• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2011

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) otherwise known as Nora's lesion, is a benign surface tumor of the small tubular bone of the hands and feet with high probability of local recurrence. The report of BPOP in the foot is very rare in our country. We report a case of BPOP of proximal phalanx of right $3^{rd}$ toe in 44-year-old female, successfully managed by en-bloc marginal excision with a review of the literatures.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.138-141
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to document the results of fixation with ethibond suture in akin osteotomy and its advantages. Materials and Methods: From May 2001 to January 2004, Akin osteotomy was performed in 218 patients. We reviewed 110 patients (114 feet) who were possible radiographic evaluation more than 6 months after operation. 110 feet had hallux valgus and 4 feet had hallux valgus interphalangeus. 105 patients were female and 5 were male. The average age was 43.8 years old (18 to 68 years old). The average follow up was 9 months (6 to 23 months). After performing the Akin osteotomy at 7 mm from the proximal articular surface of the proximal phalanx, one hole is made on either side of the osteotomy site with a K-wire. The passer was passed through the both holes and the ethibond was passed. And then, the ethibond was tied tightly. 2 sutures in 66 feet and 1 suture in 48 feet were made. Radiographic bone union at 6 months follow up was regarded as success and loss of the reduction, nonunion was regarded as failed. Results: In the radiographic evaluation, bony union were made at 6 months follow up in all feet. There was no difference between 2 sutures and 1 suture, and the knots were removed in 3 feet because of skin irritation. Conclusion: The fixation of the osteotomy site using suture material was an effective method in Akin osteotomy. The advantage of this procedure was unnecessity of the material removal.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1996

This study was carried out to identify the gross anatomical and radiographic characteristics of the nasolacrimal system of the Korean native goat. The results were as follows : The nasolacrimal system are composed of two lacrimal ducts, two lacrimal, canaliculus, one lacrimal sac and one nasolacrimal duct. The nasolacrimal duct was divided into proximal, middle and distal portion. The nasolacrimal duct took a straight course to be paralleled with nasal bones and opened close to the nostril on the medial surface of the alar fold. The diameter of lacrimal punctum, the length of eyelid margin to lacrimal punctum, the length of canaliculus and the diameter of lacrimal sac were 0.82~0.90mm, 1.06~1.54mm, 5.65~6.30mm and 1.77~2.06mm, respectively. The length of proximal, middle and distal nasolacrimal duct were 36.84~40.00mm, 23.53~24.31mm and 14.55~14.73mm, respectively. The diameter of the orifice of nasolacrimal duct, the length of lateral margin of nostril to orifice of nasolacrimal duct and the length of dorsum to orifice of nasolacrimal duct were 1.29~1.33mm, 12.97~12.53mm and 15.24~16.11mm. The skull index of Korean native goat was not significantly different from the length of nasolacrimal duct.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1999

