• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.202-213
• /
• 1985

The protein nutritional quality of foods has become an important factor to food processors with the advent of nutritional labeling regulations for foods. Then, as is true today, the officially approved assay for protein nutritional quality was the rat based protein efficiency ratio(PER) bioassay. The PER bioassay requires a minimum of 28 days to performe, and is therefore not applicable to routine quality assurance use by the food industry. Within the past ten years there has been a research emphasis placed on the development of rapid, inexpensive, biological and/or chemical based assays for protein nutritional quality. It was hoped that if a rapid assay could be developed and thoroughly tested, it could be used in lieu of the PER bioassay in the day-to-day quality assurance screening of food ingredients and products. The rapid assays developed in the hope of attaining this goal have been based on microorganisms, proteolytic enzymes, and amino acid profiles, as well as combinations of the above. In this review, it will be described and briefly discussed many of procedures which had contributed conceptually as well as practically to the development of in vitro methods for the evaluation of protein quality. Special emphasis will be placed on the C-PER(computed protein efficiency ratio) assay which combines data from in vitro protease digestion and amino acid composition to predict protein nutritional quality designed by Satterlee et al. (1980), and the DC-PER(discriminant computed PER) which is a method of estimating protein quality based on rat assay and in vitro digestibility obtained using solely essential amino acid data will be also introduced.

• 식품과학과 산업
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.270-277
• /
• 2018

대두단백이 인체에 유익한 효과를 주는 양질의 단백질이라는 사실은 수많은 임상연구를 통해 검증됐다. 동물성 단백질의 높은 탄소발자국과 지속가능성에 대한 우려가 증가하고, 식물성 식품의 섭취를 늘릴 것을 권고하는 각국 보건당국의 움직임에 따라 식물성 단백질에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 대두단백은 상용화된 식물성 단백질 중에서는 유일하게 완전단백질 식품으로 알려진 우유 및 달걀과 동등한 영양가를 갖는 단백질이다. 대두단백은 HDL콜레스테의 감소 없이 LDL 콜레스테롤, 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방을 감소시키는 효과가 있어 심혈관계 건강 증진에 도움을 주며, 동맥경화 진행을 늦추는 것으로 알려졌다. 대두단백은 다른 고품질 단백질과 마찬가지로 포만감을 증가시켜 체중 조절에 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라, 체중 감소 시 실질체중(lean body mass) 보존을 도와 체성분 구성을 개선할 수 있도록 한다. 대두단백은 필수 아미노산의 적절한 공급을 통해 근육량을 보존시킬 뿐 아니라, 유청단백질과 카제인 등의 유단백과 함께 섭취함으로써 근육 성장을 더욱 촉진시키는 이점이 있다. 대두단백은 다양한 종류의 제품에 적용할 수 있다. 분산성, 유화 정도, 점도, 밀도, 겔 형성도 및 용해도를 조절한 다양한 분리대두단백 제품이 출시되었기 때문에, 원하는 조직감, 식감, 수화 정도 등에 따라 적절한 제품을 선택하여 적용할 수 있다. 이와 같은 장점 때문에 대두단백은 영양보충용 음료, 뉴트리션 바, 아이스크림 및 푸딩 등에 동물성 단백질의 대체재 혹은 보완재로 사용된다. 또, 대두단백은 육가공품 및 수산가공식품의 동물성단백질을 대체하여 경제적으로 제품의 품질을 향상시키면서도 본래의 식감을 유지할 수 있게 해준다. 마지막으로, 대두단백은 스낵, 시리얼, 음료, 파스타 및 간편식의 단백질 함량을 높이기 위해서도 널리 사용된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.213-238
• /
• 2022

