• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2003

융합단백질의 절단을 위해 EK를 고정화하여 액상 절단반응과 같은 80％의 절단수율을 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 니켈 친화칼럼을 이용하여 간단한 정제공정을 구축하였다. 공유결합한 EK의 경우 니켈친화 결합한 EK보다 높은 재접힘 수율을 나타내었고 풀림과 재접힘을 이용하여 효소의 초기 활성을 회복함에 따라서 반복사용을 통한 경제적인 절단공정을 구축할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 고정화 과정에서 효소의 활성이 감소하는 문제점과 고정화 수율을 높이기 위한 연구가 필요하다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.486-491
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• 1999

An engineered cDNA from Phanerochaete chrysosporium encoding both the mature and propeptide-sequence regions of lignin peroxidase H2 (Lip H2) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to evaluate its catalytic characteristics and potential application as a pollution scavenger. All expressed proteins were aggregated in an inactive inclusion body, which might be due to inherent disulfide bonds. Active enzyme was obtained by refolding with glutathione-mediated oxidation in refolding solution containing $Ca^{2+}$, heme, and urea. Propeptide-sequence region was not processed as evidenced by N-terminal sequence analysis. Recombinant Lip H2 (rLip H2) had the same physical properties of the native protein but differed in the $K_{cat}$. Catalytic efficiency ($k_{cat}/K_m$) of rLip H2 was slightly higher than that of the native enzyme. In order to express an active protein, fusion systems with thioredoxin or Dsb A, which have disulfide isomerase activity, were used. The fused proteins expressed by the Dsb A fusion vector were aggregated, whereas half of the thioredoxin fusion proteins were recovered as a soluble form but still catalytically inactive. These results suggest that Lip H2 may not be expressed as an active enzyme in Escherichia coli although the activity can be recovered by in vitro refolding.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.632-637
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• 2000

This research was undertaken to restore the biological activity of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) of Bacillus macerans origin expressed as inclusion bodies in recombinant Escherichia coli. The optimum concentration of urea used as a denaturant was 8 M. The supplementation of 0.5 M urea into a dialysis buffer increased the refolding efficiency by preventing any protein aggregation. The influence of the protein concentration, temperature, and pH were also investigated. The protein concentration was found to be the most important factor in the refolding efficiency. The optimum temperature was 15-$25^{\circ}C$ and the optimum pH was 6.0. The maximum specific activity of the CGTase refolded under the optimum conditions was 92.2 U/mg, corresponding to 72% of the native CGTase. A comparison of the secondary structure between the native and the refolded CGTase showed that the relative ratio of the $\alpha$-helix content in the native to the refolded CGTase was 1:0.82.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.338-340
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• 2005

변성제 (urea)와 환원제에 의해 완전히 풀린 상태의 lipase도 PEG에 의해 수식되는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한 mPEG-aldehyde로 수식된 mono-PEGylate과 di-PEGylate을 변성제와 환원제를 이용해 unfolding 시킨 후 희석에 의한 재접힘 시킨 결과, lipase에 공유결합된 PEG 분자는 재접힘 수율에 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 내포체 단백질을 대상으로 변성된 상태에서 PEGylation시킨 후 in vitro 재접힘 공정을 통해 PEGylation된 상태의 재생된 단백질을 회수할 수 있는 통합공정의 타당성을 제시하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2001

Substantial progress has been made towards understanding the folding mechanisms of proteins in virto and in vivo even though the general rules governing such folding events remain unknown. This paper reviews current folding models along with experimental approaches used to elucidate the folding pathways. Protein misfolding is discussed in relation to disease states, such as amyloidosis, and the recent findings on the mechanism of converting normally soluble proteins into amyloid fibrils through the formation of intermediates provide an insight into understanding the pathogenesis of amyloid formation and possible cules for the development of therapeutic treatments. Finally, some commonly adopted refolding strategies developed over the part decade are summarized.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2002

