• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.339-358
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• 2018

There has been researches for effective education. Among them, many researchers are striving to apply Zone of Proximal Development of Vygotsky which is emphasizing the social interaction in the field of teaching and learning. Researchers usually research based on individual or small group of students. However the math class in school relies on system that one teacher teach many students in reality. So this research will look for the effect that the teaching and learning program based on Zone of Proximal Development of Vygotsky by designing the teaching and learning program which is based on scaffolding structuring to overcome the zone of proximal development in many-students class. The results of this research are as follows: First, the studying program considered the theory of Vygotsky has a positive effect on improving the mathematical achievement of elementary student. Second, the studying program considered the theory of Vygotsky has a positive effect on improving the student's studying attitude upon mathematics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1987

To validate the comparision of proximal and distal large intestinal motility, the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous motility, the effect of acetylcholine, the effect of atropine on the response of acetylcholine, the effect of histamine and the effect of pyrilamine and cimetidine on the response of histamine were investigated in rabbit. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The amplitude of spontaneous motility was more powerful on the proximal large intestine than that of the distal large intestine, but the frequency of spontaneous motility was similar on the both proximal and distal large intestine in rabbit. 2. Acetylcholine caused the contraction of proximal and distal large intestine, and the contractile response were increased between the concentration of acetylcholne $10^{-9}$ and $5{\times}10^{-6}M$ and $10^{-7}$ and $10^{-4}M$ on the proximal and distal large intestine, respectively, with dose-dependent manner in rabbit. 3. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine was completely blocked by the post-treatment with cholinergic receptor blocker, atropine $10^{-6}M$. 4. Histamine caused the contraction of proximal and distal large intestine and the contractile response were increased between the concentration of histamine $10^{-9}$ and $5{\times}10^{-5}M$ and $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-3}M$ on the proximal and distal large intestine, respectively, with dose-depend ent manner in rabbit. 5. The contractile response induced by histamine was completely blocked by the pretreatment with $H_1$-receptor blocker, pyrilamine $10^{-6}M$, but not blocked by the pretreatment with $H_2$-receptor blocker, cimetidine $10^{-6}M$.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.1 s.57
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• pp.85-93
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• 1995

In order to examine the effect of testosterone of the cell growth, using a primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell culture system, we observed the effect of 3 growth factors and testosterone supplementation on the growth of primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells in the serum-free medium. 1 nM of testosterone showed a potentiation of the effect on the growth of the proximal tubule cell in serum-free medium, but higher concentration (>10 nM) of testosterone indeed inhibited the growth. In the absence of hydrocortisone as a growth supplement in serum-free medium, testosterone caused to potentiate the growth of the cell. In the presence of hydrocortisone, testosterone also potentiated the grwoth of the proximal tubule cells. According to the Northern analysis, testosterone increased significantly the level of ${\beta}-actin$ mRNA in proximal tubular cells of rabbit kidney. Consequently we may suggest that growth stimulatory effect of testosterone on the primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell in serum-free and hormonally defined media ascribed to increase the synthesis of ${\beta}-actin$, which is an important protein consisting of cellular microfilament.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1994

In clinical orthopaedics, bone resoption in the cortex is often seen post operatively on X-rays or bone densitometry after total hip replacement (THR) in the form of cortical osteoporosis or atropy. Stress shielding of bone occurs, when a load, normally carried by the bone alone, is shared with an implant as a result, the bone stresses are abnormal and with remodelling analysis this may cause extensive proximal bone resoption, possibly weakening the bone bed to the point of failure. The author made finite element models of the cemented and non-cemented type implanted femoral stem with bone resorption of the proximal medial femur and studied the feed back effect of the various degree of bone resoption to THR system by parametric analysis on the stress of the femoral stem and interface. The results of the present finite element analysis implied that the extent of proximal bone resorption has the effect of more increasing stress on the distal stem tip, cement mantle and interface in both type of femoral stem and this high distal stress possibly can cause the mechanical failure of loosening or failure after THR.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-133
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• 2012

