• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2011

The use of synthetic additives for preservation and enhancement of the market quality of food products has been emerging as a societal issue in terms of safety as well as changes in consumption patterns. Various research related to natural additives is being conducted to address these issues. This study examined the antibacterial effects of 79 types of medicinal herbs used as oriental remedies on bacteria isolated from beverages of damaged marketable quality. The antibacterial effects of methanol extracts on 13 Bacillus sp. and three Paenibacillus sp. were evaluated. We found that 43 of the herbal medicines analyzed had antibacterial effects on the isolated bacteria. Of those, eight were selected, and their antibacterial effects were further examined using water, ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate as solvents. The results revealed that Prunus mume, Rhus javanica, and Coptis japonica had excellent antibacterial effects against the isolated bacteria. In particular, they exerted greater antibacterial effects when water and ethanol were used as solvents. This result indicates the possibility of developing natural additives using these substances. Since P. mume in particular, has not been sufficiently studied compared to other herbal medicines, it presents an opportunity for additional investigation and the possibility for development as a new product in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.359-367
• /
• 2006

The vascular plants of this site were identified as 641 taxa through field investigation; 101 families, 340 genera, 547 species, 80 varieties, 12 forms, 1 subspecies and 1 hybrid. Based on the Rare plants of the Forest Service and Korea Forest Research Institute, 9 taxa were listed except implanted species; Loranthus tanakae, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Aristolochia contorta, Viola albida, Cypripedium macranthum, Schpolia japonioa, Acanthopanax chiisanensis, Rhododendron micranthum. Based on the Korean endemic plants, 18 taxa were listed; Salix purpurea var, japonica, Asarum sieboldii var. mandshuricum for. misnadrum, Persicaria lapathifolia for. alba, Pseudostellaria sylvatica, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Corydalis maculata, Corydazis albipetala, Corydalis grandicazyx, Cardamine amaraeiormis, Chrysosplenium barbatum, Filipendula glaberrima, Lespedeza x tomentella, Acanthopanax chiisanensis, Melampyrum setaceum var. nakaianum, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora triphylla var. hirsute, Cirsium setidens, Saussurea pseudogracilis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 81 taxa (12.6%); Prunus yedoensis in class V, 13 taxa (Thuja orientalis, Cimicifuga heracleiiolia, Sedum middendorffianutn, Rhododendron micranthum, etc.) in class IV, 17 taxa (Equisetum palustre, Aceriphyllum rossii, Angelica gigas, Cirsium setidens, etc.) in class III, 15 taxa (Heloniopsis orientalis, Lychnis cognata, Saxifraga oblongifolia, Viola orientalis, etc.) in class II, 35 taxa (Hosta capitata, Cimicifuga simplex, Chrysosplenium flagelliferum, Campanula punctata, etc.) in class I. So, the naturalized plants were listed 53 taxa and the naturalization index was 8.2%, urbanization index was 20.7%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.28-39
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the rehabilitation measures and select appropriate tree species and rehabilitation methods for rehabilitating the rock desert areas in Guizhou, China. The study was carried out during the periods from 2003 to 2006 and results are as follows. Afforestation site is classified as a dolomite sandstone hilly country, a halfstony hilly country, a karst physiognomy, a rock desertification farmland and an latent rock desertification farmland by soil type and rock desertification status. Total afforestation area of Xuiwen is 1,300ha and afforestation area of a dolomite sandstone hilly country, a halfstony hilly country, a karst physiognomy, a rock desertification farmland and an latent rock desertification farmland are respectively 104.0ha (8.0%), 146.6ha (11.3%), 200.5ha (15.4%), 705.7ha (54.3%) and 143.2ha (11.0%). Planted tree species were selected by five site types. Robinia pseudoacacia, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Thuja orientalis, Cupressus duclouxiana and Juniperus chinensis L. var. chinensis were planted in a dolomite sandstone hilly country and Choerospondias axillaris and Robinia pseudoacacia were planted in a halfstony hilly country. Cupressus duclouxiana, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Ilex kudincila, Quercus aliena, Quercus variabilis, Choerospondias axillaris, Koelreuteria bipinnata, Cryptomeria japonica, Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum bodinieri were planted in a karst physiognomy. Cupressus duclouxiana, Toona sinensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Eucommia ulmoides, Ilex kudincha. Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Magnolia officinalis were planted in a rock desertification farmland. Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Juglans sinensis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Choerospondias axillaris, Prunus salicina and Diospyros Kaki was planted in an latent rock desertification farm land. Robinia pseudoacacia showed high survival rate in 2004 and 2005, but Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Cinnamomum camphora showed slightly low survival rate in 2004. Survival rate of planting species in 2005 was over 80% because some species which showed low survival in 2004 were changed with other species and a proper afforestation method was applied. Growth rate of tree species was evaluated by height and diameter growth rate. Cupressus duclouxiana showed a highest height growth rate in 2004. Toona sil1ensis, Choerospondias axillaris, Koelreuteria bipinnata, and Cinnamomum camphora showed almost 100% height growth rate in 2005, although they showed a negative height growth rate in 2004. Robinia pseudoacacia showed a good growth rate in the rock desertification farmland and the halfstony hilly country so it could give a commercial benefit like honey as well as an afforestation effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.81-96
• /
• 2009