Poly-Iysine이 tagging된 hEGF와 angiogenin(6L10ESA)의 융합단백질의 고체상 재접힘이 heparin-Sepharose colullln에서 수행되었을 때, untagging 단백질(E5h)의 기존의 액상 재접힘 방법과 비교하여 재접힘 수율은 약 13배 정도 증가하였다. 게다가 poly-Iysine tagging된angiogenin은 heparin에 친화도를 높여주므로 2.5배에서 3배 정도의 흡탁 수율이 증가한다. 재접힘 수율은 고체상 반응으로 인해 높은 재현성을 보였다. 재접힘 공정시간은 대략 8배 단축되었다. 고체상 재전힘된 단백질은 자신의 생물학적 역가를 유지하였다. 따라서 이 연구는 고체상 재접힘 방법이 분자간의 상호작용을 억제하여 응집현상을 현저히 줄였기 때문에 기인한 결과로 생각된다. 따라서 응집으로 인한 재접힘 수율이 낮은 단백질의 재접힘 긍정에 고체상 재접힘 공정을 사용하면 높은 재접힘 수율을 얻을 수 있다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.500-505
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• 2003

재조합 대장균에서 내포체 형태로 발현시킨 LK68을 생물학적 활성을 가진 native한 단백질로 재생시키기 위해서 PBA 크로마토그래피와 EBA 크로마토그래피를 이용한 고체상 재접힘을 수행하였다. 내포체와 세포파쇄액을 시작물질로 하여 재접힘 공정을 수행하였으며 총 단백질 회수율과 재접힘 수율을 비교한 결과, EBA 공정이 기존의 액상 재접힘이나 PBA를 이용한 재접힘 공정에 비하여 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 Iysine binding, RP-HPLC, SEC-HPLC, Ellman method 등을 사용하여 분석한 결과 재접힘된 LK68이 native LK68와 동등함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 EBA 크로마토그래피를 이용한 재접힘 방법은 재접힘 단계의 수율을 향상시킬 뿐 아니라 공정 단계, 시간 등을 감소시켜 공정 성능을 전체적으로 향상시킬 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.553-559
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• 2014

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that represents the most common form of dementia among the elderly population. The deposition of aggregated ${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) senile plaques in the human brain is a classic observation in the neuropathology of AD, yet an understanding of the mechanism of their formation remains elusive. $A{\beta}$ is formed through endoproteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by ${\beta}$-secretase (BACE1, ${\beta}$-site APP-cleaving enzyme) and ${\gamma}$-secretase. In this study, BACE1 protein was successfully over-expressed, purified, and refolded and utilized in a binding study with hispidin. We developed a simpler refolding method using a urea gradient and size-exclusion gel filtration to purify an active BACE1 protein variant, in larger quantities than that reported previously, and measured the binding affinity of hispidin to the BACE1 protein variant through isothermal titration calorimetry.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2000

Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) is part of a complex capable of inducing ectopic bone formation in mammals. Studies on TGF-β1 processing and Drosophila dorsal-ventral patterning have focused attention on BMP-1 as important in mediating the biological activity of this bone inducing complex. Herein, the bacterial expression, refolding, purification, and initial characterization of the BMP-1 proteolytic domain (BPD) are described. A semi-quantitative fluorescence-based thin layer chromatography assay was developed to assist in rapidly screening for optimal renaturation conditions. According to a preliminary screen for optimal conditions for the refolding of BPD , a detectable proteolytic activity against a high turnover substrate for astacin, a homologous protease from crayfish was observed. The conditions identified have allowed the expression of sufficient amounts of BPD for the characterization of the protein. Its proteolytic activity exhibits the same cleavage specificity as astacin against seven substrates that were previously synthesized for studying astacin. Furthermore, this activity is inhibited by the metal chelator 1,10-phenanthroline but not by its analogue 1,7-phenanthroline. The collagenase inhibitor Pro-Leu-Gly hydroxamate was found to inhibit both astacin and BPD activity. The results presented in this paper argue that BMP-1 does in fact possess an intrinsic proteolytic activity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2011

Thermodynamic stability and refolding kinetics of firefly luciferase and three representative mutants with depletion of negative charge on a flexible loop via substitution of Glu by Arg (ER mutant) or Lys (EK mutant) as well as insertion of another Arg in ER mutants (ERR mutant) was investigated. According to thermodynamic studies, structural stability of ERR and ER mutants are enhanced compared to WT protein, whereas, these mutants become prone to aggregation at higher temperatures. Accordingly, it was concluded that enhanced structural stability of mutants depends on more compactness of folded state, whereas aggregation at higher temperatures in mutants is due to weakening of intermolecular repulsive electrostatic interactions and increase of intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. Kinetic results indicate that early events of protein folding are accelerated in mutants.