• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1559-1563
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• 2002

The ovarian follicular fluid was found to contain steroidogenesis stimulatory protein similar to albumin from human and buffalo. Therefore, the albumins from various species, commercial and purified, were studied for their steroidogenic effect on progesterone secretion by granulosa cells from buffalo ovaries, during culture. A dose of $20{\mu}g$ of bovine serum albumin was optimum to exhibit maximum progesterone secretion on day 6 of culture, in medium ($350{\mu}l$) containing $10^5$ cells. Among commercial albumins, chicken albumin showed highest effect on progesterone secretion, which was followed by albumins from goat, bovine, human, sheep and rat, respectively at day 6 of culture. The albumins were also purified from blood serum of buffalo, goat and rat using salt fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. The highest stimulatory effect on progesterone secretion was shown by albumin purified from buffalo blood serum and lowest by that from rat blood. Comparatively the buffalo and goat albumins were more biologically active than commercial albumins. The presence of some active molecules conjugated with freshly purified albumins may be responsible for better stimulatory effect.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.242-250
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• 2013

The autophagy-lysosomal pathway is an important protein degradation system, and its dysfunction has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Raphani Semen, one of the herbs of Yeoldahanso-tang (YH), has neuroprotective effects via the autophagy pathway. The activity-guided method was used to isolate and identify the components of Raphani Semen. In this experiment, the total extract of Raphani Semen was partitioned to n-butanol, methylene chloride, and water fractions. Flow cytometry data showed that only the water fraction showed autophagy-inducing activity in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from this water fraction by preparative HPLC separation. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were identified as stachyose and raffinose, respectively, by the analysis of various spectral data ($^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, and MS) and comparisons with standard stachyose and raffinose. Of these two compounds, raffinose showed autophagy-inducing activity in PC12 cells through the mTOR pathway.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.12
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• pp.1-5
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• 1969

1. The purified soybean hemagglutinin isolated from Korean soybean through the calcium phosphate column chromatography was found to contain mannose (4.9%) and glucosamine (1.1%) added to the protein portion. 2. The fractions I,II,III, the impurities accompanied by hemagglutinin during the final purification were proved to be new plant glycoproteins that were seemingly paper electrophoretically homogeneous and had the same mobility. 3. The carbohydrate and nitrogen contents of I,II,III were 4.5%, 1.13%, 1.1% in mannose, 0.5%, 1.2%, 1.22% in glucosamine and 12.8%, 15.5%, 13.9% in nitrogen respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2015

Recently many effort focused to understand the mechanical insights of melanogenesis to develop the agent for hyper-pigmentation. So this study was performed to investigate the depigmentation of Vitex rotundifolia. With B16F10 mouse melanoma cell, we have seen inhibition of the tyrosinase, MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and melanin synthesis, which eventually were dose dependently decreased by Vitex rotundifolia. Specially, Vitex rotundifolia decreased the protein levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In conclusion, Vitex rotundifolia showed the whitening activity in all the experiments mentioned above and we expect that it can be used for preventing melanin synthesis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

The prescriptions (DB-1-DB-5) were prepared with the active herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonatum odoratum, and Cichorium intybus. The most active crude polysaccharide fraction (DB-2-3), which was isolated through the fractionation of hot-water extract from DB-2, was significantly reduced by periodate oxidation (52.7 and 63.7%) on intestinal immune system modulating and anticancer activity. When DB-2-3 was further fractionated by column chromatographies, DB-2-3IIc-2 showed the most potent activities. In addition, DB-2-3IIc stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells via Peyer's patch in dose-dependent pattern by oral administration. The metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma had significantly inhibited in mice fed DB-2-3IIc at 1 mg/mouse (43.8%). DB-2-3IIc-2 mainly contained uronic acid (46.1%) and 42.5% of neutral sugar with a small amount of protein (7.6%), and component sugar analysis also showed that DB-2-3IIc-2 was composed Ara, Gal, and GalA (molar ratio; 0.50:0.63:1.00). It may be suggested that activities of DB-2-3IIc-2 are resulted from pectic polysaccharides containing a polygalacturonan moiety with side chain of neutral sugars, such as Ara and Gal.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.560-567
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• 2005