This study has found out the status of the environment ecology(topography structure. land-use, flora, plant community structure, wildbird) in 10 uninhabited islands(i.e. Kei island, Hadon island, Sangdon island, Daewa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Oebi island, Prickly castor-oil tree island, Tongin island, Yuk island), Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. Moreover, It has suggested ways of improving the environment ecology status by classifying the type of environment ecology about the degree of use and damage that based on the results of environment ecology survey. According to the results of topography structure survey, the survey site altitude was ranged within 1m$\sim$25m, otherwise, the radient was classified the rock area(.i.e. slope of less than $5^{\circ}$ the dead level) and the slope area where is steep slope. Moreover, there was showed evenly a variety of aspect. Land-use were divided the field(Kei island), dry native grasslands(Hadon island), naturalized grasslands(Sangdon island), Pinus thunbergii community(Dacwa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Yuk island), the rock area(Oebi island, Prickly castor-oil tree island, Tongin island). As the results of flora survey, the number of plant species were 30$\sim$115 species and the naturalized species were found 2$\sim$12 species in each site. The results of plant community structure analysis, The dominant species were Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora were in upper tree layer, furthermore, it were Pinus thunbergii, Eurya japonica, Prunus sargentii, Celtis sinensis, Morus bombycis, ect. in cannopy tree layer. In shrub layer, the dominant species were Rosa multiflora, Rubus crataegifolius, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, etc. The status of wildbird bird, had been found 42 species 938 individuals, especially, there were Bubo bubo kiautschensis(natural monument No. 324) and Haematopus ostralegus osculans(natural monument No. 326). According to these synthetic results, we are able to classify the 5 types of environment ecology such as the natural coast forest that composed of Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora(Daewa island, Hwanggang island, Naebi island, Oebi island, Tongin island, Yuk island), the field in vegetation area(Kei island), vegetation succession area of fallow field type(Hadon island), vegetation damage area by the forest fire and disturbance elements(Prickly castor-oil tree island), dominant naturalized species grassland by grazing cattle(Sangdon island).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.201-211
• /
• 2007

