• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1995

In the International Classification of Sleep Disorders(ICSD), REM sleep behavior disorder(RBD) and nightmares are classified as 'parasomnias usually associated with REM sleep'. RBD can be defined as the intermittent absence of REM sleep EMG atonia and the appearance of the elaborate motor activity associated with dream mentation. Bilateral pontine tegmental lesions in cats induce RBD-like behavior, but in human cases, more than 60% are idiopathic. Polysomnograpy shows characteristic findings in REM sleep and treatment with clonazepam is highly effective. With nightmares as long, frightening dream decreasing with age, their persistence or apperance in adults is related with certain drugs, trauma, personality and psychotic episode. Psychotherapy, behavior techniques or medication is used for treatment, but all of nightmares do not require treatment.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1995

A 24-year-old woman complained of recurrent episodes of hypersomnia lasting on the average about 15 days with mild mood alternation such as depression and irritability. During interepisode interval, she was free of any symptoms. Depending on the absence of excessive eating and hypersexuality, she was clinically diagnosed as recurrent monosymptomatic hypersomnia or the incomplete form of Kleine-Levin syndrome. When nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test were performed 10 days after her recovery from a hypersomnic episode, reduced slow wave sleep % and pathologic daytime sleepiness were still noted. The authors suggest that the clinical recovery in recurrent monosymptomatic hypersomnia precede electrophysiological normalization by several days.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome(OSAS), that is a complex disease of neuromuscular, respiratory and cardiovascular system, can be cured by various treatment such as weight control, medical and surgical intervention. As most of OSAS may be caused by various anatomical abnormalities, preoperative evaluation for exact anatomical site of obstruction must be needed. And various diagnostic procedures such as fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, Mueller test, cinefluoroscopy, cephalometry, computerized tomography, polysomnography would be used for this purpose. Uvulopalotopharyngplasty is currently the most popular method for the patient with OSAS among various surgical maneuvers and is very effective for the relieving the symptoms as like snoring, daytime somnolence, and nocturnal restlessness etc. Although subjective improvement is not compatible with it's objective assessment in postoperative evaluation for it's results, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty could be a recommandable surgical procedure because of it's ample effectiveness in promoting symptom improvement without any risk of serious complications.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1995

The author compared indices of thyroid function in 76 patients with panic attack and 80 control subjects. And SCL-90-R was performed to evaluate the relationship between the psychiatric symptoms and thyroid indices in the patients with panic attack The results were as follows: 1). No siginificant differences in T3, T4 or TSH were found between the two groups. But T3 level was significantly lower in male panic patients than male controls(p<0.005). 2) The T3 level was significantly lower in male panic patients who had higher depression socre than average in SCL-90-R(p<0.025). 3) The TSH level was significantly lower in patients with higher anxiety(p<0.001) and phobia(p<0.05) score and in female panic patients(p<0.001) with higher anxiety and phobia score than average in SCL-90-R. 4) The phobic symptom(p<0.001) was siginificantly higher and the T3 level(p<0.005) was lower in the male than the female patients with panic attack.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2005

The pathogenesis and mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been under investigation for over 25 years, but its etiology and mechanism remains elusive. Skeletal (maxillary and/or mandibular hypoplasia or retrodisplacement, inferior displacement of hyoid) and soft tissue (increased volume of soft tissue, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, macroglossia, thickened lateral pharyngeal walls) factors, pharyngeal compliance (increased), pharyngeal muscle factors (impaired strength and endurance of pharyngeal dilators and fixators), sensory factors (impaired mechanoreceptor sensitivity, impaired pharyngeal dilator reflexes), respiratory control system factors (unstable respiratory control) and so on facilitate collapse upper airway. Therefore, OSA may be a heterogeneous disorder, rather than a single disease entity and various pathogenic factors contribute to the OSA varies person to person. As a result, patients may respond to different therapeutic approaches based on the predominant abnormality leading to the sleep-disordered breathing.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2011

Childhood narcolepsy is one of the underdiagnosed diseases even the first symptoms often appear in childhood. Making diagnosis through history taking is not always easy because the symptoms of childhood narcolepsy are different from those of adulthood. Diagnostic laboratory tests such as sleep studies, tests for human leukocyte antigens, cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement should be considered when the child has excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy. Treatment approach should be start as early as possible to avoid secondary academic, emotional difficulties. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, and close cooperation between parents and school teachers should be maintained. In the near future, childhood narcolepsy can be a key to understand the pathogenesis of narcolepsy.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2011

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is a newly recognized parasomnia that describes a clinical condition of compulsive eating under an altered level of consciousness during sleep. Recently, it is increasingly recognized in clinical practice. The exact etiology of SRED is unclear, but it is assumed that SRED might share features of both sleepwalking and eating disorder. There have been also accumulating reports of SRED related to the administration of various psychotropic drugs, such as zolpidem, triazolam, olanzapine, and combinations of psychotropics. Especially, zolpidem in patients with underlying sleep disorders that cause frequent arousals, may cause or augment sleep related eating behavior. A thorough sleep history is essential to recognition and diagnosis of SRED. The timing, frequency, and description of food ingested during eating episodes should be elicited, and a history of concurrent psychiatric, medical, sleep disorders must also be sought and evaluated. Interestingly, dopaminergic agents as monotherapy were effective in some trials. Success with combinations of dopaminergic and opioid drugs, with the addition of sedatives, has also been reported in some case reports.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

There has been a growing interest in sleep problems associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on the underlying sleep problems associated with ADHD. Sleep problems are very common in children with ADHD. Patients with ADHD may have sleep difficulties including difficulty falling asleep, frequent night awakening, increased tiredness upon waking. Children with ADHD are associated to restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement and sleep-disordered breathing. Screening for other psychiatric comorbidities and the side effects of medications, such as psychostimulants, is also necessary when considering sleep problems in ADHD. Sleep problems can cause a negative impact on the quality of life and emotional well-being both of children with ADHD and their parents. Many evidences suggest that assessment of sleep difficulties should be included in evaluating the patient of ADHD.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a method whereby cues associated with previous learning are used to externally reactivate aspects of this learning. Research findings demonstrate that TMR can be a useful tool to enhance memory consolidation during sleep in both animals and humans, especially in the declarative/spatial domain. Neurocognitive processing during sleep with covert cueing via auditory or olfactory stimulation can benefit memory storage. These beneficial effects on memory consolidation during sleep are associated with the activation of memory-related brain areas. The purpose of the present review is to provide a short overview of the findings of studies that adopted the TMR method of sleep-dependent memory consolidation and to suggest the potential applications of TMR in variable areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.167-175
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• 2000

Work performance and human error are complicated phenomena so that it is very difficult to grasp the true nature of them. However, Event Related Potential (ERP) may give a clue to them because human brain reflects diverse psychophysiological process. In the present study, the possibility of ERP application to the ergonomic area was evaluated in view of grasping error symptoms. For that purpose, the subjects were asked to count specific characters in a random character matrix on a computer monitor, and their ERP was compared with their performance data. Based upon the results, the amplitude of P300 was not so high as that in the case of the Odd Ball tasks, correct response corresponded with stable ERP with high P300 amplitude whereas wrong response did with unstable, fluctuating ERP with low P300 amplitude. Those results coincided with the work performance, and it was concluded that 3-wave fluorescent with illumination level of 800 lux would be recommendable for the counting task in concern. Conclusively, ERP including P300 might supply an objective clue to the problem of human errors in cognitive process.