• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study, we aimed to elucidate the demographic and psychological characteristics of maladaptive soldiers in the Republic of Korean Army. Methods : Study participants included 110 male conscripts who had participated in the Green camp, which was a form of group psychosocial treatment program for maladaptive soldiers. All participants were interviewed and diagnosed by a psychiatrist, and classified into two groups according to whether they left or rejoined the army. We analyzed the differences between these two groups in terms of demographic features, psychiatric diagnosis and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subscores. Results : Compared with soldiers who rejoined their units, those who left military service exhibited significantly lower educational level (p=0.041) and a higher rate in psychiatric treatment prior to enlistment (p=0.011). Among the 106 subjects, 63 (59.4%) and 23 (21.7%) were diagnosed with personality disorder and adjustment disorder, respectively. Further, those who left military service were diagnosed more frequently with mood disorder (p=0.001) and schizophrenia (p=0.014) than those who rejoined their units. Additionally, the MMPI scores of soldiers who left military service were significantly higher on the psychasthenia (p=0.028) and schizophrenia (p=0.039) scales than those of soldiers who rejoined their units. Conclusion : Most of the maladaptive soldiers were diagnosed with mental disorders. The results of this study suggest that systematic, consistent psychiatric evaluation and intervention for maladaptive male conscripts is crucial in the Republic of Korean army.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2018

Purpose: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is complex and multifactorial including trauma, anatomical, pathophysiological, social and psychological factors. Psychological factors can induce or sustain TMDs in various ways. And psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression can be occurred due to TMDs. Therefore, evaluation of psychological factors in patients with TMDs is important. Although disc displacement (DD) is crucial in clinical situation, most of studies have focused on the relationship of psychosocial factors and myofascial pain. And also, Subtypes of DD can cause different degrees of discomfort, it is necessary to evaluate the psychological states of the patients according to the subtype. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) is one of the self-report questionnaire to evaluate the psychological factors. HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) are assessed through 14 questions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anxiety and depression assessed by HADS in patients diagnosed with subtypes of DD according to diagnostic criteria for TMDs. Methods: Four hundred thirty nine patients were diagnosed as one of the subtypes of DD. One hundred fourty nine subjects with no symptoms were set as control groups. All of them answered the HADS for Koreans. The cut-off score for anxiety and depression was set a score of 8. The chi-square test was performed to evaluate association between DD and anxiety/depression. Results: There was a significant difference in HADS-D between five groups (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in HADS-A. All the DD groups showed a significant difference in HADS-D compared with the control group except the DD without reduction without limited opening group. The DD without reduction with limited opening group showed the highest rates in HADS-D (40.4%). Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is necessary to consider the depression in treatment of the patients with DDs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.488-493
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• 2022

