• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Allergy is conditions when a hypersensitivity reaction happens with a certain element, called as an allergen, which is commonly not reactive to ordinary individuals. Allergic diseases involve various organs or systems in the body. The purpose of allergy tests is to make a diagnosis of allergic diseases and to identify the affecting allergens. In vivo tests, more relevant in clinical situation, include skin test, patch test and provocation test. In in vitro tests, there are specific IgE test, histamine releasing assay, and lymphocyte activation test, safer and more objective than in vivo tests. In the view point of clinical practice, skin test, provocation test, total IgE test and specific IgE test were reviewed in depth.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 2019

Although rare, antihistamines can cause adverse effects, including drug-induced eruptions or anaphylaxis. A 4-year-old child visited the pediatric department of a hospital for skin eruptions after administration of antihistamines, (e.g., ucerax [hydroxyzine] or leptizine [levocetirizine]), for cholinergic rashes; he did not have pruritus. Skin prick, intradermal, and drug provocation tests were performed to determine the relationship between the antihistamines and eruptions. Levocetirizine induced wheals in the skin prick test and a rash in the oral drug provocation test. In contrast, ketotifen induced no reaction in the skin prick test but showed a positive reaction in the oral provocation test. Our case report highlights that children can experience the same types of adverse reactions as seen in adults, and cross-reactivity between various antihistamines can occur.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare chronic low back pain patients' pain provocation position so as to identify the relevance with lumbar stabilizing muscles atrophy and pain provocation position. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty five chronic low back pain patients were participated in this study. Subjects were eligible for study participation if they were 35-55 years old and had experienced low back pain for more than 3 months. Subjects were questioned about pain and pain provocation test were done. And then they were inspected their cross sectional area (CSA) of lumbar muscles (erector spinae, iliopsoas, and multifidus) by using computed tomography. Analyze the relevance through the result data with painful area, aspect of pain and pain provocation position. Results: CSA of erector spinae showed significant decrease on ipsilateral extension position (p<0.05). Iliopsoas muscle showed significant decrease on contralateral position (p<0.05). Multifidus showed significant decrease on the position of contralateral extension and contralateral flexion (p<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of our study, it may be possible to evaluate muscle atrophy by assessing causing position.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.304-309
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• 2011

Purpose: There are very few reports of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and almost no study of drug provocation test (DPT) in Korean children. We aimed to assess the role of DPT in children with unpredictable ADRs, and compare the causative drugs and clinical characteristics between detailed history of ADRs and result of DPTs. Methods: We included 16 children who were experienced ADRs referred to pediatric allergy clinic at Ajou University Hospital (January 2006 to December 2009). With various suspected drugs, 71 DPTs were done in 16 patients using our own protocol, and skin tests to antibiotics were combined in ADRs to antibiotics in medical history. Results: There were 17 (23.9%) positive DPTs results out of 71 individual DPTs, and 11 patients (68.8%) from 16 patients were positive to at least one drug. Drugs causing positive reactions were acetaminophen in 5 (31%), Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 4 (25%), penicillin in 3 (19%), cephalosporin in 2 (13%), and cotrimoxazole, macrolide and lactose in 1 each. Conclusion: DPT seems a safe and useful procedure to confirm causative drug and identify safely administering alternative drugs in children with ADR.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2004

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.3_2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

North Korea had recently conducted the fourth nuclear test and ICBM tests, dared nuclear provocation targeting the Korea and the international community. It is determined based on experiments of nuclear and missile in progress in North Korea that the technical level of nuclear force reached the completion stage of standardization, lightweight, and variation. It is expected to become reality that North Korea executes the nuclear provocation targeting the Korea and the international community in the near future. Nuclear bomb is an absolute weapon that the logic of counterattack after allowing the first strike of the other party cannot be applied due to its tremendous destructive power. Therefore, as the opponent to North Korea that it decided to hold the nuclear, the exercise of anticipatory self-defense in order to guarantee a minimum of right to life is not a choice, but the only essential correspondence concept. At the moment that the North Korean nuclear provocation is expected in the near future, it shall be provided with competence to strike the origin region of provocation by forming a national consensus of preemptive strike enforcement. Also, in preparation for the fifth nuclear test of North Korea, which is anticipated, the national competence must be mobilize to be able to ensure the 'Nuclear Option' from the international community.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1976

