• Survey Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2008

Telephone directories ille still being used as the sampling frame in almost all fixed-line telephone surveys in Korea, causing potentially serious coverage error. RDD (random digit dialing) sampling is an obvious alternative to solve the problem. The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) proposal of RDD methodology suitable to the telephone system of Korea and 2) the identification of socio-demographic and socio-psychological differences between listed-number and unlisted-number respondents. Major findings of RDD telephone survey conducted experimental]y are as follows. 1) Population coverage by telephone directories is 60% or less. 2) Unlisted-number households have statistically larger income compared to listed-number households. 3) Unlisted-number households have smaller family size compared to listed-number households. 4) Unlisted-number respondents are more sensitive about confidentiality, leaks, 5) Unlisted-number respondents are more liberal compared to unlisted-number respondents. These facts suggest that directory-based telephone surveys tend to be biased in socio-economic aspects.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.344-351
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• 2016

Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by xerosis, ultraviolet light sensitivity, and cutaneous dyspigmentation. Due to defects in their DNA repair mechanism, genetic mutations and carcinogenesis inevitably occurs in almost all patients. In these patients, reconstruction of cutaneous malignancies in the head and neck area is associated with some challenges such as likelihood of recurrence and an aggressive clinical course. The aim of this study is to discuss the therapeutic options and challenges commonly seen during the course of treatment. Methods Between 2005 and 2015, 11 XP patients with head and neck cutaneous malignancies were included in this study. Demographic data and treatment options of the patients were evaluated. Results The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range, 10-43) (4 males, 7 females). The most common tumor type and location were squamous cell carcinoma (6 patients) and the orbital region (4 patients), respectively. Free tissue transfer was the most commonly performed surgical intervention (4 patients). The average number of surgical procedures was 5.5 (range, 1-25). Six patients were siblings with each other, 5 patients had local recurrences, and one patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusions Although genetic components of the disease have been elucidated, there is no definitive treatment algorithm. Early surgical intervention and close follow-up are the gold standard modalities due to the tendency toward rapid tumor growth and possible recurrence. Treatment must be individualized for each patient. In addition, the psychological aspect of the disease is an important issue for both patients and families.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-182
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a 3 day Hwa-Byung forests healing program, which consists of helpful contents of Korean medicine. Methods : This study examined the effects of forests healing for Hwa-Byung patients, visited Korean medicine hospital neuropsychiatry clinic for outpatients. The Hwa-Byung forests healing program was run with 20 participants; 4 of them quit in the middle of the program and excluded in data analysis. The Hwa-Byung forests healing program consisted of 3 day helpful Korean medicine contents. The primary outcome measurement was Hwa-Byung symptom score, which measured various symptoms of Hwa-Byung. Results : The results of this study showed that Hwa-Byung symptoms were significantly alleviated. General psychological states, including depression, anxiety, and anger, were significantly improved. Quality of life was also enhanced after 3 day program. These results indicate that the 3 day Hwa-Byung forests healing program was effective for the overall improvements of Hwa-Byung patients. Conclusions : The 3 day Hwa-Byung forests healing program were shown to be an effective intervention in improving the overall aspects of Hwa-Byung patients, including symptoms, depression, anxiety, anger, and Quality of life.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-278
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• 2008

Stress reaction can be shown widely in the systems of psychology, endocrinology, immunology and so on. Stress promotes catecholamine from the autonomic nerve system, and this activates the sympathetic nerve system. As the sympathetic nerve system is activated, high blood pressure, tachycardia, vertigo, anxiety, diaphoresis, myotonic reaction and others can happen. Autonomic imbalance is the syndrome that people suffer from various symptoms accompanying no organic lesions and no psychological disorders by losing the hormonies between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system. We experienced a 55 year-old female who complained of sudden abdominal pain after being frightened at trouble with her husband. Her abdominal pain was very characteristic, "Something is like rising in my abdomen.", that occurred several times a day. We diagnosed 'Bun-Ton Disease' from her abdominal sign. Several oriental medicine books recorded aspects of Bun-Ton disease and treatments, we had given herbal medicine and treated acupuncture be based on those. Results from studies to date suggest the Bun-Ton Disease's main cause is fright or shock, and they stimulate releasing epinephrine or norepinephrine, that result in various symptoms. In this case report, we will present this patient's case and review the Bun-Ton Disease.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.550-555
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• 2014

Background Nipple reconstruction following breast mound reconstruction is the final step in breast reconstruction. Although nipple reconstruction is a simple surgery, the psychological aspects of nipple reconstruction are thought to be important. Nipple projection is a key factor in determining patient satisfaction with the surgery. In the present study, the Hammond flap technique was introduced for nipple reconstruction. Methods Twenty-six patients who had undergone breast reconstruction from February 2008 to March 2012 were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were evaluated based on preoperative photos, and their nipple diameters and heights were measured. Postoperative evaluation was conducted 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following nipple reconstruction. A questionnaire on patient satisfaction with the nipple reconstruction was administered 12 months after nipple reconstruction. Moreover, the same plastic surgeon scored nipple projection and overall cosmetic result of the new nipple. Results The mean projection was 4.4 mm (range, 3-6 mm), and it well matched the contralateral nipple. Twelve months following nipple reconstruction, the mean reduction rate in the nipple projection was 43.6%. Patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the nipple projection and the overall cosmetic result in 80.7% cases. Conclusions In the present study, compared with other techniques, the use of the Hammond flap technique in nipple reconstruction showed competitive results with regard to nipple projection and patient satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.17-27
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• 2008

