• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1548-1551
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• 2005

The leptin, an anti-obesity protein, is a hormone protein expressed and secreted mainly from adipocyte tissue, and involved in regulation of body weight, food intake and energy metabolism. In an effort to discover polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) might be implicated in phenotypic traits of growth, we have sequenced exons and their boundaries of leptin gene including 1,000 bp upstream of promoter region with twenty-four unrelated Korean cattle. Fifty-seven sequence variants were identified: fourteen in 5' flanking region, twenty-seven in introns, eight in exons, and eight in 3' flanking region. By pair-wise linkage analysis among polymorphisms, ten sets of SNPs were in absolute linkage disequilibrium (LD) (|D'| = 1 and $r^2$ = 1). Among variants identified, thirty-six SNPs were newly identified, and twenty-one SNPs, which were reported in other breeds, were also confirmed in Korean cattle. The allele frequencies of variants were quite different among breeds. The information from SNPs of bovine leptin gene could be useful for further genetic studies of this gene.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.309-313
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• 2008

The insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) has been investigated as a candidate gene for growth promoting effects in beef cattle and a modulator of IGF bioactivity. Previously, we have reported twenty two sequence variants discovered in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). In this study, we examined the association between gene-specific polymorphisms of IGFBP3 and cold carcass weight (CW) and marbling score (MS) among Korean native cattle. Among twenty two polymorphisms, four common polymorphic sites (-854G>C, -100G>A, +421G>T and +3863C>A) were genotyped in our beef cattle (n = 437). Statistical analysis revealed that one common polymorphism in the promoter region (-854G>C) showed putative associations with MS (p = 0.03). IGFBP3 variation/haplotype information analyzed in this study will provide valuable information into strategies for the production of a commercial line of beef cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.393-405
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• 2005

In prion pathogenesis, the structural conversion of the cellular prion protein $(PrP^c)$ to its abnormal isomer $(PrP^{Sc})$ is believed to be a major event. The susceptibility or resistance to natural sheep scrapie is associated with polymorphisms of host PrP gene (PRNP) at amino acid residues 136, to a lesser extent 154. The 112 residue in ovine PrP displays a natural polymorphism, Methionine to Threonine, which has not been thoroughly investigated. However the cell-free conversion assay showed that ARQ with Thr112 $(T_{112}ARQ)^{1)}$ presents lower convertibility to $PrP^{Sc}$than wild type ARQ $(M_{112}ARQ)$ [1] In this study we generated ovine recombinant PrPs of 112 allelic variants by metal chelate affinity chromatography and cation exchange chromatography. The final purity of the ovine PrP ARQ was more than $95\%$. These variants showed similar immunoreactivity against anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies in Western blot and ELISA. The refolded $M_{112}ARQ$ and $M_{112}ARQ$ presented the secondary structural content to similar extent via CD spectroscopy analysis. The inherited structural features of $M_{112}ARQ$ and $M_{112}ARQ$ under the different biophysical conditions are in the middle of investigation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.445-450
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• 2019

Human infections due to the monkey malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is increasingly being reported from most Southeast Asian countries specifically Malaysia. The parasite causes severe and fatal malaria thus there is a need for urgent measures for its control. In this study, the level of polymorphisms, haplotypes and natural selection of full-length pkmsp8 in 37 clinical samples from Malaysian Borneo along with 6 lab-adapted strains were investigated. Low levels of polymorphism were observed across the full-length gene, the double epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains were mostly conserved, and non-synonymous substitutions were absent. Evidence of strong negative selection pressure in the non-EGF regions were found indicating functional constrains acting at different domains. Phylogenetic haplotype network analysis identified shared haplotypes and indicated geographical clustering of samples originating from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. This is the first study to genetically characterize the full-length msp8 gene from clinical isolates of P. knowlesi from Malaysia; however, further functional characterization would be useful for future rational vaccine design.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

A study was made of the haemolymph protein spectrum of mulberry silkworm (Bomhyx mori L.) from the first larval instar to imago. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used. Sixteen races and eight F1 interracial hybrids, raised in Bulgaria, were analyzed. During the ontogenesis, a total of 17 protein bands (15 cathodic and 2 anodic) were detected. Distinct dynamics in the haemolymph protein spectrum was observed, in result of different expression during the individual development associated with the processes of growth, histolysis and histogenesis. Based on the ontogenetic dynamics found, a correspondence was assumed between some proteins detected by us using the starch gel electrophoresis and major haemolymph proteins (SP1, SP2, MHPs and Vg) detected by other authors using the polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Intraracial and interracial polymorphism was observed in four protein zones. The effect of four polymorphic loci with codominant and null alleles was suggested.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2003