Background Currently, the BREAST-Q can effectively measure patient's satisfaction on the quality of life from the patient's perspective in relation to different type of breast reconstruction. However, evaluation of patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes in breast reconstruction may have potential to led bias. Methods To maximize the benefits of using BREAST-Q to evaluate clinical outcome, we performed comparative study focused on the correlation between postoperative BREAST-Q and cosmetic outcomes assessed by medical professionals. For the current analysis, we used three postoperative BREAST-Q scales (satisfaction with breast, psychosocial well-being, and sexual well-being). The Ten-Point Scale by Visser et al was applied to provide reproducible grading of the postoperative cosmetic outcomes of the breast. The system includes six subscales that measured overall aesthetic outcome, volume, shape, symmetry, scarring, and nipple-areolar complex. The photographic assessments were made by five medical professionals who were shown photographs on a computer screen in a random order. Obtained data were stored in Excel and evaluated by Spearman's correlations using SPSS Statistics. Results We enrolled 92 women in this study, 10 did not respond to all scales of postoperative BREAST-Q, the remaining 82 women had undergone breast reconstruction. The correlation between BREAST-Q score and aesthetic score measured by Ten-Point Scale for the three BREAST-Q scales all show positive values in Spearman's correlation coefficient. Conclusion A significant correlation without any bias observed was found between the patient's satisfaction measured by BREAST-Q after breast reconstruction and the medical expert's aesthetic evaluation.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to compare both the nursing care satisfaction and the image of nurses as experienced by home health care clients and hospitalized clients. For the descriptive survey study. data were collected from 69 home heath care clients and 342 in-patients in a university hospital. The tools used for the study were modified by Quality Patient Care Scale(Wandelt & Ager. 1974) and Image of Nurses (송인자, 1993). The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation. Scheffe test. factor analysis. t-test. and ANOVA. The major findings were as follows: Regarding nursing care satisfaction, the mean score of total nursing care satisfaction in home health care clients was 3.28 out of 4.0. Among five domains, the domain with the highest score was the psychosocial domain, followed by the general. the professional. the physical. and the communication domain. The level of nursing care satisfaction was not significantly different according to demographic variables except for age: the age group of 41-60 showed the highest score (p<0.05). The mean score of total nursing care satisfaction in hospitalized clients was 2.95 out of 4.0. Among five domains, the domain with the highest score was the psychosocial domain, followed by the physical and the communication. the professional. and the general domain. The level of nursing care satisfaction was not significantly different according to demographic variables except age: the higher the age the higher the score (p<0.05). The levels of nursing care satisfaction in all five domains were significantly higher in home health care clients than in hospitalized clients(p=0.0005). Regarding image of nurses, the mean score of total image of nurses in home health care clients was 3.32 out of 4.0. Among four domains, the domain with the highest score was the sincerity domain, followed by the kindness. the spirit. and the knowledge and skill domain. The level of image of nurses was not significantly different according to demographic variables. The mean score of total image of nurses in hospitalized clients was 3.05 out of 4.0. Among four domains. the domain with the highest score was the sincerity domain, followed by the kindness, the knowledge and skill, and the spirit domain. The level of image of nurses was not significantly different according to demographic variables. The levels of image of nurses in all four domains were significantly higher in home health care clients than in hospitalized clients (p=0.001). Both the levels of nursing care satisfaction and image of nurses, part of an evaluation for quality of nursing care were significantly higher in home health care clients than in hospitalized clients. In light of the findings, we could consider that home health care nurses provided client-centered comprehensive nursing care. However, nurses need to have methods that more promote the social recognition of the image of nurses and nursing care services as well as professional knowledge and skills.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1997

본 연구는 이명환자들에서 스트레스지각 및 정신병리와 주관적 및 객관적 이명의 정도간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 연구대상은 이비인후과외래에 내원한 43명의 이명환자들로 구성되었다. 스트레스지 각 및 정신병리를 평가하기 위해서 Global Assessment of Recent Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory 및 Symptom Checklist-90-Revision을 이용하였다 한편 주관적 이명의 정도는 이명의 심한 정도를 평가할 수 있는 Subjective Tinnitus Severity Inventory로, 객관적 이명의 정도는 이명강도검사(tinnitogram)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 대인관계와 질병 및 상해와 관련된 스트레스지각점수는 각각 주관적 이명의 정도와 유의한 양상관성을 보였다. 또한 신체화 강박증, 대인예민, 우울, 불안, 공포, 편집증, 정신증척도점수는 주관적 이명의 정도와 유의한 양상관성을 보였다. 반면 스트레스지각 및 정신병리는 객관적 이명강도와 유의한 상관성을 보이지 않았다. 이 결과는 이명이 스트레스 및 다양한 정신병리와 연관되어 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 이런 환자들에 대한 평가 및 치료에 있어서 정신사회적 개입은 물론 이비인후과의사 및 일차 진료의 들과의 효과적인 자문조정활동의 필요성이 강조된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.696-705
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• 1994

