• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5695-5699
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• 2012

We investigated the relationships between demographics, lifestyle characteristics, and serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration and examined the population-based distribution of total PSA by age among 2,246 Korean men with a median age of 45 years. We obtained data about demographic and lifestyle characteristics based on self-reporting using a quetionnaire. We also performed physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical measurements. The PSA concentration increased with age and there was a significant difference in total PSA concentration between the age groups of 21-60 years and >60 years. Age >60 years, height ${\geq}1.8$ m, a low frequency of alcohol consumption, and taking nutritional supplements showed a significantly increased odds ratio for increased PSA when 3.0 ng/mL was chosen as the PSA cut-off level. Smoking status, BMI, percent body fat, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, herbal medicine use, vitamin use, and diet were not significantly associated with total PSA regardless of the cut-off level. When interpreting a single PSA test, height, alcohol consumption, and nutritional supplement use should be considered, in addition to age.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.351-361
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• 2017

Bacterial canker is the largest limiting factor in the cultivation and production of kiwifruit worldwide. Typical symptoms comprise necrotic spots on leaves, canker and dieback on canes and trunks, twig wilting, and blossom necrosis. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which is the causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker, is divided into four biovars based on multilocus sequence analysis of different genes, additional PCR testing of pathogenic genes (argKtox cluster, cfl, and various effector genes), and biochemical and physiological characterization. Bacterial canker caused by Psa biovar 2 designated Psa2 was detected for the first time on the green-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar Hayward in 1988 and the yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar Hort16A in 2006 in Korea. Psa biovar 3 designated Psa3, responsible for the current global pandemics of kiwifruit bacterial canker, began to appear in Korea in 2011 and caused tremendous economic losses by destroying many vines or orchards of yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars in one or several growing seasons. Bacterial canker epidemics caused by both Psa2 and Psa3 are prevalent in Korea in recent years. In this review, we summarize the symptomatology, etiology, disease cycle, diagnosis, and epidemiology of kiwifruit bacterial canker in Korea.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2016

제지산업은 다량의 산업부산물을 배출하고 있으며, 제지애쉬 발생량도 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제지애쉬를 시멘트 혼합재로 사용하기 위해서 수화수를 사용하여 전처리 하였다. 전처리 제지애쉬와 석고를 혼합하여 혼합재를 제조하였으며, 이후 시멘트를 대체하여 사용하였다. 제지애쉬 혼합시멘트는 제지애쉬 함량에 따라 물성이 변화하였으나, 10% 이하 사용시에는 기존 OPC와 동등 물성이 발현되었다. 이때 압축강도는 수화물 중 $Ca(OH)_2$의 생성량과도 일정 상관성을 나타내었으며, 3일 강도는 $Ca(OH)_2$ 함량이 증가할수록, 28일 강도는 감소할수록 압축강도가 증가하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.1234-1245
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• 2018

The risk of multi-unit nuclear power plants (NPPs) at a site has received considerable critical attention recently. However, current probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) procedures and computer code do not support multi-unit PSA because the traditional PSA structure is mostly used for the quantification of single-unit NPP risk. In this study, the main purpose is to develop a multi-unit Level 2 PSA method and apply it to full-power operating six-unit OPR1000. Multi-unit Level 2 PSA method consists of three steps: (1) development of single-unit Level 2 PSA; (2) extracting the mapping data from plant damage state to source term category; and (3) combining multi-unit Level 1 PSA results and mapping fractions. By applying developed multi-unit Level 2 PSA method into six-unit OPR1000, site containment failure probabilities in case of loss of ultimate heat sink, loss of off-site power, tsunami, and seismic event were quantified.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review primary research exploring the correlations between the levels of serum testosterone and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in healthy men without prostate diseases. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using the Whittemore & Knafle (2005) framework. The keywords, 'testosterone & prostate-specific antigen', 'testosterone & PSA' and 'healthy men' were used to search peer-reviewed publications in six databases. Among 1,959 searched articles, eleven articles were selected after excluding articles that do not meet inclusion criteria. Literature quality was moderate (Level 3). Results: As a result of this study, it was confirmed through the nine articles that healthy adult men showed no significant correlation between the serum testosterone and the PSA. Conversely, two articles presented that the serum PSA correlate positively with the testosterone. In particular, it is inferred that the effect of the serum testosterone and the PSA secreted into a 24-hour circadian rhythm with different amplitudes and slopes would have had great influence. However, it does not consider the factors affecting the testosterone and the PSA, such as race, liver disease, and BMI, so there is insufficient empirical data to clearly explain the relationship between the testosterone and the PSA. Conclusion: The correlation between the serum testosterone and the PSA in healthy adult men is insignificant in relation to the circadian rhythm of the testosterone and the PSA secretion. It is that a large-scale study including various influencing factors using new biochemical indicators such as pro PSA be conducted in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6121-6125
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• 2014

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a potential biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) but its level is known to be affected by many background factors and roles of ubiquitous toxicants have not been determined. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous reproductive toxicants used in consumer products, which promote tumor formation in some reproductive model systems by binding to AhR, but human data on its expression in prostate cancer as well as its association with PSA levels are not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of AhR and its association with serological levels of PSA and to detect possible effects of background factors and EDC exposure history on PSA levels in PCa cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the tissue levels of AhR and serum levels of PSA in 53 PCa cases from 2008-2011 and associations between each and background and lifestyle related factors were determined. Results: Although the AhR was overexpressed in PCa and correlated with the age of patients, it did not correlate with PSA levels.Of nutritional factors, increased intake of polysaturated fats and fish in the routine regimen of PCa cases increased the PSA levels significantly. Conclusions: AhR overexpression in PCa pontws to roles of EDCs in PCa but without any direct association with PSA levels. However, PSA levels are affected by exposure to possible toxicants in foods whichneed to be assessed as possible risk factors of PCa in future studies.

