• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 2010

We studied the hydrogen-bonded $TlH_2PO_4$ (TDP) ferroelectrics treated with the proton-beam bombardment. The TDP material was irradiated with 1-MeV proton beam at a dose of $10^{15}/cm^2$. In order to analyze the hydrogen environment in TDP, we carried out the $^1H$ high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) - i.e., Combined Rotation And Multiple Pulse Spectroscopy (CRAMPS) measurement. The isotropic chemical shift of hydrogen indicates its displacive property is related to the $PO_4$ lattice deformation which occurs throughout the antiferroelectric-, the ferroelastic- and the paraelastic-phase transitions. The temperature dependence of $\sigma_{iso}$ reveals the electronic charge redistribution is induced by the proton-beam irradiation and the elastic property.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.116-121
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• 2004

Simulation of proton irradiation in space is undertaken with a cyclotron accelerator. The cyclotron is capable of accelerating protons up to 200MeV with nominal fluxes near $10^6-10^8\;protons/cm^2/s$. Accelerated protons are irradiated onto a MPC860 for space application. Both the transient and cumulative responses of the device are found due to the proton irradiation. The primary transient response of the device is modification of the stored data in the circuit, whereas intermittent functional interrupts are also found. The cumulative response of the device is the increase of current consumption by the device.

• Carbon letters
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• v.24
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• pp.55-61
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• 2017

Carbon micropatterns (CMs) were fabricated from a negative-type SU-8 photoresist by proton ion beam lithography and pyrolysis. Well-defined negative-type SU-8 micropatterns were formed by proton ion beam lithography at the optimized fluence of $1{\times}10^{15}ions\;cm^{-2}$ and then pyrolyzed to form CMs. The crosslinked network structures formed by proton irradiation were converted to pseudo-graphitic structures by pyrolysis. The fabricated CMs showed a good electrical conductivity of $1.58{\times}10^2S\;cm^{-1}$ and a very low surface roughness.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended-field radiation therapy for patients with thoracic superficial esophageal cancer (SEC). Materials and Methods: From May 2007 to October 2016, a total of 24 patients with thoracic SEC (T1a and T1b) who underwent definitive radiotherapy and were analyzed retrospectively. The median total radiotherapy dose was 64 Gy (range, 54 to 66 Gy) in conventional fractionation. All 24 patients received radiotherapy to whole thoracic esophagus and 23 patients received elective nodal irradiation. The supraclavicular lymph nodes, the celiac lymph nodes, and both of those nodal areas were included in 11, 3, and 9 patients, respectively. Results: The median follow-up duration was 28.7 months (range 7.9 to 108.0 months). The 3-year overall survival, local control, and progression-free survival rates were 95.2%, 89.7%, and 78.7%, respectively. There were 5 patients (20.8%) with progression of disease, 2 local failures (8.3%) and 3 (12.5%) regional failures. Three patients also experienced distant metastasis and had died of disease progression. There were no treatment-related toxicities of grade 3 or higher. Conclusion: Definitive extended-field radiotherapy for thoracic SEC showed durable disease control rates in medically inoperable and endoscopically unfit patients. Even extended-field radiotherapy with elective nodal irradiation was safe without grade 3 or 4 toxicities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.84-90
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• 2004

A prediction of SEE rates for a candidate microprocessor is made based on the ground experiment results with a proton accelerator. Populations of charged particles in space are estimated with numerical models such as AP8, JPL91 and CREME. The cross section curves that are previously obtained with the accelerator are then employed for SEE prediction. Both the high and low inclinations are considered for low-earth orbits with nominal altitudes of about 685km. The results show that the occurrence rate of SEEs for the candidate device is acceptable for low-inclinations, but can be considerable under worst conditions for high inclinations.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2017