According to previous studies, the effect of intrinsic motivation related variables such as cognitive absorption (CA) on the use of information technology(IT) should be mediated by the conscious intention. However, CA, which is a thought of previous emotional experience, a deep involvement with a software, may be one of environmental cues stimulating the use of IT independently of conscious intention. The objective of this study is to show the direct effect of CA on the automatic use of IT. For this purpose, as well as the relation between CA and use, two relations, CA-intention and intention-use, were also suggested as hypotheses, which will show that conscious intention would not fully mediate the relation between CA and automatic use. Moreover, for seeing the effects of CA as time passes, the proximal effect, which is short term and transitory effect, and the distal effect, which is long term and lingering, were simultaneously included in hyptheses. Finally, the effect of past use was also suggested as a hypothesis which aimed to show that automatic use would be controlled mostly by habit rather than not only intention but also CA. For the empirical validation of the hypotheses, 174 users of 'Cyworld', one of most influential social network services, were longitudinally surveyed, which showed that the hypotheses were accepted.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.141-149
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the effect of Korean medicine treatments on pain reduction and range of motion recovery in patients with proximal tibia fractures. Methods We studied 15 patients who had been diagnosed as proximal tibia fracture. This study was conducted as retrospective observational study which analyzed patient's medical records with IBM SPSS statistics 25 program. We used numeric rating scale to evaluate pain reduction and range of motion to observe the patient's recovery. Results The average of numeric rating scale reduced statistically significantly from 5.26±1.38 to 2.73±1.17 (p<0.001). The average of knee flexion range of motion increased statistically significantly from 81.11±34.34 to 117.66±19.01 (p<0.01). Conclusions We found that Korean medicine treatments have a positive effect on pain reduction and knee rom improvement in patients with proximal tibia fractures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2019

The purpose of this case study is to examine the effects of Korean traditional medicine in the postoperative treatment of proximal humeral fracture. The patient with postoperative pain following proximal humeral fracture surgery was treated with Korean traditional medicine including acupuncture cupping therapy and herbal medicine in hospital for 67 days. The effects of the treatment were evaluated using the Numerical Rate Scale (NRS), Range Of Motion (ROM), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). As a result of treatment, the NRS score was reduced from 7 to 3, the ROM was improved (on average by 21%), SPADI was reduced from 93 to 25.9. This study proposes that Korean traditional medicine may be effective in postoperative treatment for proximal humeral fracture.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.222.2-223
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• 2003

Renal dipeptidase (RDPase, EC 3.4.13.19), an ectoenzyme of renal proximal tubules, is covalently bound to outer leaflet of lipid bilayer via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor. Chitin is a major component of the shells of crustacea such as crab, shrimp and crawfish. This study was conducted to examine the effect of chitosan on RDPase release from renal proximal tubules. Nitric oxide (NO), highly reactive free radical, inhibits the release of RDPase from porcine proximal tubules. (omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1769-1772
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• 2002

Previous $^{19}F\;and\;^{1,2}H$ electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) study of fluorometmyoglobin (MbF) in frozen-solution state provided sensitive tools sensing subtle structural changes of the heme that are not obtainable from X-ray. [Fann et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6019] Because of the intrinsic inhomogeneouse EPR line broadening effect of MbF in frozen-solution state, detection of the intrinsic inhomogeneouse EPR line broadening effect of MbF in frozen-solution state, detection of the electronic and geometrical changes of the heme ring itself and the proximal histidine by using $^{14}N$ CW ENDOR was interfered. In the present study, hyperfine-sensitive $^{14}N$ Mims ENDOR technique of pulsed-EPR was employed to probe the changes. With two different $\tau$ values of 128 and 196 ns, $^{14}N$ ENDOR signals of the heme and proximal histidine were completely resolved at $g'_{II}(=g_e=2)$. This study present that X-band $^{14}N$ Mims ENDOR sequence can sensitively detect the small changes of the spin densities and p orbital populations of the proximal and the heme nitrogens, caused by ligand and pH variation of the distal site.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 1996

The effect of probenecid on the transport of tetraethylammonium (TEA) was studied in renal cortical slices and isolated membrane vesicles to investigate the interaction of organic anion with the organic cation transport system in proximal tubule. Probenecid reversibly inhibited TEA uptake by renal cortical slices in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range of 1 and 5 mM. The efflux of TEA was not affected by the presence of 3 mM probenecid. Kinetic analysis indicated that probenecid decreased Vmax without significant change in Km. Probenecid inhibited significantly tissue oxygen consumption at concentrations of 3 and 5 mM. However, probenecid did not significantly reduce TEA uptake in brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles prepared from renal cortex even at a concentration as high as 10 mM. These results indicate that probenecid reduces TEA uptake in cortical slices by inhibiting tissue metabolism rather than by an interaction with the organic ration transporter.