• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.504-514
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women. Methods: Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report. Results: The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD ($Z-score{\leq}-2$) and 14.3% women had higher BMD ($Z-score{\geq}0$) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD ($Z-score{\geq}0$) and low-BMD (Z-score<0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2005

Temporomandibular disorders have been defined as a collective term embracing a number of clinical problems that involve the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory nuscles, and associated structures. There have been many different contributing factors of TMDs which were traumatic, occlusal, pathophysiological and psychosocial. Among there factors, the effect of occlusion on TMDs have been a controversy for a long time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of occlusal factors and oral habits on TMDs. In this study, 140 subjects with signs and symptoms of TMDs and diagnosed of TMD in the Orofacial Pain clinic of Yonsei University Dental Hospital though March to July 2004 were selected for the TMDs group and 50 subjects without any signs and symptoms of TMDs as the control group. The subjects were evaluated clinically in TMDs' Occlusal and Prosthodontic Restoration examinations. TMDs' examination was composed of the TMJ pain, sound, locking, temporal or masseter muscle palpation, mandibular movement, oral habits and headache. Occlusal examination was made of overjet, overbite, lost teeth number, nonfunctional interference, midline shift, then pattern of lateral movement and attrition. prosthodontic restoration examination had the existence of restoration, placement, then number of crown or bridge and Satisfiable index which estimated the quality of occlusal state of prosthodontic restorations. Following results were obtained : 1. The prevalence of TMDs was higher in their 20s & 30s, female of the TMD patients group. 2. The clenching frequency in the TMDs group(40.71%) was higher than those in the control group(18.00%), and there was a significant statistical difference(p<0.05). 3. The frequency of Nonfunctional interference in the TMDs group(10.00%) was higher than those in then Control group(2.00%), and there was a significant statistical difference(p<0.05). The result of this study indicated TMDs prevalence was higher in their 20s, 30s, female group of TMDs patients similar to the previous studies. Clenching and nonfunctional interference were estimated as the contributing factors of TMDs.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify demographic, clinical, physical, and psychosocial factors affecting discharge delay in lumbar spinal surgery patients who were treated according to a critical pathway. Methods: A sample of 170 patients with lumbar spinal surgery agreed to participate in the study, between April 1, 2014 and August 30, 2015. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANCOVA, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Approximately fifty-nine percent of the participants was delayed discharge. On logistic regression analysis, female gender (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.40~4.94), age (OR=1.03, 95% CI=1.01~1.05), spondylolisthesis (OR=4.49, 95% CI=1.90~10.61), and spinal fusion operation (OR=4.14, 95% CI=1.89~9.05) were significant factors predicting discharge delay of the participants. However, discharge delay was not related with pain, physical function, depression, or family support. Conclusion: An analysis of discharge delay may assist in evaluating and revising critical pathway for optimal care. In addition, nurses need to understand the factors affecting discharge delay of the given population who were treated according to a critical pathway.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2015

