• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5115-5118
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• 2015

Background: The $p16^{INK4a}$ is a protein that expressed in Liquid-based cervical cytology specimens and has been proved link to cervical cancer. The $p16^{INK4a}$ could be detection by piezoelectric immunosensor and the immobilization of the $p16^{INK4a}$ antibody influence the sensitivity of the piezoelectric immunosensor. Materials and Methods: $5{\mu}L$ mouse polyclonal antibody against $p16^{INK4a}$ was bound onto the surface of immonosensor through two methods. (directly immobilized method; protein A method). Absorb of the $p16^{INK4a}$ antibody on the surface of immonosensor caused a shift in the resonant frequency of the immunosensor and The frequency changes recorded showed a better reproducibility. The activity of the immobilization antibody with the directly method and protein A method was tested with $p16^{INK4a}$ antigen. Results: The resonant frequency for different antibody immobilization methods were different, and the sensitivity for $p16^{INK4a}$ detection also different. Conclusions: The protein A method was found to be much more better than the directly method for the immobilization of the p16INK4A antibody on the gold electrode of the quartz crystal for cervical lesion detection. The Protein A method created more reproducible and stable immobilization antibody layers with p16INK4A antigen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of crystalline isoleucine supplementation of a low protein, corn-soybean meal diet on the performance and immune function of weanling pigs. Forty-five crossbred ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Large\;White$) piglets, weighing an average of $11.00{\pm}0.07kg$, were assigned to either a control diet containing 20% crude protein (0.64% isoleucine), a 16% crude protein diet without isoleucine supplementation (0.41% isoleucine) or a 16% crude protein diet supplemented with isoleucine (0.64% isoleucine). Reducing the crude protein content of the diet from 20 to 16% significantly (p<0.05) reduced both average daily gain and feed intake. Feed conversion also tended (p=0.07) to be poorer for a low protein diet without isoleucine supplementation. Isoleucine supplementation of the 16% crude protein diet increased both gain and feed intake to a level similar to that obtained by pigs fed the 20% crude protein diet (p>0.05). Blood urea nitrogen, serum total protein and serum globulin were significantly (p<0.05) higher for pigs fed the unsupplemented 16% crude protein diet than for pigs fed the isoleucine-supplemented diet or the control. Egg albumin antibody titre decreased significantly (p<0.05) in pigs fed the diet with isoleucine supplementation, whereas the antibody titre of pigs fed the low protein and low isoleucine diet was similar to that of pigs fed the diet containing 20% crude protein and 0.64% isoleucine. It was suggested that crystalline isoleucine supplementation of a low protein and low isoleucine diet improved pig performance but suppressed humoral immune function.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2012

Objectives: The inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene $p16^{INK4a}$ plays an important role in the development of malignant tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. The p16 gene is involved in the p16/cyclin-dependent kinase/retinoblastoma (Rb) gene pathway of cell cycle control. The p16 protein is considered a negative regulator of this pathway. The p16 gene encodes an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 which regulate the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene and G1 to S phase transition in the cell cycle. However, the p16 gene can lose its functionality through point mutations, loss of heterozygosity or methylation of its promoter region. Materials and Methods: In this study, the authors analyzed the correlation between various clinicopathological findings- patient age, gender and smoking, disease recurrence, tumor size, stage, and differentiation- and p16 protein expression or p16 promoter hypermethylation in 59 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Results: The results revealed p16 protein expression and p16 promoter hypermethylation in 28 cases (47.5%) and 21 cases (35.6%), respectively, of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, neither p16 protein expression nor p16 promoter hypermethylation had any statistical influence on clinicopathological findings or survival rate. Conclusion: This data, and a review of the literature, suggest that p16 promoter hypermethylation cannot yet be used as an independent prognostic factor influencing carcinogenesis, but must be considered as an important factor along with other genetic alterations affecting the pRb pathway.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

