석하였다. 합성된 촉매들 중 $Pt_5Ru_5/C$가 가장 낮은 개시 전위(vs. Ag/AgCl)와 가장 큰 일산화탄소의 전기화학적 활성화 표면적(CO EAS) 값을 나타냈으며 이를 통해 $Pt_5Ru_5/C$이 일산화탄소의 전기화학적 산화반응에 있어 가장 효과적인 촉매임을 확인하였다. $Pt_5Ru_5/C$의 격자상수 변화를 통한 구조적 특성변화 및 백금 d-밴드의 페르미 레벨 변화를 통한 전자적 특성변화 그리고 이작용기(bifunctional)의 효과가 일산화탄소의 전기화학적 산화반응에 대한 활성을 증진시켰다고 사료된다.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2013

방사선환원법을 통해 탄소지지체(Vulcan XC-72$^{(R)}$)를 기반으로 한 나노사이즈의 PtRu-Ni/VC와 PtRu-Sn/VC를 합성하였다. 합성된 촉매는 투과전자현미경(transmission electron microscopy, TEM), 주사전자현미경-에너지 분산형 분석기(scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, SEM-EDS), X선 광전자 분광기(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS), X선 회절(X-ray diffraction, XRD)을 통해 촉매의 표면과 구조 및 성분에 대해 특성평가 되어졌으며, 촉매 전기화학적 효율 및 안정성 대한 평가를 위하여 산소 환원 반응, 메탄올 산화반응과 CO 흡착 효율을 E-TEK사에서 상용촉매로 판매되는 PtRu/VC$^{(R)}$ (60 wt% PtRu)와 비교하였으며, 이에 대한 요약은 다음과 같다. 수소 흡 탈착 반응 : PtRu-Sn/VC > PtRu-Ni/VC > PtRu/VC$^{(R)}$ (E-TEK). 메탄올산화반응 : PtRu-Sn/VC > PtRu-Ni/VC > PtRu/VC$^{(R)}$ (E-TEK). 단위셀 효율 : PtRu-Sn/VC > PtRu-Ni/VC > PtRu/VC$^{(R)}$ (E-TEK).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.191-194
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• 2009

PtRu based and PtSn based ternary catalysts were prepared by a conventional impregnation method using NaBH4 as reducing agent. The alloy formation, crystalline size and chemical composition of the in-house catalysts were determined by XRD, TEM and EDX, respectively. The chemical compositions of in-house catalysts were quite similar to the nominal value and good alloy formations were also observed. Further, crystalline sizes of ternary catalysts were comparatively smaller than binary catalysts and were approximately 3.5 ~ 5.5 nm. The electrochemical measurements were carried out in the solution 1 M $H_2SO_4$ with 1 M $C_2H_5OH$ at room temperature. LSV results obtained that ternary catalysts were higher current densities and specific activities. Especially, in case of tungsten addition system, Pt5Sn4W/C have the highest specific activities values and was approximately 21.2 and 3.1 times higher than that of PtRu/C and PtSn/C electrocatalyst.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

Nanosized Pt, Pt-Ru and Pt-$CeO_2$ electrocatalysts supported on acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) were synthesized by microwave-assisted heating of polyol process using $H_2Cl_6Pt{\cdot}6H_2O$, $RuCl_3$, $CeCl_3$ precursors, respectively, and were characterized by XRD and TEM. And then the electrochemical activity of methanol oxidation for catalyst/CNT nanocomposite electrodes was investigated. The microwave assisted polyol process produced the nano-sized crystalline catalysts particles on CNT. The size of Pt supported on CNT was 7~12 nm but it decreased to 3~5 nm in which 10wt% sodium acetate was added as a stabilizer during the polyol process. This fine Pt catalyst particles resulted in a higher current density for Pt/CNT electrode. It was also found that 10 nm size of PtRu alloys were formed by polyol process and the onset potential decreased with Ru addition. Cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed that the $Pt_{75}Ru_{25}/CNT$ electrode had the highest electrochemical activity owing to a higher ratio of the forward to reverse anodic peak current. And the chronoamperemetry test showed that $Pt_{75}Ru_{25}$ catalyst had a good catalyst stability. The activity of Pt was also found to be improved with the addition of $CeO_2$.