• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2011

Background: The leukocyte common antigen (CD45) is a transmembrane-type protein tyrosine phosphatase that has five isoforms. Methods: We generated seven murine mAbs against human CD45 by injecting cells from different origins, such as human thymocytes, PBMCs, and leukemic cell lines. By using various immunological methods including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, we evaluated the reactivity of those mAbs to CD45 of thymus as well as tonsil lysates. Furthermore, we transiently transfected COS-7 cells with each of gene constructs that express five human CD45 isoforms respectively, and examined the specificities of the mAbs against the transfected isoforms. Results: In case of thymocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes, all the seven mAbs demonstrated positive reactivities whereas none was reactive to erythrocytes and platelets. The majority of immune cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thymus and tonsil tissues displayed strong membranous immunoreactivity, and the main antigen was detected near 220 kDa in all cases. Among the mAbs, four mAbs (AP4, DN11, SHL-1, and P6) recognized a region commonly present in all the five isoforms. One mAb, YG27, recognized four isoforms (ABC, AB, BC, and O). Two mAbs, P1 and P14, recognized the isoforms that contain exon A encoded regions (ABC and AB). Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that AP4, DN11, SHL-1, YG27 and P6, are mAbs reactive with the CD45 antigen whereas P1 and P14 are reactive with the CD45RA antigen.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2022

Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Weight 28.1±3.7 g, Length 10.0±1.0 cm) were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila at 0, 2.0×10⁴, 2.0×10⁵, 2.0×10⁶, 2.0×10⁷ CFU/ml for 2 weeks. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) at 2 weeks of C. carassius challenged with A. hydrophila was 19.776×10⁵ CFU/ml. In hematological parameters, the hemoglobin and RBC counts were significantly decreased by A. hydrophila challenge, whereas there was no significant change in hematocrit. The inorganic plasma components such as magnesium and calcium were significantly decreased. In organic plasma components, glucose and cholesterol were significantly increased by A. hydrophila challenge, whereas total protein was significantly decreased. In enzymatic plasma components, ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) were significantly increased by A. hydrophila challenge. The results of this study suggest that the A. hydrophila challenge to C. carassius induced the significant physiological changes in the hematological parameters and plasma components as deadly pathogenic bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.992-997
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the indirect effect of silk-fibroin on osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. The conditioned medium were collected from MC3T3-E1 osbeoblasts treated with $0.001\;mg/mL{\sim}0.1\;mg/mL$ silk fibroin for 6 days, mixed in 1:1 ratio with osteoclast medium, and then added into RAW264.7 cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), a differentiation inducer for 3 days. Of osteoclastic cytokines in the conditioned medium, the protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) with silk-fibroin was not significantly different. However, the protein expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ was specifically lower in a dose dependent manner. In RAW264.7 cells, the conditioned medium with silk-fibroin inhibited RANKL induced osteoclastic differentiation as total number of multinucleated tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, we demonstrated that the conditioned medium of silk-fibroin treated osteoblasts inhibits RANKL induced differentiation of osteoclasts with inhibiting selective expression of IL-$1{\beta}$.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether enzyme-hydrolyzed poultry by-product meal (EHPBM) is more effective as a protein source than poultry by-product meal (PBM) and soybean meal (SBM) for broiler chickens. A group of 300 one-day-old broiler chicks was randomly allocated to three treatments with five replicates (20 birds/replicate) for five weeks. The treatments consisted of basal diets containing 1) SBM, 2) PBM, and 3) EHPBM. The EHPBM-fed group (1,853 g±125.60) showed the highest final body weight (P<0.05) when compared to the PBM-fed group (1,723 g±76.81) and SBM-fed group (1,545 g±62.31). The feed conversion ratio of the EHPBM treatment group (1.740±0.104) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the SBM (1.653±0.056) and PBM groups (1.674±0.072). It can be speculated that the increased feed intake in the EHPBM group led to higher body weight gain and FCR. There was no significant effect of treatments on internal organ weight except for the bursa of Fabricius. Blood biochemical characteristic analysis showed that aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were higher in the EHPBM and PBM groups (P<0.05), probably due to the strained liver caused by the rapid growth of birds. In conclusion, EHPBM may partly replace conventional dietary protein sources such as soybean meal or poultry by-product meal and can be used to improve the productivity of broilers.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.1
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• pp.237-249
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• 1992