Purpose : Average humeral head retroversion was showed significant wide range from literatures based on variable measuring technique, We performed computed tomography(CT) study in an effort to define the specific anatomy relationships and evaluate their use. Materials and Methods : Two hundreds shoulders and distal humeri CT scan with no known pathology were examined. The study population was divided to 10 groups by gender and age (from third to seventh decade). The number of each group was twenty. Retroversion of proximal humerus and glenoid were measured using the lines that were connected the central axis of humeral head, central points of the humeral epicondyles paralleling to the trochlea, paralled to the glenoid surface, midpoint between the transverse glenoid diameter and medial edge of the scapular. We also measured the bicipital groove distance from the humeral central axis and scapulothoracic angle. Results: Retroversion of proximal humerus was highly variable, ranging in this study from 13 to 58 degrees(mean 28.73) These values correlated with sex, not age, height or hand dominance. Glenoid retroversion at the inferior sections showed average 1.3 degree, did not signigicant differences. The central axis was an average of l0mm(5-15mm) posterior to the posterior margin of the bicipital groove. Scapulothoracic angle was average 43 degrees(25-53 degrees) Conclusion: Anatomical reconstruction of retroversion angle should be individualized and bicipital groove could be useful as landmark for the lateral fin of the prosthesis to be positioned an average of 10mm posteriorly.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture strengths and the fracture patterns of several hybrid-ceramic crowns and metal-ceramic crown. Ten crowns were constructed for each group according to the manufacturer's instruction. Removable template of silicone rubber impression material was used for standardization of each crowns. Each crown was cemented on a metal die with hybrid glass ionomer cement. All crowns cemented were stored in distilled water, $36^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours prior to loading in an universal testing machine. The load was directed at 130 degrees the long axis of metal die. The fracture strengths were measured and the fracture patterns were observed. The following results were obtained from this study 1. The mean fracture strengths of $Artglass^{(R)}$, $Sculpture^{(R)}$ and $Targis^{(R)}$ were $57.5{\pm}9.5Kgf,\;62.7{\pm}12.2Kgf$ and $60.2{\pm}10.1Kgf$ respectively. There was no significant difference among each hybrid ceramic crown group. 2. The toad required to fracture hybrid-ceramic crowns was significantly smaller than metal-ceramic crowns($131.7{\pm}22.0Kgf$). 3. In the metal-ceramic crowns, labial porcelain detached partially from porcelain-metal junction of proximal side by load. 4. Hybrid-ceramic crowns showed a simple fracture pattern that fracture line began at the loading area and extended through proximal surface, perpendicular to the margin. The crown was separated into two parts of labial side and lingual side. Above results revealed that three kinds of the hybrid-ceramic crowns used in this study must have careful application in clinical use since the strength of hybrid-ceramic crown was lower(about 1/2) than that of metal-ceramic crown.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.676-683
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• 2018

Cilia are highly specialized antennae-like organelles that extend from the cell surface and act as cell signaling hubs. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a specialized form of intracellular protein trafficking that is required for the assembly and maintenance of cilia. Because cilia are so important, mutations in several IFT components lead to human disease. Thus, clarifying the molecular functions of the IFT proteins is a high priority in cilia biology. Live imaging in various species and cellular preparations has proven to be an important technique in both the discovery of IFT and the mechanisms by which it functions. Live imaging of Drosophila cilia, however, has not yet been reported. Here, we have visualized the movement of IFT in Drosophila cilia using time-lapse live imaging for the first time. We found that NOMPB-GFP (IFT88) moves according to distinct parameters depending on the ciliary segment. NOMPB-GFP moves at a similar speed in proximal and distal cilia toward the tip (${\sim}0.45{\mu}m/s$). As it returns to the ciliary base, however, NOMPB-GFP moves at ${\sim}0.12{\mu}m/s$ in distal cilia, accelerating to ${\sim}0.70{\mu}m/s$ in proximal cilia. Furthermore, while live imaging NOMPB-GFP, we observed one of the IFT proteins required for retrograde movement, Oseg4 (WDR35), is also required for anterograde movement in distal cilia. We anticipate our time-lapse live imaging analysis technique in Drosophila cilia will be a good starting point for a more sophisticated analysis of IFT and its molecular mechanisms.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.178-182
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of troughing and stress fracture, which are the major complications of scarf osteotomy, and to suggest methods to prevent these complications. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 243 cases of 137 patients treated with the scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus from January 2005 to December 2012. The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years. During the scarf osteotomy, a long oblique longitudinal osteotomy was performed in order to decrease the possibility of troughing and stress fracture. Radiographs of lateral view of the foot were obtained and the thicknesses of the first metatarsal base at the sagittal plane were measured and compared. Results: There was no troughing during fragment translation and screw fixation intraoperatively. Radiographs of lateral view of the foot taken preoperatively and at the last follow-up showed that the mean thickness of the first metatarsal was 22.4 mm preoperatively and 21.6 mm at the last follow-up, with a mean difference of 0.8 mm. And no stress fracture was observed. Conclusion: To prevent troughing and stress fracture, a long oblique longitudinal cut, parallel to the first metatarsal plantar surface, was performed, making both ends of the proximal segment truncated cone-shape, and securing the strong bony strut of the proximal segment. No troughing or stress fracture was experienced with scarf osteotomy.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.91-103
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• 1992