This study was done to provide a basis for home health care management for women following Cesarean delivery. Furthermore it was initiated as an possible application of home health care in the future. In this study, client selection criteria was developed by the researcher and assessment tools for home health care, recording system and problem oriented recording system were revised from Jun's(1993) methods. The selection criteria tool for home health care for women who had a Cesarean delivery was structured and consisted of five areas : physical status, functional status, psychological-emetional status, educational needs status and environmental status. The structured assessment tool consisted of general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before ad-mission, laboratory results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of women and their newborns. The visit note consisted of the date : nursing problems : nursing process including initial assessment : nursing goals : visit plan : health status of the postpartum women and their newborn : nursing diagnoses : nursing implementation evaluation : summary : next visit plan and revision. The problem oriented recording system consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnoses, problem appearance date, problem resolution date. The results of the research are as follows : The seven cases having had a Cesarean delivery were discharged on an average on the 5th day after the Cesarean birth. The total number of home visits was 13. According to Cordon's functional health patterns the total possible nursing diagnoses was 34 diagnoses for the methers and their newborns. Among the 34 diagnoses, there were 13 diagnoses in the health perception /management pattern, 7 in the psychosocial health perception / management pattern, 8 in the psychosocial self-perception, 2 in the nutrition / metabolism pattern of physical function, 2 in the knowledge deficit of newborn management, anxiety related to newborn management, knowledge deficit related to disease process of new-born, anxiety related to disease process of newborn anxiety related to prognosis of baby's condition, knowledge deficit related to newborn jaundice each appeared once. The changes in the number of nursing diagnoses was related to not the number of visits but to the number of nursing diagnoses decreasing. The con-tent of the home health care was categorized ac-cording to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care. The recommendation based on the results of this research are Home health care nurses for Cesarean postpartum women and their neonates requires comprehensive knowledge of pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period and of the neonate so that they can provide appropriate care and holistic views. Most of cases terminated after the second visit, this outcome may be related to the subjects being discharged on the 5th day after delivery. Therefore, study done with earlier discharge after delivery may have different outcome. It is very hard to assess psychological aspects that need follow-up and to develop communication channels.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1277-1284
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• 2016

Background: Early detection is a critical part of reducing the burden of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) has been found to be an especially important early detection strategy in low and middle income countries such as Malaysia. Although reports indicate that Malaysian women report an increase in BSE activity in recent years, additional research is needed to explore factors that may help to increase this behavior among Southeastern Asian women. Objective: This study is the first of its kind to explore how the predicting variables of self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and body image factors correlate with self-reports of past BSE, and intention to conduct future breast self-exams among female students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Through the analysis of data collected from a prior study of female students from nine Malaysian universities (n=842), this study found that self-efficacy, perceived barriers and specific body image sub-constructs (MBSRQ-Appearance Scales) were correlated with, and at times predicted, both the likelihood of past BSE and the intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. Results: Self-efficacy (SE) positively predicted the likelihood of past self-exam behavior, and intention to conduct future breast self-exams. Perceived barriers (BR) negatively predicted past behavior and future intention of breast self-exams. The body image sub-constructs of appearance evaluation (AE) and overweight preoccupation (OWP) predicted the likelihood of past behavior but did not predict intention for future behavior. Appearance orientation (AO) had a somewhat opposite effect: AO did not correlate with or predict past behavior but did correlate with intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. The body image sub-constructs of body area satisfaction (BASS) and self-classified weight (SCW) showed no correlation with the subjects' past breast self-exam behavior nor with their intention to conduct breast self-exams in the future. Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate that both self-efficacy and perceived barriers to BSE are significant psychosocial factors that influence BSE behavior. These results suggest that health promotion interventions that help enhance self-efficacy and reduce perceived barriers have the potential to increase the intentions of Malaysian women to perform breast self-exams, which can promote early detection of breast cancers. Future research should evaluate targeted communication interventions for addressing self-efficacy and perceived barriers to breast self-exams with at-risk Malaysian women. and further explore the relationship between BSE and body image.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2007