In order to study tile effects of moxibustion on renal failure induced by $HgCl_2$ in rats aminal experiments were carry out. The moxibustion was treat into Sin-soo locus(VII23), We-soo locus(VII21) and Sin-soo + We-soo loci these loci were correspond to human body. Experimental group were divided into 4 groups : lontrol group, moxibustion groups treat on Sin-Soo and We-Soo, Sin-Soo + We-Soo group. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The concentration of serum sodium were inreased in all the groups, compared with those of the control group. Sin-Soo, We-Soo, Sin-Soo + We-Soo loci showed increased on the 1st and 3rd days. All three experimental groups showed a significant increased on 3rd day. 2. The concentration of serum potassium were decreased in all the group, compared with those of the control group. Sin-Soo, We-Soo showed a significant decrease on 3rd day. Sin-Soo + We-Soo showed a little decrease but do not significant decrease. 3. The levels of serum total protein were increased in all the group, compare with those of the control group. Sin-Soo, We-Soo show a significant increased or 3rd day. Sin-Soo + We-Soo do not showed a significant increased. 4. The levels of serum albumin were decreased in all the groups, compared with those of the control group. Sin-Soo, Sin-Soo + We-Soo showed a significant decrease on 3rd day. We-Soo does not showed a significant decrease. 5. The concentration of serum blood urea nitrogen were decreased in all the groups, compared with those of the control group. Sin-Soo, We-Soo, Sin-Soo + We-Soo showed a significant decrease on 3rd day. 6. The levels of serum alkaline phosphatase were decreased in all the group, compared with those of the control groups. Sin-Soo, We-Soo showed a significant decrease on 3rd day Sin-Soo + We-Soo not a significant decrease. In conclusion, the result of this study seemed to effect on the treatment for renal failure induced by $HgCl_2$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.847-854
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• 2014

Different herbs and spices have been used as feed additives for various purposes in poultry production. This study was conducted to assess the effect of feed supplemented with black pepper (Piper nigrum), turmeric powder (Curcuma longa), coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) and their combinations on the performance of broilers. A total of 210 (Cobb) one-d-old chicks were divided into seven groups of 30 birds each. The treatments were: a control group received no supplement, 0.5% black pepper (T1), 0.5% turmeric powder (T2), 2% coriander seeds (T3), a mixture of 0.5% black pepper and 0.5% turmeric powder (T4), a mixture of 0.5% black pepper and 2% coriander seed (T5), and a mixture of 0.5% black pepper, 0.5% turmeric powder and 2% coriander seeds (T6). Higher significant values of body weight gain during the whole period of 5 weeks (p<0.001) were observed in broilers on T1, T3, T5, and T6 compared to control. Dietary supplements with T1, T2, T3, and T6 improved the cumulative G:F of broilers during the whole period of 5 weeks (p<0.001) compared with control. The dressing percentage and edible giblets were not influenced by dietary supplements, while higher values of relative weight of the liver (p<0.05) were obtained in T5 and T6 compared to control. The addition of feed supplements in T5 and T6 significantly increased serum total protein and decreased serum glucose, triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase concentrations compared with the control group (p<0.05). Broilers on T6 showed significant decrease in the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase concentration (p<0.05) compared to control. The broilers having T5 and T6 supplemented feed had relatively greater antibody titre (p<0.001) at 35 d of age than control. It is concluded that dietary supplements with black pepper or coriander seeds or their combinations enhanced the performance and health status of broiler chickens.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

This study was initiated in order to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulating activities of crude polysaccharides extracted in methanol, neutral saline, and hot water (hereinafter referred to as Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW, respectively) from the fruiting bodies of Panellus serotinus. Content of ${\beta}$-glucan and protein in Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW extracts of P. serotinus ranged from 22.92~28.52 g/100 g and 3.24~3.68 g/100 g, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, none of the various fractions of crude polysaccharides were cytotoxic against sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cell lines at the tested concentration. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides resulted in a life prolongation effect of 23.53~44.71% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma 180. Treatment with Fr. HW resulted in an increase in the numbers of spleen cells by 1.3 fold at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ compared with control. Treatment with Fr. NaCl resulted in improvement of the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.4 fold, compared with control, at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Among the three fractions, maximum nitric oxide ($13.48{\mu}M$) was recorded at $500{\mu}g/mL$ in Fr. HW. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6 was significantly higher, compared to the positive control, concanavalin A, at the tested concentration. Therefore, treatment with crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of P. serotinus could result in improvement of antitumor activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.413-423
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• 1997