This study aims to investigate protein consumption market trends in Korea. Protein consumption was divided according to the protein source into meat, fishery, and plant-based protein. To accomplish the goal of this study, food purchase data from 525 households panels collected by the Rural Development Administration over the last 10 years were used. The results of the study showed an increase or decrease in protein consumption by protein type over the last 10 years, and a reason to explain this change has been suggested. Specifically, this study found a dramatic increase in the consumption of several proteins, including beef sirloin, beef tenderloin, seasoned beef & steak, pork belly, pork shoulder, pork neck, seasoned pork, pork cutlet, sweet and sour pork, canned ham, chicken drumstick, chicken breast, dak gangjeong, Chinese fried chili chicken, salmon, eel, abalone, squid, octopus, webfoot octopus, octopus minor, canned whelk, tofu, cold bean soup,and plant-based milk. Some items showed no increase in consumption (such as beef jerky, pork rib, sausage, bacon, whole raw chicken, cutlass fish, oyster, fish cake, crab stick, surimi sausage,and canned fishery), whereas a few items showed decreased consumption (e.g., mackerel, pollack, cod,and canned tuna)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2011

Delivery of therapeutic protein drugs is a hot issue in the clinical application, because protein drugs have low side effects and highly therapeutic effects compared with chemical drugs. Despite their prominent advantages, protein drugs have high risk for human therapy such as their easy degradation by proteolytic enzymes, renal filtration and immune response. Over the past few decades, a large number of polysaccharides as vehicles for the protein delivery system have been developed to overcome the problems. This review presents the studies on protein delivery based on polysaccharides used as stabilizer and vehicles comprising nano- or microspheres to overcome inherent limitations of therapeutic proteins.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
• /
• pp.812-815
• /
• 2006

Proteins are essential agents for controlling, effecting and modulating cellular functions, and proteins with similar sequences have diverged from a common ancestral gene, and have similar structures and functions. Function prediction of unknown proteins remains one of the most challenging problems in bioinformatics. Recently, various computational approaches have been developed for identification of short sequences that are conserved within a family of closely related protein sequence. Protein function is often correlated with highly conserved motifs. Motif is the smallest unit of protein structure and function, and intends to make core part among protein structural and functional components. Therefore, prediction methods using data mining or machine learning have been developed. In this paper, we describe an approach for protein function prediction of motif-based models using data mining. Our work consists of three phrases. We make training and test data set and construct classifier using a training set. Also, through experiments, we evaluate our classifier with other classifiers in point of the accuracy of resulting classification.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2015

In the protein database search, 3D structural shape comparison for protein screening plays a important role. Protein databases have big size and have been grown rapidly. Exhaustive search methods cannot provide a satisfactory performance. As protein is composed of a set of spheres, the similarity calculation of two set of spheres is very expensive. Thus, a reasonable filtering method could be an answer for the speedup of protein screening. In this paper, we suggest a speedup method for protein screening with atom number and bounding sphere. We also show some experimental results for the validity of our method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.643-650
• /
• 2009

Two metabolism trials were conducted with 24 wether lambs to investigate the effects of feeding crab meal and other protein supplements on N utilization, digestibility and Ca and P balance in sheep. The lambs (avg. BW, 25 kg) were randomly allotted to eight diets in each of two trials. The supplements were: i) none, negative control (NC); ii) soybean meal (SBM), control; iii) supplement based on industrial byproducts of both plant and animal origin (IPA); iv) experimental supplement based on byproducts of animal origin (ESA); v) hydrolyzed supplement No 4. (HESA); vi) commercial supplement based on animal protein (CS), $Pro-Lak^{(R)}$ vii) crab meal (CM); and viii) urea (U). The supplements supplied 33% of the total dietary N (CP, 9.8%; DM basis). Lambs fed the NC diet had lower (p<0.05) DM and OM digestibility. Lower (p<0.05) apparent absorption of N was recorded for the lambs fed the HESA and NC diets. Sheep fed CM had lower Ca absorption compared to SBM. Highest (p<0.05) P absorption was observed for lambs fed CS and CM and lowest for U and NC diets. Sheep fed CM had higher (p<0.05) total VFA concentration (65.7 ${\mu}mol/ml$), compared to those fed ESA, CS, and NC diets (47.3, 49.8, and 49.5 ${\mu}mol/ml$, respectively). Highest (p<0.05) ruminal $NH_3$ N (29.6 mg/dl) was observed in lambs fed the U diet, while those fed the NC diet had the lowest (p<0.05) average value (7.66 mg/dl). Lambs fed the U diet had the highest (p<0.05) blood urea N (10.67 mg/dl). The present study showed that N utilization of diets supplemented with experimental supplements based on feather meal and blood meal; commercial supplement based on animal protein, $Prolak^{(R)}$ supplement based on plant protein and blood meal; and crab meal are comparable with that of soybean meal.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 2000