• 청정기술
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2004

PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) 공정과 VSA (Vacuume Swing Adsorption) 공정은 산소를 얻기 위산 중/소규모의 분리 공정들 중에서 가장 널리 쓰이는 공정들이다. PSA 공정과 VSA 공정은 주기적인 압력 변화에 따른 각각의 흡착질의 흡착제에 대한 흡착량의 차이를 이용하여 분리하는 공통점을 가지고 있지만 가압과 탈착 압력에서 차이가 있다. 이번 연구에서는 압력평등화를 포함하는 6단계 PSA 공정과 5단계 VSA 공정을 제시하였고, 흡착 시간과 가압 시간, 그리고 압력 평등화 시간의 변화에 따른 산소순도와 회수율의 변화를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 제올라이트 10X를 사용한 VSA 공정은 제올라이트 5A를 사용한 PSA 공정과 제올라이트 13X를 사용한 VSA 공정보다 우수한 성능을 보였다. 또한, 동일한 시간에서 PSA와 VSA 공정의 순도와 회수율간의 관계를 비교하여 200Torr 정도의 진공압력 상태에서는 VSA 공정이 PSA 공정보다 회수율과 생산성이 높았다. 이 사실을 바탕으로 높은 생산성과 대규모화에는 PSA 공정에 비해 VSA 공정이 적합하다는 사실을 알아내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2941-2946
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• 2016

Background: The limitations of total serum PSA values remain problematic, especially after an initial negative prostate biopsy. In this prospective study of Chilean men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer due to a persistently elevated total serum PSA, abnormal digital rectal examination and initial negative prostate biopsy were compared with the use of the on-line Chun nomagram, detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) and free percent PSA to predict a positive second prostate biopsy. We hypothesized that men negative for circulating prostate cells have a small risk of clinically significant prostate cancer and thus may be conservatively observed. Men positive for circulating prostate cells should undergo biopsy to confirm prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Consecutive men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer underwent 12 core TRUS prostate biopsy; age, total serum PSA and percentage free PSA and Chun nomagram scores were registered. Immediately before biopsy an 8ml blood simple was taken to detect primary mCPCs. Mononuclear cells were obtained by differential gel centrifugation and identified using double immunostaining with anti-PSA and anti-P504S. Biopsies were classifed as cancer/no-cancer, mCPC detecton test as negative/positive and the total number of cells/8ml registered. Areas under the curve (AUC) for percentage free PSA, Chun score and CPCs were calculated and compared. Diagnostic yields were calculated with reference to the number of possible biopsies that could be avoided and the number of clinically significant cancers that would be missed. Results: A total of 164 men underwent a second biopsy; 41 (25%) had cancer; the AUCs were 0.65 for free PSA, 0.76 for the Chun score and 0.87 for CPC detection, the last having a significantly superior prediction value (p=0.01). Using cut off values of free PSA <10%, Chun score >50% and ${\geq}1$ CPC detected, CPC detection had a higher diagnostic yield. Some 4/41 cancers complied with the criteria for active surveillance, free PSA and the Chun score missed a higher number of significant cancers when compared with CPC detection. Conclusions: Primary CPC detection outperformed the use of free PSA and the Chun nomagram in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer at repeat prostate biopsy.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.519-523
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• 2009

This paper presents the analysis of pitch static attitude (PSA) in thermally assisted magnetic recording (TAMR) suspension. The TAMR suspension using an optical fiber has high stiffness such as vertical, pitch and roll. Therefore, P-torque is greatly increased by the optical fiber. Also, flying height (FH) of the slider with TAMR suspension can be largely changed by PSA. In this paper, we focus on the FH by PSA of TAMR suspension. The FH is investigated using various PSA and proper PSA is proposed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.1520-1523
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• 1997

A rigorous dynamic simulation was performed in binary gas mixture H$_{2}$/CO (70:30 vol.%) to determinate start-up operating conditions of PSA(Pressure Swing Adsorption) processes. The rigorous dynamic model for the PSA process contains an Ergun equation for expressing the pressure drop in a bed, and valve equations to compute the boundary pressure change of the bed. As the result of the continuous dynamic simulation of 100 operating cyles in various initial conditions, the unsteady-state appeared in the early period and the cyclic steady-state came out about 20th cycle in feed condition and vaccum condition, and 30th cycle in pure H$_{2}$ condition. As time goes by valve equations made change the pressure at each end of the bed in ressurization, countercurrunt-depressurization and pressure equalization steps. The H$_{2}$ purity and the recovery is 99.99% and 86.73% respectively, which is slightly higher than the experimental data. Main contributiion of this study includes supplying fundamental technologies of handling combined variables PSA processes by developing rigorous models.