The importance of the kidney in the development of hypertension was first demonstrated by Goldblatt and his colleagues more than fifty years ago. Many hormones and other regulatory factors have been proposed to play a major role in the development of hypertension. Among these factors angiotensia II (ANG II) is closely involved in renal hypertension development since it directly regulates $Na^+$ reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. Thus the aim of the present study was to examine signaling pathways of low dose of ANC II on the $Na^+$ uptake of primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) in hormonally defined seum-free medium. The results were as follows: 1) $10^{-11}$ M ANG II has a significant stimulatory effect on growth as compared with control. Alkaline phosphatase exhibited significantly increased activity. However, leucine aminopeptidase and ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transpeptidase activity were not significant as compared with control. In contrast to $10^{-11}$ M ANG II stimulated $Na^+$ uptake $(108.03{\pm}2.16% of that of control)$, $10^{-9}$ M ANG II inhibited ($92.42{\mu}2.23%$ of that of control). The stimulatory effect of ANG II on $Na^+$ uptake was amiloride-sensitive and inhibited by losartan (ANG II receptor subtype 1 antagonist) and not by PD123319 (ANG II receptor subtype 2 antagonist). 2) Pertussis toxin (PTX) alone inhibited $Na^+$ uptake by $85.52{\pm}3.52%$ of that of control. In addition, PTX pretreatment prevented the AMG II-induced stimulation of $Na^+$ uptake. 8-Bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), forskolin, and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) alone inhibited $Na^+$ uptake by $88.79{\pm}2.56,\;80.63{\pm}4.38,\;and\;84.47{\pm}4.74%$ of that of control, respectively, and prevented the ANG II-induced stimulation of $Na^+$ uptake. However, $10^{-11}$ M ANG II did not stimulate cAMP production. 3) The addition of 12-O-te-tradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 0.01 ng/ml) to the PTCs produced significant increase in $Na^+$ uptake ($114.43{\pm}4.05%$ of that of control). When ANG II and TPA were added together to the PTCs, there was no additive effect on $Na^+$ uptake. Staurosporine alone had no effect on $Na^+$ uptake, but led to a complete inhibition of ANG II- or TPA-induced stimulation of Na'uptake. ANG II treatment resulted in a $111.83{\mu}4.51%$ increase in total protein kinase C (PKC) activity. In conclusion, the PTX-sensitive PKC pathway is the main signaling cascade involved in the stimulatory effects of ANG II on $Na^+$ uptake in the PTCs.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.516-520
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• 2011

Osteoporosis is social problem around the world, because fracture of old age may lead to critical medical condition. Osteoclast is a main target for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis due to their responsibility for bone resorption. Saussureae Radix has been known that has gastro-protective, bronchodilatory effect and has a anti-biotic effect. Saussureae Radix has been widely used in Oriental medicine. However, the effect of extract of Saussureae Radix in osteoclast differentiation remains unknown. Thus, we examined the effect of Saussureae Radix in receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}$B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. From the results of our study, Here we found that Saussureae Radix significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Saussureae Radix suppressed the activation of NF${\kappa}$B in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with RANKL. Also, Saussureae Radix significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 and cathepsin K in BMMs treated with RANKL. Particularly, Saussureae Radix greatly inhibited the protein expression of c-fos and NFATc1. especially in the case of NFATc1 expression, a master transcription factor of the differentiation of osteoclasts is very important step for osteoclastogenesis. These results demonstrate that Saussureae Radix may be useful treatment option of bone-related disease such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.669-673
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• 2011

To prevent and treat the osteoporotic fracture, more attention should be paid in old age patients. Osteoclast which has ability to bone resorption is originated from hematopoietic cell line and plays a key role osteoporotic bone loss. Rubi Fructus has been widely used in Oriental medicine. Extracts of the leaves and fruit of Rubus species have been used in various countries as natural remedies to treat diabetes, infections, colic, and burns. However, the effect of extract of Rubi Fructus (fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.) in osteoclast differentiation remains unknown. Thus, we evaluated the effect of Rubi Fructus on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. Here we found that Rubi Fructus significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Rubi Fructus suppressed the activation of p38 pathway and NFkB in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with RANKL. Also, Rubi Fructus significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 and cathepsin K in BMMs treated with RANKL. Particularly, Rubi Fructus greatly inhibited the protein expression of c-fos and NFATc1. especially in the case of NFATc1 expression, a master transcription factor of the differentiation of osteoclasts is very important step for osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Rubi Fructus may be useful treatment option of bone-related disease such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.