In order to study the chelating action of d-penicillamine on lead and the possibility of its application to the provocation test for diagnosis of lead poisoning, urinary excretion of lead was measured from 24-hour urine samples before, during and after administration of d-penicillamine by oral route for 5 days on 18 lead workers. The results were as follows: 1. Oral d-penicillamine 600 mg/day raised the excretion of urinary lead by approximately 3 times as compared with initial urinary lead level. 2. Initial urinary lead level was the better indicator of urinary lead excretion in d-penicillamine administration than initial blood lead ${\delta}-ALA$ and hemoglobin level. 3. Oral d-penicillamine may be quite useful in provocation test for lead poisoning.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2009

Background: The methacholine bronchial provocation test is a useful tool for evaluating asthma in patients with normal or near normal baseline lung function. However, the sensitivity of this test is 82~92% at most. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of $FEF_{25-75%}$ in identification of airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with suspected asthmatic symptoms. Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients who experienced cough and wheezing within one week prior to their visiting the clinic were enrolled. Results: Sixty-four subjects showed no significant reduction of $FEV_{1}$ or $FEF_{25-75%}$ on the methacholine bronchial provocation test (Group I). In 24 patients, $FEF_{25-75%}$ fell more than 20% from baseline without a 20% fall of $FEV_{1}$ during methacholine challenge (Group II). All patients who had more than 20% fall of $FEV_{1}$ (n=37) also showed more than 20% of reduction in $FEF_{25-75%}$ (Group III). Baseline $FEV_{1}$/FVC (%) and $FEF_{25-75%}$ (L) were higher in group II than group III (81.51${\pm}$1.56% vs. 75.02${\pm}$1.60%, p<0.001, 3.25${\pm}$0.21 L vs. 2.45${\pm}$0.21 L, p=0.013, respectively). Group II had greater reductions of both $FEV_{1}$ and $FEF_{25-75%}$ than group I at 25 mg/mL of methacholine (p<0.001). The provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in $FEF_{25-75%}$ in group II was about three-fold higher than that in group III. Conclusion: A 20% fall of $FEF_{25-75%}$ by methacholine provocation can be more sensitive indicator for detecting a milder form of airway hyperresponsiveness than $FEV_{1}$ criteria.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.752-759
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• 1995

Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by noctunal dyspnea, cough and wheezing because of airway hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli. These symptoms and signs are also observed in patients with congestive heart failure. Therefore, this is so called "cardiac asthma". There are lots of experimental and clinical datas to suggest that airway dysfunctions occur in acute and chronic congestive heart failure. However, it is still controversial whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness is present in patients with congestive heart failure. To assess whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness is present in patients with congestive heart failure and to demonstrate the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and vascular pressure, we performed methacholine provocation test in 11 patients with mitral valvular heart disease. Methods: All patients were in the New York Heart Association functional class II and treated continuously with digoxin and/or dichlozid and/or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor except one patient. All patients were undergone right and left side heart catheterization for hemodynamic measurements. A 20 percent fall of peak expiratory flow rate were considered as positive response to methacholine provocation test. Results: 1) Only one patient who has normal pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index was positive in methacholine provocation test. 2) Their mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were $21.72{\pm}9.70mmHg$, $15.45{\pm}8.69mmHg$ respectively which were significantly higher. Conclusion: It is speculated that in stable congestive heart failure patients, bronchial responsiveness as assessed by methacholine provocation test may not be increased.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 1994

Background: The measurement of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity is valuable for diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma. Methacholine or histamine is used for the pharmacologic provocation test. Usually a methacholine bronchial provocation test is performed by a dosing technique with counted number of breaths. A dosimeter is indispensable in the dosing technique. Recently a timed tidal breathing technique which dose not need an expensive dosimeter was introduced. We measured the degree of nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine using a simple timed tidal breathing technique. Method: Forty two healthy volunteers, 12 patients with bronchial asthma(BA), 10 patients with rhinitis(RH) and 10 patients with upper respiratory infection(URI) participated in the study. The subject's nose was clipped and inhalation continued during tidal breathing for 2 minutes via a face mask. $FEV_1$ was measured at 30 seconds, 90 seconds after inhalation and inhalation of next solution was continued until there was a fall in $FEV_1$ of 20%. Histamine PC20 was defined as the concentration at 20% fall of $FEV_1$ and it was obtained from the log dose-response curve by linear interpolation. Results: Inhalation of serial dilution of histamine could be performed in all patients without significant side effects. The geometric mean${\pm}$standard deviation of histamine PC20 in healthy volunteers is $8.27{\pm}2.22mg/ml$, BA group $0.33{\pm}3.02mg/ml$, RH group $0.85{\pm}3.24mg/ml$, and URI group $1.47{\pm}1.98mg/ml$. Conclusion: Histamine bronchial provocation test using timed tidal breath method is a simple and suitable tool for management of patients with bronchial hyperreactivity.