Logistic activities of shippers contains only origin-destin commodity flow information, but also contract relationships, cash flows and distribution channels. Under the lack of understanding of physical distribution channels, most studies have focused on the social and psychological aspects between manufacturers and retailers (e.g., mutual trust, power, conflict, reciprocal commitment, and so on). This study reports empirical results of distribution channel choice drawn from 2001 Korean Commodity Flow Survey(CFS) conducted by Korean government. Based on the CFS data, four distribution channels are classified. This study scrutinized how various factors including mode, commodity and firms characteristics affect distribution channel choice, and reported the problems of 2001 CFS survey questionaires and future directions.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2002

In the face of rapidly changing society and consumer cognition, eyer-increasing importance of strategies for creating good images for a company among critical factors inf1uencing management in terms of its survive is prevalent. Today, many companies strive for getting or improving their images with advertisements for corporate identity as well as public advertisements, which is considered as a requirement of this society and age for good images of companies rather for only good products and services. In this study, we analyzed and compared the largest companies in Korea, mainly in their printed materials for advertisements over the last 10 years from 1990. Corporate advertisements performed by domestic companies could be classified into several types based on their theoretical backgrounds and creative concepts. Basic theoretical backgrounds of corporate advertisements induced in the study are recognitive-psychological model and associative learning model. And, six areas of cases were classified and analysed in terms of their such creative concepts as random difference, competitive advantage and specific creativity. We analyzed and compared cases of strategies for domestic corporate advertisements with reference to these six each area in their effects and problems in terms of theoretical and practical aspects and thereby purpose to provide companies with reference in developing strategies for corporate advertisements of companies.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.263-278
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• 1999

Computer with various powerful functions has profound potential for mathematics instruction and learning. As computer technology progress, its applicability to mathematics education become more comprehensive. Not only its functional development but various psychological positions also changed the way computer technology utilized in mathematics education. In behaviorist's perspective, computer viewed as a teaching machine and constructivist viewed computer as microworld where students could explore various mathematical contents. Both theoretical positions emphasized individual aspect of learning because behaviorist tried to individualize learning using computer and constructivist focused on the process of individual construction. But learning is not only a individual event but also a social event. Therefore we must take social aspect into account. This is especially important when it comes to computer based learning. So far, mathematics loaming with computer weighed individual aspect of loaming. Even in microworld environment, learning should be mediated by teacher and collaborative learning activities. In this aspect, the roles of teacher and peers are very important and socio-cultural perspective sheds light on the computer based learning. In socio-cultural perspective, the idea of scaffold is very important in learning and students gradually internalize the social dimension and scaffolding is gradually faded. And in the zone of proximal development, teacher and more competent peers guide students to formulate their own understanding. In sum, we must take following points into account. First of all, computer should not be viewed as a medium for individualized teaming. That is, interaction with computer should be catalyst for collaborative activities with peers. So, exploration in computer environment has to be followed by small group activities including small group discussion. Secondly, regardless of the role that computer would play, teacher should play a crucial role in computer based learning. This does not mean teacher should direct every steps in learning process. Teacher's intervention should help student construct actively. Thirdly, it is needed to conceptualize computer in learning situation as medium. This would affect learning situation and result in the change of pre-service and in-service teacher training. Computer to be used effectively in mathematics classroom, researches on assessment of computer based learning are needed.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.224-237
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• 1998

The purpose of this study that was based on the theory review about the practical use necessity of school landscape was to survey on the awareness of elementary school teachers about the applications of school landscape for environmental education. This study was carried out through the review of literature, the questionnaire to 132 elementary school teachers in Seongnam City. The findings derived from this study were as follows : First, School landscape is an important field as environmental education resource for the improvement of school environmental education. Especially, for the improvement of environmental sensitivity through field-experience learning, the practical applications of elementary school landscape is very important and urgent in aspects of environmental education theory, accessibility, and convenience. Second, Most of responded teachers give an affirmative answer about the field-experience learning for school environmental education and the necessity of practical use of school landscape for field-experience learning. Several the improvement to use elementary school landscape for environmental education being suggested by teachers are the increase of financial support, the magnification of school area, and the school landscape planning and design in consideration of environmental education by landscape architect expert. Third, Above half of teachers don't agree to use the roof garden for environmental education because of the safety of students and the school building construction. Fourth, Teachers are more satisfied with the status of school landscape maintenance than the practical usability of school landscape in aspect of environmental education and the facilities in school landscape. Teachers think that the most important functions and roles of school landscape is psychological factor.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.267-277
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the related factors of quality of life (QOL) among middle-male with chronic liver disease. Method: The participants in this study were 110 patients with chronic liver disease who were recruited from the outpatient clinic of hospital. Between March and May 2014, data were collected through questionnaires and medical record review. Data analysis was performed using PASW (SPSS) 19.0 program, and one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and enter multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean QOL of this study was 48.16/100. The significant correlates of QOL were anxiety-depression (${\beta}$=.33, p<.001), symptom experience (${\beta}$=.15, p=.001), health perception(${\beta}$=.31, p<.001), disease status(${\beta}$=.17, p=.022), spouse (${\beta}$=.23, p=.001), and these variables explained 68.6% of variance in QOL. Conclusion: The study suggests that psychological aspects are an important factor in explaining QOL of the middle-male with chronic liver disease. Screening and minimizing anxiety-depression could be effective strategies in enhancing QOL of middle-male with chronic liver disease.