Eruptive mechanisms and processes at Udo tuff cone can be inferred from indicative characters of products, bedforms and lithofacies, and ring faults. In terms of bedforms and lithofa-cies in particular, massive lapilli tuff beds and chaotic lapilli tuff beds are derived from subaerial falls of aggregated tephra of wet tephra finger jets, occurring dominantly at the lower sequences of proximal part at the tuff cone. Crudely stratified lapilli tuff are derived from subaerial falls of slightly aggregated tephra of less wet tephra finger jets, whereas reversely graded lapilli tuff beds are from slightly disaggregated subaerial falls of continuous uprush. Both beds frequently occur in the middle sequences at proximal and near medial part of the tuff cone. Block and lapilli tephra lenses, ash-coated lapilli tephra beds(lenses) and thin-bedded tuff beds are derived from extremely disaggregated subaerial falls of dry tephra in the continuous uprush, frequently occurring at the upper sequences of medial part at the tuff cone. Udo tuff cone is a basaltic volcano emergent through the sea water surface while water could flood across or into the vent area. Emergence of the tuff cone was from the type-Surtseyan eruption characterized by earlier tephra finger jets and later continuous uprush columns of tephra with copious volumes of steam. Explosions began when boiling of wter produced a bubble column reducing the hydrostatic pres-sure, allowing exsolution of gases from the magma. This expansion of magma into a vesiculating froth fragmented the magma and permitted mixing of magma and water so that a more vigorous generation of steam could proceed. Tephra finger jetting explosions continued to build the crater rims, then remove water from the vent that their deposits flowed like slsurries until the continuous uprush explosion ensued. Continuous uprush explosions were associated with most rapid accumula-tion of tephra. The increasing volume rate led to partial removal of water from the vent area by the newly tephra ring so that more vigorous activity could be attended by a reducing water supply. This might restrain surplus of cold water entering the vent and thus enhance the vigour of the eruption by allowing optimal heat exchange. Eventually the crater became so deep and unsuported that piecemeal sliding, or massive subsidence on indipping ring faults, filled and closed the vent, and the cycle of explosions and collapse began anew.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-90
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• 2007

It's important that detect early caries of deciduous and permanent teeth to prevent dental caries and prevserve teeth, especially on proximal surface of deciduous teeth. The reason is that their prominent pulp horn lead to pulp treatment easily due to rapid caries progression. There are conventional exploring, visual inspection and radiographic exam for early caries detection. But, the standard method for diagnosing dental caries is subject and cavitation may be accelerated during exploring procedure. Caries can be diagnosed up to 40% mineral loss with radiograph. $DIFOTI^{(R)}$ (Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic TransIllumination) is diagnostic imaging system for early caries detection using fiber-optic illumination. It is possible that remineralize the tooth surface without tooth preparation and conserve the tooth structure by using $DIFOTI^{(R)}$.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

Hallux valgus is a lateral deviation of the first phalanx and medial deviation of the first metatarsal at the first metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint. Its incidence has increased due to developing footwear. The etiologies include fashion footwear, genetic causes, anatomical abnormality around the foot, rheumatoid arthritis, and neuromuscular disorders. Physiologic alignment of the first MP joint is maintained by congruent and symmetric alignment of the articular surface of the first proximal phalanx and first metatarsal head, physiologic relationship of the distal first metatarsal articular surface and the first metatarsal shaft axis, and stable balance of soft tissue around the first MP joint and stable tarsometatarsal joint. Several factors have been associated with hallux valgus, including pes planus, hypermobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint, flattened shape of the first metatarsal head, increased distal metatarsal articular angle, and deformation of the medial capsular integrity. History and physical examination are very important to diagnosis of hallux valgus. Simple radiography provides information on deformity, particularly in weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Understanding the etiologies and pathophysiology is very important for success in treatment of patients with hallux valgus.