• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.48-53
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• 2009

Background: Bell's palsy produces a complex problem that involves not only facial motor weakness, but also psychiatric issues. However, the relationship between facial neuromotor system impairment and psychological adjustment has not been well understood. Methods: We have performed psychological evaluations in patients with acute unilateral Bell's palsy within 2 weeks after onset. Thirty patients with Bell's palsy (10 men, 20 women) were included, who were diagnosed by neurologic examination, electrophysiologic study and/or brain MRI. We measured facial motor scale of impairment (House-Brackmann, HB scale) and psychosocial adjustment [Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)] at the time of initial presentation and 1 month after diagnosis. Results: The age of the enrolled patients ranged from 16 to 80 years. The mean grade of initial and follow up HB scale were 3.87 (SD: 0.63, range 2~5) and 1.77 (SD: 1.10, range 1~5). The mean score of initial and follow up BAI, BDI were 11.93 (range; 0 to 47, SD: 9.65, very low anxiety), 14.73 (range; 0 to 41, SD: 9.21 minimal depression) and 7.5 (range; 0 to 36, SD: 8.58, very low anxiety), 9.33 (range; 0 to 30, SD: 8.19 minimal depression). There was positive correlation between improvement of HB scale and improvement of BAI and BDI score. Conclusions: Bell's palsy is associated with the psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, and the improvement of motor symptom is associated with the improvement of these psychological problems.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and clinical features of adverse events associated with herbal medicine, and to analyze their causality and severity. Methods This study was carried out from 159 children and adolescents who took herbal medicine in the Department of Pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medical Hospital from december, 2013 to april, 2014. The data was collected by survey in person or telephone. The World Health Organization (WHO)-Uppsala Monitoring Center (UMC) criteria was used to analyze causality for each adverse events. Results 1. 207 cases were surveyed from 159 children and adolescents who took one or more kinds of herbal medicine. 2. A total of 12 general adverse events (5.8%) were reported from the study. Among these adverse events, 8 cases (3.9%) were associated with herbal medicine. 3. Gastro-intestinal system disorders were most frequently reported (70%) as adverse events, which is followed by psychiatric disorders (15%), skin and appendages disorders (10%), urinary system disorders (5%). 4. The most common clinical symptom was abdominal pain (20%), followed by diarrhea (15%), loose stools (10%), vomiting (10%) and borborygmus (10%). 5. The severity of adverse drug reactions was mostly mild (87.5%), and moderate (12.5%). There was no severe case. Conclusions The adverse events from herbal medicine on children and adolescents were mostly minor, most of them could continue herbal medicines.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2015

Objectives The principal aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristic depressive symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder in comparison to patients with depressive disorder. Methods This study included 132 patients with SAD, 128 panic disorder and 64 depressive disorder (major depressive disorder, dysthymia etc.) patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders. The Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) is used to measure depressive symptoms. We divided BDI into three categories originally described by Shafer AB, including negative attitude toward self, performance impairment, and somatic symptoms. We compared the depressive symptoms of SAD, panic disorder and depressive disorder by using ANOVA. Results Negative attitude toward self was noticeable in SAD (SAD $0.54{\pm}0.23$, panic disorder $0.41{\pm}0.17$, depressive disorder $0.46{\pm}0.11$, p < 0.001). Performance impairment and somatic symptoms were remarkable in panic disorder than in SAD and depressive disorder (performance impairment : SAD $0.39{\pm}0.21$, panic disorder $0.44{\pm}0.14$, depressive disorder $0.40{\pm}0.09$, p = 0.009 ; somatic symptoms : SAD $0.07{\pm}0.10$, panic disorder $0.15{\pm}0.12$, depressive disorder $0.14{\pm}0.08$, p < 0.001). Conclusions The results facilitate an approach to optimal treatment for patients with comorbidity of anxiety disorder and depression.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2017