Three groups of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) (designated as Fr-I, Fr-II, and Fr-III) were isolated from the culture filtrates of Paecilomyces sinclairii by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. Their molecular characteristics were examined by multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) connected online to a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and refractive index (RI) detector system. The weight-average molar mass of Fr-I, Fr-II, and Fr-III of EPSs were determined to be $1.540{\times}10^6,\;6.302{\times}10^4$, and $9.389{\times}10^4\;g/mol$, respectively. All three EPSs showed a fairly low polydispersity indice, ranging from 1.008 to 1.059 (nearly mono disperse behavior), and showed different carbohydrates and amino acids compositions; all fractions of EPSs consisted of mainly cystine, valine, and arginine in the protein moiety, and mainly ribose, galactose, and glucose in the carbohydrate moiety. The determination of gyration radii of the EPSs in SEC/MALLS analysis revealed the molecular shape of the Fr-I to be a rod-like structure, whereas the Fr-II and Fr-III had a random-coil structure in an aqueous solution.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1979

The present investigation has been made to study the deficiency symptoms of boron on the formation of cell wall and the development of the individual components of the orchid cell wall. Analytical samples were taken from two sources; one from the individual orchid plants started from an apical meristem culture followed by the generation of the protocorm-like body which was developed into a plant, the other from the plant cultivated in water for 30 days. The amount of boron in the cultrues were controlled and the deficiency symptoms were observed under theelectron microscope, optical microscope with samples taken from the zones of elongation of leaves and compared the dry weight of cell walls and finally the various fractions of the cell wall components. The following results were obtained: (1) The growth of roots and leaves was hampered in the boron deficient plants. (2) In the boron-deficient leaves a severe necrosis and cracks were developed in the tissue of zone of elongation besides the decrease in growth. (3) under the electorn microscope the cell walls of boron-deficient plants showed rough undulated structures unlike the smooth control cell walls. (4) the dry weight of total cells and cell walls of boron deficient plants were higher than the control plants. (5) In the boron deficient plant the amout of pectin and hemicellulose isolated from cell walls were higher and the amount of protein was lower than the controlled plots.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1997

Microbial reduction of hexavalent (VI) to trivalent (III) chromium decreases its toxicity by two orders of magnitude. In order to investigate the nature of Cr-reduction, Cr-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa HP014 was isolated and tested for its reduction capability. At the concentration of 0.5 mM Cr(VI), cell growth was not inhibited by the presence of Cr(VI) in a liquid medium, and Cr(VI) reduction was accompanied by ell growth. When cell-free extract was tested, the reduction of Cr(VI) showed a saturation kinetics with the maximum specific activity of 0.33 .mu.mol min$\^$-1/ mg$\^$-1/ cell protein, and an apparent K. of 1.73 mM Cr(VI). The activity required either NADH or NADPH as an electron donor. However, NADPH gave 50% as mush activity as sequently the supernatant and pelleted membrane fractions were tested for Cr(VI) reduction activity. The supernatant of the centrifugation showed almost the same Cr(VI) reduction activity as compared with that of the cell-free extract, indicating that the Cr(VI)-reducing activity of P. aeruginosa HP-14 is due to soluble enzyme. Moreover, the activity appeared to be the highest among the known activities, suggesting that the strain might be useful for remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated sites.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.628-632
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• 2004

The chloroform and the ethyl acetate fractions from the roots of Acanthopanax chiisanensis exhibited a significant inhibition of prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$）production in rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate （TPA）. Hyperin was isolated as an active principle from the ethyl acetate fraction. It sup-pressed not only $PGE_2$ production but also nitric oxide （NO） production in vitro in a concentration dependent manner. their $IC_{50}$, being 24.3 and $32.9{\;}{\mu}M$, respectively. Hyperin also caused a significant inhibition of increase in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice in vivo.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.467-471
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• 1998

Numerous efforts have been made to isolate immunologically active component from Mori Cortex Radicis, since it has been used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, and immune dis order in human. Recently, we reported the purification of an anti-allergic component of the Mori Cortex Radicis. Among the fractions we prepared in the previous study, a fraction was active in the proliferation of murine lymphocytes. The active component (HHM 3-1) was elucidated as a polysaccharade with a small amount of lignin. When it was subjected to MALDI-MS by using 3-hydroxypicolinic acid as a matrix, the molecular weight of the component was estimated as 792688.2dalton. Total hexose and protein content of the component were estimated as 62.6% and 0.51%, respectively and it was composed mainly of glucose, galactose and mannose. The remaining part of the component was estimated as ligin because of the characteristic functional groups in IR and UV spectra. Concomitant treatment of HHM 3-1 with known mitogens synergistically increased the proliferation of B-cells and T-cells.