Background: Organizational changes that involve healthcare hospital departments and care services of health districts, and ongoing technological innovations and developments in society increasingly expose healthcare workers (HCWs) to work-related stress (WRS). Minimizing occupational exposure to stress requires effective risk stress assessment and management programs. Methods: The authors conducted an integrated analysis of stress sentinel indicators, an integrated analysis of objective stress factors of occupational context and content areas, and an integrated analysis between nurses and physicians of hospital departments and care services of health districts in accordance with a multidimensional validated tool developed in Italy by the National Network for the Prevention of Work-Related Psychosocial Disorders. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to detect and analyze in different work settings the level of WRS resulting from organizational changes implemented by hospital healthcare departments and care services of health districts in a sample of their employees. Results: The findings of the study showed that hospital HCWs seemed to incur a medium level risk of WRS that was principally the result of work context factors. The implementation of improvement interventions focused on team development, safety training programs, and adopting an ethics code for HCWs, and it effectively and significantly reduced the level of WRS risk in the workplace. Conclusion: In this study HCW resulted to be exposed to occupational stress factors susceptible to reduction. Stress management programs aimed to improve work context factors associated with occupational stress are required to minimize the impact of WRS on workers.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라에서 가장 유방암 발생률이 높은 40대 유방암 생존자들의 우울과 불안의 정도를 파악하고 그 위험요인들을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 자료 수집은 유방암으로 진단 받은 40-49세 유방암 생존자 중 연구에 동의하고 설문지를 완성한 609명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. CES-D와 GAD-7을 사용하여 측정된 우울과 불안의 평균점수는 각각 16.35(SD=9.24), 4.25(SD=4.17)였으며, 절단점을 기준으로 우울군은 전체의 47.7%, 불안군은 10.3%로 나타났다. BPI-K로 측정된 통증강도 평균은 1.91(SD=1.60)이었으며, 전체의 82.8%가 통증을 호소하였고 10.9%가 중증도 이상의 통증을 보고하였다. 위계적 회귀분석결과 최종모델에서 통증 일상생활방해정도, 직업 없음, 동거가족유형과 과거 정신과 질환이 우울의 유의미한 위험요인으로 나타났고, 불안의 위험요인은 통증 일상생활방해정도, 직업 없음 및 과거 정신과질환으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라 40대 유방암 생존자의 우울과 불안 유병률이 높으며, 우울과 불안의 위험요인에 초점을 두어 위험군에 대한 적절한 심리사회적 개입이 제공되어야 함을 지적해주고 있다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제47권
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• pp.71-106
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to provide information on the prevalence and change of Korean adolescent alcohol use and to identify related factors to adolescent alcohol use. This study collected data from a total of 4,373 adolescents nationally. Followings are the major findings of this study. First, 75.7 percent of respondents reported that they tried alcohol in their life time. More male respondents tried alcohol in their lifetime than female respondents, but there was no big difference. Findings on alcohol consumption by grade showed that as adolescents get older, they are more likely to try alcohol. Second, this study also found that whereas the drinking rates of male adolescents and higher graders were steady, the rates of female adolescents and lower graders were increased since 1997. Third, this study compared its findings with adolescent alcohol use in the United States. Little differences existed in measures of adolescent alcohol use in the two countries, but the differences in the rates of the past-month alcohol use and heavy drinking was greater in Korean adolescents than in American adolescents. Finally, this study found that peer related factors such as friend's alcohol use was the strongest factor related to respondents' alcohol use. Family-related factors and respondents' levels of psychosocial resources (cognitive control, coping skills, social support) were also significantly related to their alcohol use. This study suggest that future studies consider cultural aspects and regional differences in order to understand adolescent alcohol use in more depth.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.92-102
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the masticatory function of patients with different temporomandibular disorders (TMD) phenotypes, and to explore the risk factors for the masticatory function of TMD patients among multiple biopsychosocial variables using patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Methods: Clinical features and TMD diagnoses of 250 cases were investigated by reviewing medical records. Psychosocial factors were evaluated using four questionnaires representing pain severity and pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS), psychological distress (Symptom Check List-90-Revised, SCL-90R) and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders, TSK-TMD). Masticatory function, as a dependent variable, was determined using the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS). Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's rank correlation were used for analyses. Results: A total of 145 cases were included and classified into four subgroups including group 1: TMD with internal derangement without pain (n=14), group 2: TMD with muscle pain (n=32), group 3: TMD with joint pain (n=60) and group 4: TMD with muscle-joint combined pain (n=39). Pain severity (p=0.001) and interference (p=0.022) were the highest in group 2, but the mean global score of JFLS was the highest in group 3, followed by group 4, group 2, and group 1 (p=0.013). Pain severity, pain interference, the mean global score of PCS and the mean global score of TSK-TMD showed significant and moderate correlation with the mean global score of JFLS. All subdimensions and the global severity index of SCL-90R had significant, but weak correlations with all scores of JFLS. Conclusions: The results suggest that masticatory functional limitation depends on the TMD phenotypes. Among the various PROs, pain perception, pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia seem to be more influential risk factors on jaw function than psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2016