Objectives: The study aimed to identify the characteristics of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that was not diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, but only in adulthood. Methods: The characteristics of patients diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood were compared with those of patients diagnosed in childhood were assessed via a retrospective review of the medical records at one university hospital from 2005 to 2013. If the age at which they were confirmed as having ADHD was less than 19 years old, they were grouped as childhood-diagnosed group (CD); if they were 19 years old or more, they were grouped as adulthood-diagnosed group (AD). Results: The CD and AD included 50 (46.3%) and 58 (53.7%) patients, respectively. Inattention was the most common symptom in both groups. Behavioral and emotional problems were the second most frequent symptoms in the CD and AD, respectively. The intelligent quotient was significantly higher in the AD than in the CD. The most common comorbidity was depression in the CD and personality disorder in the AD. The most common reason for visiting the hospital was referral by acquaintances in the CD and media coverage in the AD. Conclusion: Clinicians should put ADHD on the index of suspicion when they examine adults with various psychiatric symptoms, because the diagnosis of ADHD might have been missed in childhood and the symptoms of ADHD might have changed as they grew up.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2000

Depression is a psychiatric syndrom consisting of dejected mood, psychomotor retardation, insomnia and weight loss, sometimes associated with irrational guilt feeling. And it is also similiar to Hwa-byung(火病) symptom in oriental medicine. But it is difficult to diagnose with objective method. Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I.) is one of diagnotic method that measure the changes of skin temperature in body. Specially we checked the skin temperature on depressed patients by using D.I.T.I. and compared with Bell's palsy patients and normal persons group. The results are as follows; Average body temperature of the depressed patient group is $36.68{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C.$ and that of the control group is $36.73{\pm}0.40^{\circ}C.$. So there is no meaningful difference. The depressed patient group has higher temperature than the control group by ${\triangle}T>1.0^{\circ}C$ at the following acupuncture points in these body parts - upper and lower, left and right, anterior and posterior. When acupuncture points temperature was compared superior and inferior part of the body, depressed patient group have meaningful difference at the GV-4(Myung-moon) and also in the control group. When acupuncture points temperature was compared left and right part of the body, depressed patient group have no meaningful difference and also in the control group. When acupuncture points temperature was compared in the anterior and posterior part of the body, depressed patient group have meaningful difference at the GV-4(Myung- moon) and also in the control group. From this study, we think that D.I.T.I. could be used to diagnose objectively on the depressed patients and useful to another psychoneurogenic diagnosis in oriental medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.194-200
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• 1994

When children exhibit unusually intense or persistent sexual interests or behavior, this is an indication that they have been exposed to more than the expectable amount of sexual experience, Although sexualized behavior and/or statement is a symptom of sexual abuse, it is not necessarily an indication of sexual abuse. The possibility of false allegation needs to be considered, particularly if allegations are coming from the parent rather than a child, if parents are engaged in dispute over custody or visitation, and/or if the child is a preschooler. False allegations may arise in other situations as well, such as the misinterpretation of a child's statement or behavior by relative or caretakers. And children may make false statement in psychiatric evaluations. A case of false allegation of sexual abuse made by mentally retarded 10 year-old girl who has been located in an institute is presented. During her evaluation process, it was clinician's diagnostic impression that she had no been sexually abused but sexually stimulated in some way, and most of what she said was a fantasy lie. Its pathological mechanism is discussed in terms of pseudologia fantastica along with the review of literatures.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.381-388
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• 2013

The study was done to identify factors influencing the health risk behavior of the chronic mental illness in the community. A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The sample was 255 chronic mentally ill persons from D city and C province and who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected on August-september, 2011 and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20. Stress event, insight and depression had significant correlations with health risk behavior. Hierarchial regression analysis showed gender (men), diagnosis (schizophrenia), stress event, insight and depression together explained 24% of variance in health risk behavior. Findings of this study allow a comprehensive understanding of health risk behavior of the chronic mentally ill persons in community. It is necessary to integrated health promotion programs designed for this population should focus on these factors for effective behavioral modification.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.10 no.1 s.19
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