The vascular plants at the nature every second year in Wolchulsan National Park was listed 325 taxa: 86 families, 205 genera, 283 species, 1 subspecies, 36 varieties and 5 forms. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 3 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium callosum (Preservation priority order; No. 191), Viola albida (No. 202), Wikstroemia trichotoma (No. 120) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 8 taxa were recorded; Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Carpinus coreana, Clematis trichotoma, Stewartia koreana, Ajuga spectabilis, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora triphylla var. hirsute. Specific plants by floral region were total 44 taxa; Prunus davidiana, Wistaria floribunda in class IV, 9 taxa (Neolitsea aciculata, Vaccinium bracteatum, Utricularia racemosa, etc.) in class III, 5 taxa (Bupleurum longiradiatum, Ostericum melanotilingia, Cirsium schantarense) in class II, 28 taxa (Polygonatum falcatum, Eurya japonica, Ajuga spectabilis, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 4 families, 6 genera, 9 taxa and naturalization rate was 2.8% of all 325 taxa vascular plants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.80 no.4
• /
• pp.360-368
• /
• 1991

Utilizing chi-square test statistics, inter-species association and covariation were analyzed for the 37 woody plant species in a deciduous forest dominated by Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis. within 50 temporarily established $20m{\times}20m$ square quadrats, the association for each pair of species was presented based on the presence-absence parameters. Acer palmatum had significant positive association with Acer mono and Kalopanax pictus, but negative association with Pinus densiflora. Other positively associated species pairs were Prunus sargentii-Macckia amurensis, Quercus serrata-Kalopanax pictus, Symplocos chinensis var. pilosa-Euonymus oxyphyllus, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica-Lindera obtusiloba. The covariation far each pair of species was evaluated based on the quantitative measures, density and basal area. Overall results showed that the association and covariation values among species generally agreed with each other. Because covariation was calculated by density and basal area of the tallied species in the sample plots, the number of species pairs of covariation tended to be greater than those of association. Especially, Pinus densiflora, considered to be pioneer species in the successional stage, had negative covariation with most of climax species. These ecological information could be applied to silvicultural practices, such as ecosystem classification, establishment of mixed hardwood forest, and tending operations for marking crop trees and desirable species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1999

Noticing the intrinsic growing habit variations of hardwood species which is indigenous to the natural deciduous forest, eighteen tree species in overstory were selected for comparative evaluating tree form so as to develop the tree form index (TFI). Selected six tree form attributes were arbitrarily divided four assessment criteria and given appropriate scores. Eighteen tree species were undergone corresponding scores, converted to percentage base, and estimated TFI by the summation of the six scoring values. Cluster analysis was carried out to review which attribute would have been shared among species based on dissimilarity of scores for each pair of species in $18{\times}6$ data matrix. The result showed that Populus davidiana had the highest TFI value of 80.8 and Carpinus cordata had the lowest TFI va1ue of 46.3. The species which received more than 70 of TFI are Populus davidiana, Betula costata, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, characterized by the advantage of straight and longer bole, the narrower crown, and the thinner branch. On the contrary, such species as Sorbus alnifolia. Prunus sargentii, Acer mandshuricum, Juglans mandshurica, and Carpinus cordata received less than 60 of TFI, characterized by the disadvantage of the crooked or forked stem. the wider or deeper crown. and the thicker branch. In the dendrogram produced by cluster analysis, arbitrary value of Euclidean distance 10 divided eighteen species into four distinctive groups. and the typical characteristics of each group were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.04a
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 강원도 화천군 응봉 일대의 중심으로 식물상을 조사하였다. 관속식물은 64과 162속 222종 3아종 15변종 2품종으로 총 242분류군으로 조사되었다. 분류군별로는 양치식물이 6과 10분류군, 나자식물 1과 2분류군, 쌍자엽식물이 52과 200분류군, 단자엽식물이 5과 30분류군이 확인되었다. 주요 식물로는 특산식물은 진범(Aconitum pseudolaeve), 무늬족도리풀(Asarum versicolor), 각시서덜취(Saussurea macrolepis) 등 10과 13분류군, 희귀식물은 관심대상종(Least Concern)인 홀아비바람꽃(Anemone koraiensis), 세잎종덩굴(Clematis koreana), 도깨비부채(Rodgersia podophylla) 등 14분류군, 취약종(Vuinerable)인 백작약(Paeonia japonica), 멱쇠채(Scorzonera austriaca subsp. glabra) 등 3분류군, 멸종위기종(Critically Endangered)인 닻꽃(Halenia corniculata) 등 2분류군으로 총 20분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 서양톱풀(Achillea millefolium), 미국가막사리(Bidens frondosa), 주걱개망초(Erigeron strigosus) 등 4과 11분류군이 조사되었다. 산림청에서 지정한 특별산림보호대상종으로는 왕벚나무(Prunus yedoensis)와 금강초롱꽃(Hanabusaya asiatica)이 조사되었다. 유용식물로는 용도를 모르는 52분류군(21.5%)을 제외하면 190분류군(78.5%)이 자원식물로 이용가치가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이들을 용도에 따라 구분해 보면 식용 93분류군(38.4%), 섬유용 3분류군(1.2%), 약용 67분류군(27.7%), 관상용 45분류군(18.6%), 사료용 77분류군(31.8%), 산업용 1분류군(0.4%), 염료용 3분류군(1.2%), 목재용 12분류군(5.0%)으로 조사되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.3 no.1_2
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1980