연구목적 소방관에서 기능성 소화불량의 유병률이 높고 기능성 소화불량의 발현과 악화에 심리사회적 요인이 깊이 연관되어 있음에도 불구하고 이에 관한 연구는 매우 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소방관들을 대상으로 기능성 소화불량에 관련되는 심리사회적 요인의 특징을 알아보고 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 소방관 1,217명을 대상으로 로마 III 진단기준에 따라 기능성 소화불량 집단을 선별하였다. 인구학적 요인을 조사하였으며 심리사회적 요인을 평가하기 위해 Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire-7(GAD-7), Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), Ways of Coping Checklist(WCCL), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale(RSES) 그리고 World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale abbreviated version(WHOQOL-BREF)를 사용하였다. 기능성 소화불량에 따라 집단을 나누고 교차분석(chisquare test)과 독립표본 t-검정(independent t-test)을 사용하여 집단 간의 차이를 알아보았다. 또한 KOSS의 각 하위 영역별로 기능성 소화불량의 위험도를 평가하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석(logistic regres-sion analysis)을 시행하였다. 기능성 소화불량 집단의 삶의 질과 독립변인들의 상관관계를 파악하기 위해 Pearson 상관분석(Pearson's correlation test)을 시행하였으며, 위계적 회귀분석(hierarchical regression anal-ysis)을 통해 기능성 소화불량 집단의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 예측 요인을 알아보았다. 결 과 기능성 소화불량 집단은 남성(p=0.006)이 많았고, PHQ-9(p<0.001), GAD-7(p<0.001), KOSS(p<0.001) 점수가 유의미하게 높았으며, RSES(p=0.008), WHOQOL-BREF(p<0.001) 점수는 유의미하게 낮았다. KOSS 하위 영역 중 높은 직무요구도(OR 1.94, 95% CI : 1.29-2.93), 부적절한 보상(OR 2.47, 95% CI : 1.61-3.81), 그리고 불편한 직장 문화(OR 1.51, 95% CI : 1.01-2.24)에서 기능성 소화불량의 위험도가 높았다. 기능성 소화불량 집단의 삶의 질에 대한 최종 회귀모델에서 우울증상과 직무스트레스가 낮고, 자아존중감이 높은 것이 삶의 질의 42.0%를 설명했다. 결 론 본 연구 결과 기능성 소화불량 및 삶의 질에 대한 심리사회적 요인의 영향이 확인되었다. 따라서 향후 기능성 소화불량의 평가에 있어 내과적 접근 뿐만 아니라 정신건강의학과적인 접근이 동시에 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2021

연구목적 본 연구에서는 기능성위장질환 환자를 과민성 대장 증후군, 기능성 소화불량, 기능성 변비, 기능성 흉부 작열감, 중복집단(두 개 이상의 기능성 질환이 중복)으로 분류하여 정신사회적 특성을 비교하고, 기능성위장질환 환자의 삶의 질과 연관된 요인들을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 일 대학병원 소화기 내과 전문의에 의해 기능성 위장질환으로 진단받은 환자 144명을 기능성위장질환 환자 집단으로 선정하였다. 인구통계학적 요인을 조사하였으며 정신사회적 요인을 평가하기 위해 Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean-Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), Korean version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (K-CTQ), Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Korean Version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF)를 사용하였다. 결 과 중복집단이 다른 집단에 비해 BDI-II 점수(F=11.09, p<0.001)와 BAI 점수(F=8.93, p<0.001)가 유의하게 높았다. 아동기 외상에서 정서적 방임(F=2.54, p=0.04)은 IBS 환자집단이 FD 환자 집단에 비해 유의하였다. FGID 환자에서 삶의 질은 우울증상(r=-0.196, p<0.01), 불안(r=-0.235, p<0.01), 아동기 트라우마(r=-0.222, p<0.01)와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 사회적 지지(r=0.512, p<0.01), 회복탄력성(r=0.581, p<0.01)과는 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 결 론 연구결과 중복 환자 집단에서 우울, 불안이 유의하게 높았으며 아동기 외상에서 IBS 환자 집단이 FD 환자 집단보다 정서적 방임이 유의하게 높았다. 따라서 추후 기능성 위장질환 환자의 치료에 있어 정신사회적 요인에 대한 적극적인 개입이 요구된다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1986

1986년 6월부터 1986년 8월까지 대구직할시 및 경상북도내 소재된 9개 양로원 재원노인 296명을 대상으로 실시한 Zung의 자가평가 우울척도상 평가의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 우울척도의 총점은 남자노인 $38.80{\pm}11.92$, 여자노인 $43.21{\pm}14.33$이었으며 남녀간 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 2. 우울의 항목별 성적은 남녀노인 공통으로 절망감, 무가치감, 공허감, 혼동 등에서 높았고, 항목별 남녀간 비교에서 여자노인군이 남자노인군에 비해서 유의하게 높은 성적을 보인 항목은 울음, 빈맥, 식욕감퇴, 주간 감정변화 등 4개 항목이었다. 3. 우울성적 분포는 50점 이상 고득점자가 남자노인 9명(16%), 여자노인 47명(33%) 등 56명(29%)으로 여자노인군에서 더 많은 수를 보였다. 4. 우울과 관련된 사회정신의학적 요인들중 남녀노인군에서 공통적으로 영향력을 미친 요인은 연령의 증가, 군 이하의 출생, 대도시에서의 성장 등이었으며, 남자 노인군보다 여자 노인군에서 우울성적이 유의하게 높게 나온 요인은 무직, 무학, 면에서의 성장, 종교시 천주교나 기독교의 경우와 사별(P<0.05), 흡연을 하는 경우 등이었다.