The majority of esophageal Foreign body ingestions occur in the pediatric population. In adults, true foreign object ingestion occurs more commonly among those with psychiatric disorders, mental impairment. The management of esophageal foreign bodies is influenced by the age, clinical condition of ingested material, anatomic location and technical abilities of the endoscopist. Recently the therapeutic endoscopy is becoming wider and more rational in application. We evaluated the role of endoscopy for removal of esophageal foreign bodies during the period of 4 years from January 2000 to December 2003 at the Department of Otolaryngology and Gastroenterology, Seonam University Hospital. The results were as follow, 1) The age ranged from 21 to 74 years old (mean 50.5), most frequent age group was between 61-70 years old and male to female ratio was 1:1.4. 2) Fish bone was the most frequent foreign body in the esophagus ($47.1\%$), food material ($23.5\%$) and meats ($17.6\%$) were next frequent foreign bodies. The most frequent site of lodgement was the first ($78.4\%$), second ($17.6\%$) and third narrowing ($3.9\%$) in order. 3) The most common symptom was foreign body sensation (28.6%). the next common symptoms were chest discomfort($23.8\%$) and dysphagia($19\%$). 4) In duration of lodgement, 49cases ($96.1\%$) were lodged for less than one day. 5) The foreign bodies of esophagus were removed successfully by flexible endoscope with basket, snare, forceps, overtube and endoscopic variceal ligation cap. There were only 3 cases of minimal complications, esophageal mucosal tearing. In conclusion, endoscopic esophageal foreign body removal is useful and safe with minimal or no complications.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2021

Objectives Our study aimed to present the distinctive correlates of formal thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia, using the Clinical Language Disorder Rating Scale (CLANG). Methods We compared clinical characteristics between schizophrenia patients with (n = 84) and without (n = 82) formal thought disorder. Psychometric scales including the CLANG, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Calgery Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and the Word Fluency Test (WFT) were used. Results After adjusting the effects of age, sex and total scores on the BPRS, YMRS and WFT, the subjects with disorganized speech presented significantly higher score on the abnormal syntax (p = 0.009), lack of semantic association (p = 0.005), discourse failure (p < 0.0001), pragmatics disorder (p = 0.001), dysarthria (p < 0.0001), and paraphasic error (p = 0.005) items than those without formal thought disorder. With defining the mentioned item scores as covariates, binary logistic regression model predicted that discourse failure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.88, p < 0.0001) and pragmatics disorder (aOR = 2.17, p = 0.04) were distinctive correlates of formal thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions This study conducted Clinician Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS) and CLANG scales on 166 hospitalized schizophrenia patients to explore the sub-items of the CLANG scale independently related to formal thought disorders in schizophrenia patients. Discourse failure and pragmatics disorder might be used as the distinctive indexes for formal thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2019

Objectives: Awareness of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has significantly increased; however, clinical data specific to the Korean population are insufficient. Clinical experience of ADHD may differ based on whether psychiatrists have received pediatric psychiatry-specific training. In order to prepare a practice parameter for adult ADHD patients in Korea, we examined questionnaire data to observe how pediatric psychiatry training could affect clinical practice for adults with ADHD. Methods: A questionnaire about the diagnosis and treatment process was distributed to both general psychiatrists (GPsy) and child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAP) at the summer and winter workshop meetings of Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Results: In total, 142 psychiatrists participated in the survey (86 GPsy, 56 CAP). GPsy and CAP preferred pharmacotherapy (GPsy 82.40%, CAP 64.30%) as the primary treatment option and answered that the clinical psychiatric interview is the most necessary step in diagnostic assessment (GPsy 22.16%, CAP 19.00%). The GPsy responded with an optimal and average treatment duration that was shorter than that reported by CAP. Conclusion: Identification of the initial presenting symptom as the correct diagnosis and the optimal duration of pharmacotherapy differed between GPsy and CAP in practice, whereas concepts in diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adults were similar for both groups. These results suggest the urgent need for the Continuing Medical Education program for psychiatrists treating adults with ADHD.