This paper contains the results obtained by ecological investigation of flora in Muie Island of Incheon Harbor in the western coast in Korea. 14 varieties, 147 species, 57 families and 142 genera of Tracheophyta were recorded by field investigations conducted over three times in May and July, 1976 and August, 1980. The flora of this island showed a plant community predominated by Pinus densiflora grown in miggle with Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata and Rhododendron mucronulatum. Generally, the number of plant species was scarce, but it was an unexpected result that such remote mountainous plants as Lysimachia clethroides, Syneilesis palmate and Lilium disticum etc. were encountered in a wood surrounding Seohwang-dang, the shrine of a tutelary deity, on 126-Meter Hill at the northern end of the island. There also countered in Hoyong mountain valley were deciduous broad-leaved forests without pine tree which mainly consisted of Prunus leveilleana, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Platycarya strofilada, Quercus serrata, Quercus acutissima and Acer mono. In addition, herbaceous plants, such as Syneilesis palmata, Codonopsis lanceolata and Lysima barystachy were grown as the undergrowth of these forests. Drosera rotundifolia, an unlooked-for plant, appeared in the middle of the eastern coast of the island. Camellia jpaonica was gro주 spontaneously in Deogjeog Island 26km southwest from the island, while no evergreen broa-leaved tree could be located except 2 species of Vitex rotundifolia and Euonyhmus japonica. It may be considered that such simple flora of this island compared with that of land is attributed to the fact that the formation of the former took place in the period far latter than that of the latter.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 1997

To select potential inhibitors of platelet aggregation from large numbers of crude plant extracts, the modified thin smear method for the anti-platelet aggregating activity using platelet rich plasma was further modified by direct observation under a light microscope without staining the smear. The activities determined by the method were coincided with those by the electrical impedence method using whole blood, when ADP or collagen was employed as the aggregating agent. Among 130 varieties of edible and herbal plants which collected from markets or experimental farms of agricultural research institutes, those showed the anti-platelet aggregating activities were selected by testing the crude methanol extracts: Aster scaber, Aster tataricus, Ligularia stenocephala, Platycodon glaucum Allium victorialis, Allium oderum, Moros bombycis, Portulaco oleracea, Aamthopanax sessiliflorus and Rosa davurica. However, some of them activated the platelet aggregation under the same assay conditions: Pimpinella brachycarpa, Hosta plantaginea, Capsella bursapastoris, Fagopyrm esculentum, Prunus mume, Rubus coreanus and Limaria japonica. In addition, those revealed the antioxidant activities were selected by measuring the abilities to scavenge superoxide anion radicals: Pteridium aquilinum, Aster scaber, Ligularia fischeri, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Artemisia capipparis, Cirsium setidens, Commelina communis and Capsella bursapastoris among edible plants.