Purpose Proton therapy can deliver an optimal dose to tumor while reducing unnecessary dose to normal tissue as compared the conventional photon therapy. As proton beams are irradiated into tissue, various positron emitters are produced via nuclear fragmentation reactions. These positron emitters could be used for the dose verification by using PET. However, the short half-life of the radioisotopes makes it hard to obtain the enough amounts of events. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of off-line PET imaging scan time on the PET image quality. Materials and Methods The various diameters of spheres (D=37, 28, 22 mm) filled with distilled water were inserted in a 2001 IEC body phantom. Then proton beams (100 MU) were irradiated into the center of the each sphere using the wobbling technique with the gantry angle of $0^{\circ}$. The modulation widths of the spread out bragg peak were 16.4, 14.7 and 9.3 cm for the spheres of 37, 28 and 22 mm in diameters respectively. After 5 min of the proton irradiation, the PET images of the IEC body phantom were obtained for 50 min. The PET images with different time courses (0-10 min, 11-20 min, 21-30 min, 31-40 min and 41-50 min) were obtained by dividing the frame with a duration of 10 min. In order to evaluate the off-line PET image quality with the different time courses, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the PET image calculated for each sphere. Results The CNRs of the sphere (D=37 mm) were 0.43, 0.42, 0.40, 0.31 and 0.21 for the time courses of 0-10 min, 11-20 min, 21-30 min, 31-40 min and 41-50 min respectively. The CNRs of the sphere (D=28 mm) were 0.36, 0.32, 0.27, 0.19 and 0.09 for the time courses of 0-10 min, 11-20 min, 21-30 min, 31-40 min and 41-50 min respectively. The CNR of 37 mm sphere was decreased rapidly after 30 min of the proton irradiation. In case of the spheres of 28 mm and 22 mm, the CNR was decreased drastically after 20 min of the irradiation. Conclusion The off-line PET imaging time is an important factor for the monitoring of the proton therapy. In case of the lesion diameter of 22 mm, the off-line PET image should be obtained within 25 min after the proton irradiation. When it comes to small size of tumor, the long PET imaging time will be beneficial for the proton therapy treatment monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1993

Abstract The effect of final heat treatment and welding on the irradiation growth of Zircaloy-4 was investigated. As a simulation for neurtron irradiation, accelerated proton beam with the energy of 3.5MeV was used up to the proton fluence of 9.8 ${\times}{10^{21}}$p/$m^2$ in the present study. It was found that irradiation growth of the annealed specimen was the highest and that of the ${\beta}$-quenched specimen was the samllest among the present specimens. The magnitude of irradiation growth of the present specimens decreased by welding. The difference in the magnitude of irradiation growth of the present specimens with different final heat treatment and the effect of welding on it were quantitatively analyzed in terms of crystallographic texture by using Kearns number, f, which was calculated from the x-ray diffraction data.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1947-1949
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• 1999

Carrier lifetime in silicon power devices caused switching delay and excessive power loss at high frequency switching. We studied transient turn-on/turn-off transient characteristics of electron irradiated and proton irradiated silicon pn junction diodes. Both the electron and proton irradiation of power devices have already become a widely used practice to reduce minority carrier lifetime locally[1]. The sample is n+p junction diode, made by ion implantation on a $20\Omega.cm$ p-type wafer. We investigated turn-on/turn-off transient & breakdown voltage characteristics by digital oscilloscope. Our data show that proton irradiated samples show better performance than electron irradiated samples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2011.12a
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• pp.55-56
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• 2011

We have carried out spectroscopic studies on the physical properties of graphite tiles modified by electron and proton irradiation. While increase in local order was observed in the electron-irradiated sample, structural disorder and amorphization were revealed in the proton-irradiated sample, with considerably decreased electrical conductivity. Besides, C-OH bond with a sp3 configuration was identified in the proton-irradiated sample, apparently giving rise to a narrow ESR peak ascribed to localized spins.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.250-254
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• 2011

The study was carried out to evaluate the affect of proton beam radiation on production of bulbil and tuber including change of endogenous gibberellins, of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. The yield of bulbils and tubers from non- and irradiated D. opposita Thunb at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy were determined. Endogenous gibberellins were also quantified by GC/MS analysis. D. opposita tubers irradiated at 15 Gy produced higher bulbil production than non-irradiated plants. Enlarged bulbil (above size diameter 4 mm) was significantly increased at 15 Gy. Bioactive endogenous $GA_4$ was dominant in bulbils and tubers irradiated with proton beam rather than $GA_1$. Major gibberellins biosynthetic pathways in bulbils and tubers of D. opposita plants were non C-13 hydroxylation route. From the results of this study, 15 Gy proton beam radiation was suggested as an optimal dose that can produce high amounts of bulbil for mass production of D. opposita plant.