연구배경: 흡연은 많은 질병과 사망의 가장 중요한 원인이나 니코틴의존성으로 인해 금연이 어렵고 이로 인한 사회적, 의료적 손실이 증가함에도 불구하고 개선되지 못하고 있다. 이러한 니코틴의존성 중 물리적의존성과 독립적으로 관여할 것으로 생각되는 사회, 문화적 니코틴의존성을 알아보고자 연구하였다. 방 법: 2006년 5월부터 8월까지 일개 대학병원 직원과 일개 의과대학생, 일반 대학생 및 건강 검진자들을 대상으로 KTSND-K 설문지를 이용하여 흡연에 관한 의식 조사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 총 741명 중 평균 연령은 $31.8{\pm}11.6$세이었고, 남자는 428명(57.8%)이었다. 흡연력은 현재흡연자 102명(13.8%), 과거흡연자 95명(12.8%), 비흡연자 544명(73.4%)이었다. 흡연력에 따른 KTSND-K 총점은 현재흡연자, 과거흡연자, 비흡연자에서 각각 $17.1{\pm}5.4$, $14.3{\pm}5.5$, $12.3{\pm}5.5$로 흡연자일수록 의미 있게 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 성별에 따른 총점의 차이는 남녀 각각 $14.3{\pm}5.7$, $11.7{\pm}5.4$로 남성에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 그러나 현재흡연자 중 흡연 행태 및 금연의지에 따라 각 군을 나누어 비교하였을 때 각 군간의 KTSND 총점의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 비흡연자 중 62.5%에서 간접 흡연의 피해를 느꼈으며, 간접 흡연을 경험하는 주요 장소는 주점 56.8%, 식당 32.3%, 학교 30.2%, 노래방 22.8%, 길거리 18.6% 등 공공 장소가 많았다. 결 론: KTSND-K 설문지는 한국 흡연자의 니코틴의존성 중 사회적 니코틴의존성을 평가할 수 있는 유용한 방법이 될 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1011-1019
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• 1996

The incidence of spinal cord injury increase due to traffic accident, industrial accident and leisure sports. Spinal cord injury damages motor and sensory function below the injury level, also affects autonomic functions associated with voiding and defecation. Sexual dysfunction and psychosocial, vocational maladaptations are also some of the unwanted consequences of injury. The purpose of this study is look for means to prevent and to manage complications in spinal cord injury through investigation and analysis. The subjects of this study in spinal cord injured patients were admitted to the department of physical therapy, Kwangju christian Hospital, Nam Kwang Hospital, Chun Nam university Hospital and Cho Sun university Hospital, from April, 1, 1995 to March, 31, 1996. The results are as follows: 1. The subjects comprised 96 cases of spinal cord injury, ranging from 17 to 85(mean-40.8 yrs) and included 72 males and 24 females. Among these patients, 58 were cervical injury, 20 were thoracic injury and 18 were lumbar injury. 2. As for a major causative of spinal cord injury were traffic accident(59.4%), fall down (27.1 %), and motocycle(4.2%).. 3. The bladder control were taken by indwelling cathetar(41.7%), Crede maneuver(37.5%) and self voiding(16.7%). The bowel control were taken by all aid(61.5%), assitance(32.3%) and self defecation(6.2%). 4. Possible of sexual function were 35 cases (47.9%). 5. The device of transfer used wheel chair(69.8%) and bed(16.7%). 6. The patients with higher cord lesion got more serious pain than lower cord lesion. Also the patients with higher cord lesion got a serious spasticity. 7. The incidence of decubitus ulcer among 96 patients were in case 46(47.9%). The largest group of the pressure sore sites were sacral portion(82.0%), less than 1 month of onset occured a large numbers(50%). Incidence of pressure sore by spasticity occured many patients in case of mild or moderate. Incidence of pressure sore by pain occured many patients in case of severe pain.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2005

Purpose: The authors reviewed researches related to performance appraisal(32 researches), in order to identify the direction for future research and to establish a credible performance appraisal system. Method: Almost all of the theses and research published in 9 major journals of nursing in korea were reviewed. Results: Most of research(84.4%) were theses and all researches were used to non-experimental design; survey 81.3%, methodological research 15.6%, review 3.1%. The major subjects of study were appraisees and appraisers. Psychosocial data collection which only used questionnaire were 81.3% and carried out interview(12.5%) and delphi-method(3.1%). Data analysis methods were used frequency 78.1%, t-test 62.5%, mean/SD 59.4%, Pearson's correlation 50%, and Cronbach α 50%. Appraisal tool used or developed in studies was graphic rating scales in nine studies and ran parallel with forced distribution in 2. Also, MBO and BSC were developed. Total number of korean terms in performance measurement were 11, and english terms 15. The tendency of the terms was toward performance appraisal or evaluation. Conclusion: In the light of results, we expect development of corporate appraisal tool that can evaluate nurse competence and performance. Total performance management system also should be established.