• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.947-955
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• 2011

The complexes [Pd(bpy)(Hex-dtc)]$NO_3$ and [Pt(bpy)(Hex-dtc)]$NO_3$ (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and Hex-dtc is hexyldithiocarbamato ligands) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic studies. The cytotoxicity assay of the complexes has been performed on chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562, at micromolar concentration. Both complexes showed cytotoxic activity far better than that of cisplatin under the same experimental conditions. The binding parameters of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated using UV-visible and fluorescence techniques. They show the ability of cooperatively intercalating in CT-DNA. Gel filtration studies demonstrated that platinum complex could cleave the DNA. In the interaction studies between the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with CT-DNA, several binding and thermodynamic parameters have been determined, which may provide deeper insights into the mechanism of action of these types of complexes with nucleic acids.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 1986

The papillary tubercles (PTs) developed on the splenic capsule of normal Landrace pigs were collected and their histological structures were observed with light microscope. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The external features of the PTs were smooth spherical or oval form protruded on the splenic capsules. On cross section of PTs, the shapes were predominantly round or elliptical single follicular form, and were often multifollicular and irregular form in some PTs. 2. The PTs were interposed into the splenic capsule. Therefore the peripheral boundary of PT was consisted of splenic capsular tissue and this tissue was covered with mesothelium, The basal tissues of PT were consisted of thick connective tissue and smooth muscle of splenic capsule, and capsular foramen for transport tract between splenic parenchyma and the PT was found at the center of the basal boundary of PT. 3. The basal region of PT was composed of parenchyma and this tissue was the splenic red pulp but the central and peripheral regions of PT contained much more erythrocytes than in the splenic parenchymae. 4. The splenic parenchymae adjoining to PT contained more erythrocytes than in other splenic parenchymal regions and parallel fixed cells directed to the capsular foramen.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2007

Pt/Nafion self-humidifying membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) were synthesized via a supercritical-impregnation method. The Nafion 112 membranes were impregnated with Pt(II) acetylacetonate from a supercritical carbon dioxide ($scCO_2$) solution at $80^{\circ}C$ and 19.8 MPa. After the impregnation, the Pt-impregnated Nafion membrane was converted Pt deposited Nafion(Pt/Nafion) membrane by reducing agent, sodium borohydride ($NaBH_4$) under $50^{\circ}C$ and 2 hours. The prepared Pt/Nafion membranes were investigated by SEM, EDS and EPMA. The performance of the Pt/Nafion membranes was examined in PEMFC as a self-humidifying membrane. The cell performance of the Pt/Nafion membrane at $65^{\circ}C$ is better than that of Nafion 112.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.217-217
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• 2015

The objective of this study was mainly to evaluate the water resources potential of Lake Tana Basin (LTB) by using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). From SWAT simulation of LTB, about 5236 km2 area of LTB is gauged watershed and the remaining 9878 km2 area is ungauged watershed. For calibration of model parameters, four gauged stations were considered namely: Gilgel Abay, Gummera, Rib, and Megech. The SWAT-CUP built-in techniques, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method was used for calibration of model parameters and PSO method were selected for the study based on its performance results in four gauging stations. However the level of sensitivity of flow parameters differ from catchment to catchment, the curve number (CN2) has been found the most sensitive parameters in all gauged catchments. To facilitate the transfer of data from gauged catchments to ungauged catchments, clustering of hydrologic response units (HRUs) were done based on physical similarity measured between gauged and ungauged catchment attributes. From SWAT land use/ soil use/slope reclassification of LTB, a total of 142 HRUs were identified and these HRUs are clustered in to 39 similar hydrologic groups. In order to transfer the optimized model parameters from gauged to ungauged catchments based on these clustered hydrologic groups, this study evaluates three parameter transfer schemes: parameters transfer based on homogeneous regions (PT-I), parameter transfer based on global averaging (PT-II), and parameter transfer by considering Gilgel Abay catchment as a representative catchment (PT-III) since its model performance values are better than the other three gauged catchments. The performance of these parameter transfer approach was evaluated based on values of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The computed NSE values was found to be 0.71, 0.58, and 0.31 for PT-I, PT-II and PT-III respectively and the computed R2 values was found to be 0.93, 0.82, and 0.95 for PT-I, PT-II, and PT-III respectively. Based on the performance evaluation criteria, PT-I were selected for modelling ungauged catchments by transferring optimized model parameters from gauged catchment. From the model result, yearly average stream flow for all homogeneous regions was found 29.54 m3/s, 112.92 m3/s, and 130.10 m3/s for time period (1989 - 2005) for region-I, region-II, and region-III respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.320-326
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• 1986

The antitumor properities of metal are not limited to Pt(II) complexes. Recently, it was reported that some Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with sulfur and nitrogen ligands had potential antitumor reactivity. Pt(II) complexes is toxic drug for anticancer. Therefore, the complexes of Pd(II) with adenine, uracil, cytosine and malonate ligands are interesting for anticancer drug. We synthesized new palladium complexes containing nucleosides. The reactions of Pd(II) with adenine, uracil, cytosine and malonate ligands have been studied in aqueous solutions. The complexes isolated from these reactions have the following formulas; $[Pd(en)(C_5H_5N_5)_2](NO_3)_2,\;[Pd(en)(C_4H_3N_2O_2)Cl],\;[Pd(en)(C_3H_2O_4)]\;and\;[Pd(en)(C_4H_5N_3O)_2](NO_3)_2{\cdot}(C_4H_5N_3O)$. The compounds have been identified by elemental analysis, mass spectra, infrared spectra and electronic spectra.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.433-437
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• 2006