Small dense LDL(LDL III) is emerging as a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. LDL III generation is associated with high triglyceride concentration, high hepatic lipase activity, and high cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) levels. CETP polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with coronary artery disease. In this study, we investigated the relationship between CETP polymorphism and LDL III generation. VLDL1, VLDL2, IDL and LDL subfractions were measured in 87 normal healthy Korean subjects who had been SNP genotyped for Taq1B, I405v and A629C. We found no differences in LDL subfractions and lipoprotein composition between homozygotes for Taq1B2B2, and those for Taq1B1B1 and Taq1B1B2. There were no differences in LDL subfractions and lipoprotein composition between homozygotes for 629AA, and those for 629AC and -629CC. However, homozygotes for 405VV had a significantly lower LDL III concentration and proportion than those for 405II and 405IV. We concluded that, among the Taq1B, I405V and A629C polymorphisms, only the 1405V polymorphism was associated with the concentration and proportion of LDL III.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2005

Background : IGFBP-3 inhibits the mitogenic and anti-apoptotic activity of IGF by blocking the binding of IGF to its receptor. However, under certain circumstances, IGFBP-3 can enhance the activity of IGF by protecting IGF from its degradation. More than half of the interindividual variations in IGFBP-3 levels are known to be genetically determined by the polymorphism at -202 locus of IGFBP-3 gene. Method : We attempted to ascertain whether A-202C polymorphic variation of IGFBP-3 gene constitutes a risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Our study included 104 NSCLC patients and 104 age-, gender-, and smoking status-matched control subjects. Result : In the 104 NSCLC subjects, the genotypic frequencies at the -202 site were as follows: AA = 67 (64.4%), AC = 35 (33.7%), and CC = 2 (1.9%). We did detect significant differences in the genotypic distribution between the NSCLC and the control subjects (p<0.05), and the NSCLC risk correlated significantly with AA genotype at the -202 locus (AA>AC>CC). Using CC genotype as a reference, the odds ratio (OR) for the subjects with AC genotype was 2.60 (95% CI: 0.89 - 8.60), and the OR associated with AA genotype was 5.89 (95% CI: 1.92 - 21.16). Conclusion : These results indicate that the dysregulation of IGF axis should now be considered as another important risk factor for NSCLC, and a potential target for novel antineoplastic therapies and/or preventative strategies in high-risk groups.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.328-332
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• 2005

The effect of k-casein (k-CN) variant on milk production traits (milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage and protein percentage) was estimated for 568 Holstein cows in the first lactation. The k-CN valiant were determined by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique at the DNA level. Single trait linear model was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Result of this study indicated that k-CN variant affected significantly milk yield (P<0.05) and protein yield (P<0.01). Animals with the BB variant produced 622kg milk more and had protein yield higher by 32kg compared with animals with the AA variant No associations between the k-CN variants and other milk production trait were found. Therefore, milk and protein yield may be improved through milk protein typing by increasing the frequencies of k-CN B variant in dairy cattle population. In cheese making, it will be also preferable to have milk with the B variant of k-CN, which gives higher yield having a better quality than the A variant milk.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.584-588
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• 2010

Clusterin is an 80 kDa heterodimetric glycosylated protein which plays diverse biological roles in various tissues and organs. Clusterin is reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. Therefore, we investigated the genotype for the T

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.939-945
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• 2003

Seventeen Chinese indigenous pig breeds and three introduced pig breeds had been carried out by means of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). According to the results, eight serum protein loci were highly polymorphic except Pi-2 and Cp. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of Hpx was the highest (0.5268), while that of Cp was the lowest (0.0257). The population genetic variation index showed that about 84% genetic variation existed in the population, and the rest of 16% distributed between the populations. The genetic variation of Yimeng black pig and Duroc were the highest and the lowest, respectively. The genetic variation of Chinese indigenous pig breeds was much more than that of exotic groups. Genetic distance results showed that Chinese indigenous pig breeds were classified into four groups with the three introduced pig breeds clustered into another group. The results also supported the geographic distribution of Chinese indigenous pig breeds in certain extent.