돌돔 사료의 적정 단백질 및 지질 함량을 구하기 위해 북양어분과 카제인을 단백원으로 하여 사료의 단백질 함량이 30, 40, 50 및 60%가 되도록 하고, 각 단백질 함량에 지질 함량이 8 및 16%가 되는 8종의 실험사료로 평균체중 7 g의 돌돔을 대상으로 8주간 사육 실험하였다. 사료의 단백질 함량에 따른 증체율 및 사료효율은 사료지질 8% 수준에서 사료단백질이 40% 이상인 사료구에서는 사료단백질 함량이 증가함에 따라 유의차 있게 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 사료지질 16% 수준에서는 사료단백질이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가, 사료단백질 50% 이상에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 사료지질 16% 수준에서 broken line model을 이용하여 증체율을 지표로 하여 돌돔의 적정 단백질 요구량을 구한 결과 46%로 추정되었다. 사료의 지질 함량에 따른 증체율은 사료단백질 40 및 50% 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 유의하게 높았으며, 사료효율은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 단백질 효율 및 단백질 축적율은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구가 높았다. 따라서 성장과 사료효율을 기준으로 볼 때 돌돔 사료의 적정 지질 함량은 16% 전후로 추정되었다. 전어체 및 등근육의 성분에서 단백질은 사료의 단백질 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 사료 단백질 40% 이상에서는 유의차가 없었으며, 지질은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구가 높았다. 간 및 내장의 성분에서 단백질은 사료의 단백질 함량에 따라 뚜렷한 경향이 없었지만, 지질은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 높았다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.104-104
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• 2022

Dendropanax morbiferus H. Lev has been reported to have some pharmacologic activities and also interested in functional cosmetics. We found that the water extract of D. morbiferus leaves significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced B16-F10 cells. D. morbiferus reduced melanogenesis-related protein levels, such as microphthalmia? associated transcription factor (MITF), TRP-1, and TRP-2, without any cytotoxicity. Two active ingredients of D. morbiferus, (10E)-9,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-10,17-dien-12,14-diynoate (DMW-1) and (10E)-(?)-10,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,9,16-triol (DMW-2) were identified by testing the anti-melanogenic effects and then by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. DMW-1 and DMW-2 significantly inhibited melanogenesis by the suppression of protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive binding protein (CREB) and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. DMW-1 showed a better inhibitory effect than DMW-2 in α-MSH-induced B16-F10 cells. D. morbiferus and its active component DMW-1 inhibited melanogenesis through the downregulation of cAMP, p-PKA/CREB, p-p38, MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase. These results indicate that D. morbiferus and DMW-1 may be useful ingredients for cosmetics and therapeutic agents for skin hyperpigmentation disorders.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 1992

에탄올섭취 수준을 5%로 고정하고 식이 단백질의 급여수준을 8%, 16%, 24%로 달리한 흰주의 혈액 및 간, 분, 뇨중의 단백질대사에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 생후 15주된 Sprague-Dawely계 숫쥐를 모두 8군으로 나누어 4주 및 10주로 실험기간을 달리하여 실험한 결과 체중증가량, 혈당농도 및 간중 단백질 농도는 에탄올과 단백질섭취 수준에 따른 영향은 없었으며, 장기의 무게는 10주 급식군에서 폐의 경우 대조군과 에탄올 섭취군(16PE)사이에는 유의성이 없었으나 에탄올 투여시 단백질 수준이 가장 높은 24PE군에 유의하게(p<0.05) 증가되었다. 혈청중 총단백질은 10주 급식군에서 대조군에 비해 에탄올을 첨가한 16PE, 24PE군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였으며, 알부민농도는 10주 급식군에서 대조군에 비해 에탄올을 첨가한 군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높았으며 단백질 수준에 따른 차이는 없었다. 분과 뇨중 질소대사에서는 에탄올에 의한 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2008