Determined sequences of 384 randomly selected clones in a PCR-based cDNA library of Antheraea yamamai could identify expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of highly expressed gene. One EST (fibroin) appeared 15 times, one EST (40S ribosomal protein S18) twelve times, one EST (ribosomal protein S24a) eleven times, ten times (ribosomal protein S8), nine times (60S ribosomal protein L10A), seven times (60S ribosomal protein S15A, S17, S17 and seroin), six times (ribosomal protein S8), five times (ribosomal protein S24, mariner transposase and P8 protein), four times (serpin 2), three times (heat shock protein 70 and poly A binding protein), and the remaining 6 ESTs twice (amylase, KIAA1006, elongation factor-1, transposon mag, translation initiation factor 4C, QM protein, transposase). Therefore, the 94 EST make it possible to identify 24 redundant clones that are candidates for highly expressed genes in posterior silk gland of this insect. The 24 redundant EST clones were identified in GenBank, but none of them was related to A. yamamai, suggesting that there are many unidentified genes which are highly expressed in the A. yamamai genome.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.629-634
• /
• 2009

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are part of multi-protein networks called 'receptosomes'. These GPCR interacting proteins (GIPs) in the receptosomes control the targeting, trafficking and signaling of GPCRs. PDZ domain proteins constitute the largest protein family among the GIPs, and the predominant function of the PDZ domain proteins is to assemble signaling pathway components into close proximity by recognition of the last four C-terminal amino acids of GPCRs. We present here a machine learning based approach for the identification of GPCR-binding PDZ domain proteins. In order to characterize the network of interactions between amino acid residues that contribute to the stability of the PDZ domain-ligand complex and to encode the complex into a feature vector, amino acid contact matrices and physicochemical distance matrix were constructed and adopted. This novel machine learning based method displayed high performance for the identification of PDZ domain-ligand interactions and allowed the identification of novel GPCR-PDZ domain protein interactions.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제51권10호
• /
• pp.526-531
• /
• 2018

Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in diverse biological processes and their misregulations are associated with a wide range of diseases. Especially, the growing attention to PPIs as a new class of therapeutic target is increasing the need for an efficient method of cell-based PPI analysis. Thus, we newly developed a robust PPI assay (SeePPI) based on the co-translocation of interacting proteins to the discrete subcellular compartment 'processing body' (p-body) inside living cells, enabling a facile analysis of PPI by the enriched fluorescent signal. The feasibility and strength of SeePPI (${\underline{S}}ignal$ ${\underline{e}}nhancement$ ${\underline{e}}xclusively$ on ${\underline{P}}-body$ for ${\underline{P}}rotein-protein$ ${\underline{I}}nteraction$) assay was firmly demonstrated with FKBP12/FRB interaction induced by rapamycin within seconds in real-time analysis of living cells, indicating its recapitulation of physiological PPI dynamics. In addition, we applied p53/MDM2 interaction and its dissociation by Nutlin-3 to SeePPI assay and further confirmed that SeePPI was quantitative and well reflected the endogenous PPI. Our SeePPI assay will provide another useful tool to achieve an efficient analysis of PPIs and their modulators in cells.