Pt/Nafion self-humidifying membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC) were synthesized via supercritical-impregnation methods. The Nafion 112 membranes were impregnated with Pt(II)$(acetylacetonate)_2$ from a supercritical carbon dioxide $(scCO_2)$ solution at $80^{\circ}C$ and 30MPa. After the impregnation, the pressure decreased slowly by releasing $CO_2$. And the Pt-impregnated Nafion membrane was converted Pt deposited Nafion membrane by reducing agent, sodium borohydride $(NaBH_4)$ with various concentrations under $50^{\circ}C$ and 2 hours. The prepared Pt-impregnated Nafion (Pt/Nafion) composite membrane were investigated by Electron Prove Micro analysis (EPMA) and X-rat Diffraction analysis (XRD) which showed distribution of Pt particle and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) a which revealed morphology of surface of Pt/Nafion composite membrane. The performance of the Pt/Nafion 112 membranes was examined in PEMFC as aself-humidifyin membranes using purpose-built equipment.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.152-156
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• 2009

Electroless plating is influenced by kinds of parameters including concentrations of electrolyte, plating time, temperature and so on. In this study, the Pt thin films were prepared on GaAs substrate by a 2-step electroless plating depending method. The small Pt catalytic particles by using Pt I bath exhibited islands-morphology dispersed throughout the substrate surface at $65^{\circ}C$, as function as a sensitized thin film, and then a thicker Pt film grew upon the sensitized layer by the second Pt II bath. As the growth of Pt film is strongly influenced by the plating time and temperature, the plating time of Pt II bath varied from 5 min to 40 min at $60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ after Pt I bath at $60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. It is found that the film grows with the increasing plating time and temperature. The resistivity value of Pt deposited layer was characterized to study the growth mechanism of 2-step plating.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 1996

This laboratory has recently reported the synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of PT(II) complexes containing ethylenediamine and diphosphine. In view of the reports of others, cisplatin is toxic to the kidney since the kidney's vulnerability to PT(II) complexes may originate in its ability to accumulate and retain platinum to a greater degree than other organs. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these synthetic PT(II) complexes on the primary cultured proximal tubular cells of rabbit kidney and renal cortical cells of human kidney was investigated. Three endpoints for cytotoxicity tests were evaluated:3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), $^3H$-thymidine uptake and the glucose consumption tests. The rank order of sensitivity exhibited $^3H$-thymidine uptake>MTT>glucose consumption test. The agents with diphosphine leaving group were significantly less cytotoxic than cisplatin. Moreover, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) exhibited less cytotoxicity than 1.3-bis (diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP) against on rabbit and human cultured kidney cells. Based on these results, the decreased nephrotoxicity of these new complexes over cisplatin appeared to be partially attributable to a leaving group of DPPP and DPPE. This novel class of platinum compound represents a valuable lead in the development of a "third-generation" agent.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.26-31
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• 2017

LIX 63 showed a selectivity for the extraction of Pd(II) over other PGMs, such as Pt(IV), Ir(IV) and Rh(III) from 6 M HCl solution. Moreover, HCl solution has significant effect on the oxidation-reduction reaction between Ir(IV) and LIX 63. Therefore, the applicability of employing LIX 63 for the separation of the 4 PGMs was investigated from 3 M HCl solution. From 3 M HCl solution, only Pd(II) was selectively extracted by LIX 63 and its extraction percentage was higher than from 6 M HCl solution. Extraction of the Pd(II) free raffinate with TBP led to the selective extraction of Pt(IV). After oxidation of Ir(III) with $NaClO_3$ to Ir(IV), extraction of the Pt(IV) free raffinate with Aliquat 336 selectively extracted Ir(IV). For each extraction step, optimum stripping conditions were obtained. By this process, it was possible to separate the 4 PGMs by solvent extraction from 3 M HCl solution.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2014

The conventional methods for total residual chlorine such as iodometry and DPD colorimetric can cause secondary pollution due to additional agents, also have a wide error range. As for alternative, electrochemical method can measure TRC(Total residual chlorine), and is not required as additional agents, also very suitable for using the fields of ballast water because test time is relatively fast. Therefore, this study was investigated for changing charge by agitation, salt concentration, and temperature change. Charge showed differences based on changes of reduction peak with or without agitation. In contrast, TRC and charge were well correlated in constant agitation speed. As TRC and charge were analyzed with high correlations in constant salinity and temperature of ocean, thereby conductivity was firstly measured, and charge had high correlation for TRC in spite of changing salinity and temperature Pt electrode revealed high reliability ($r^2=0.960$) because it was rarely effected by TRC, On the other hand, Au electrode appeared inadequate ($r^2=0.767$) to use sensor in less than 1.0 ppm of TRC. For high accuracy and detection of TRC, Pt and Au electrodes for test time were, respectively, 14 and 22 seconds. As a result, Pt electrode was more valuable than Au electrode in terms of response time.