목 적 : p16 유전자는 염색체 9p21에 위치하는데 종양억제 유전자 중 하나로 cyclin-dependent kinase의 억제제로 작용하며 Rb 인산화를 억제한다. 다양한 종류의 종양에서 p16 유전자의 결실 또는 과메틸화가 발견되고 있는데 이는 급성림프구성백혈병에서도 흔히 발견되는 이상 소견으로 높은 빈도로 나타나고 있지만 급성림프구성백혈병의 예후와 p16 유전자의 연관성에 대해서는 아직 논란의 여지가 있다. 본 연구에서는 면역조직화학염색으로 확인한 p16 단백질의 소실과 급성림프구성백혈병 환아들의 임상 경과와의 연관성에 대하여 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1998년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 급성림프구성백혈병으로 진단된 74명의 진단 시 골수 슬라이드에서 p16 단백질 면역조직화학염색을 하였다. 환아들의 임상 양상, 검사실 소견, 치료 후 경과에 대해서 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 74명 중 12명에서 p16 단백질이 면역화학염색 결과 음성이었다. 이들 중 남아가 7명 여아가 5명이었으며 진단 시 연령의 중앙값은 5.8(1.3-18.8)세였다. 백혈구 수의 중앙값은 17,225 $(500-403,300)/{\mu}L$ 이었으며 면역표현형은 early pre-B CALLA (+)형이 7명, T 세포형은 5명이었다. 진단 시 예후 중간군이었던 두 명의 환아들에서 골수 재발 하였으며 3명의 환아들이 유방암의 가족력이 있었다. 4명이 사망하여 8년 생존율은 $53.5{\pm}18.7%$였다. 결 론 : p16 단백질의 소실은 소아 급성림프구성백혈병에서 불량한 예후와 연관된 인자로 추정되며 임상에서 진단 시 p16에 대한 유전자 검사뿐만 아니라 단백질에 대해서도 검사가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 좀더 많은 환자들에 대한 분석이 더 정확한 연관성을 밝히는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted with total 960 brown layers, consisted of 8 treatment to investigate the effects of dietary chromium as chromium picolinate on egg production, egg quality, nutrient utilizability, serum traits and mortality in brown layers. Layers were fed diets with two levels of dietary protein (14% and 16%) and supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 800 ppb/kg of chromium as chromium picolinate, respectively. The highest egg production, egg weight and egg mass were found in 800 ppb chromium picolinate supplementation group with high protein level (16%) (p < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference, layers receiving 400 ppb of chromium picolinate with high protein (16%) represented the lowest broken eggs. The utilization of energy, dry matter and crude protein of 400 ppb chromium picolinate group with low protein level (14%) were significantly higher than those of control or other chromium picolinate group (p < 0.05). 400 ppb chromium picolinate with low protein level (14%) showed the lowest serum glucose concentration. But serum glucose concentrations in all treatments showed no significant differences. Present date revealed that the lowest serum cholesterol concentration of layers was found at 400 ppb chromium picolinate group with high protein level (16%) (p < 0.05). Crude protein content in yolk was significantly higher in eggs of layers received 800 ppb chromium picolinate and the lowest in eggs from layers received 400 ppb chromium picolinate among chromium picolinate levels (p < 0.05). Mortality was remarkably decreased by chromium picolinate supplementation and the lowest mortality value was found in layres receiving 800 ppb chromium picolinate with high protein level.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2004

It was reported that the main cause of intraepithelial neoplasm and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is human papilloma virus infection, and that the expression of p16 is increased in cells infected by human papilloma virus. We performed an immunocytochemical staining for protein p16 in 17 cases of cervocovaginal smears initially diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, to know whether the staining could help the differentiation of neoplastic cells from reactive atypical cells. Of 17 smears, 6 were diagnosed finally as high grade intraepithelial neoplasm or invasive squamous cell carcinoma by follow-up biopsy and smear, and 5 of the 6 were positive for p16. Three were diagnosed as koilocytosis, and one of them was weakly positive for p16. Eight were diagnosed as reactive atypical cells, and all of them were negative for p16. We thought that immunocytochemical staining of p16 in cervocovaginal smears could help the differentiation of neoplastic cells from reactive atypical cells.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low protein diets added with protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned piglets and growing-finishing pigs. A total of 96 weaned pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with average body weight (BW) of 6.99 ± 0.21 kg were used in a 20-week experiment. The dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Treatments were as follows: In phase 1 (1-2 weeks), two protein levels as high protein (HP; 19.0%), low protein (LP; 17.0%), and three protease (PT) levels (PT0, 0%; PT1, 0.3%; and PT2, 0.5%); in phase 2 (3-4 weeks), protein levels (HP, 18.05%; LP, 16.15%) and protease levels (0%, 0.3%, and 0.5%); in phase 3 (5-12 weeks), protein levels (HP, 17.1%; LP, 15.3%) and protease level (0%, 0.15%, and 0.3%); in phase 4 (13-20 weeks), protein levels (HP, 16.15%; LP, 14.45%) and protease level (0%, 0.15%, and 0.3%). At 4 weeks and 20 weeks after treatment, BW was higher (p < 0.050) in the PT2 group than PT0 group. From weeks 0 to 4, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G/F) were higher (p = 0.006 and p = 0.014; p = 0.014 and p = 0.044, respectively) in the PT2 group than PT0 and PT1 groups. From weeks 16 to 20, ADG and G/F were higher (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009; p = 0.004 and p = 0.033, respectively) in the PT2 group than PT0 and PT1 groups. Crude protein (CP) digestibility was higher (p = 0.013, p = 0.014, and p = 0.035, respectively) in the low protein (LP) group than high protein (HP) group at weeks 4, 12, and 20. At weeks 4 and 20, the LP diet group had lower (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels than the HP diet group. Therefore, a low CP diet added with protease could increase growth performance and CP digestibility of weaned piglets and growing-finishing pigs.