• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2016

This study was evaluated individual growth and hematological changes of young starry flounder, using hyperpigmentation marks on the blind side of body after feeding extruded pellet (EP) and moisture pellet (MP) for 45 days. As a result, the fish grew up to $220.1{\pm}47.8g$ in the EP treatment and $224.7{\pm}42.4g$ in the MP treatment, so the weight gain was significantly higher in the MP treatment ($74.6{\pm}17.3%$) than in the EP treatment ($63.7{\pm}16.9%$) (P<0.05). Osmolalities of flounder after 45 days culture were similar between the treatments (P>0.05), showing values of $359.8{\pm}4.2mOsm\;kg^{-1}$ in the EP treatment and $358.5{\pm}6.2mOsm\;kg^{-1}$ in the MP treatment. Similarly, other blood chemistry indicators such as sodium, chloride, total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, ammonia, triglyceride, cortisol, GOT, GPT and hematocrit showed no differences between the treatments. However, the free fatty acid concentration was significantly higher in the MP treatment than in the EP treatment (P<0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.389-398
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the feed value of total mixed rations (TMR) containing different winter forage crop silages on feed intakes, daily gain, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention in Korean black goats. A total of 12 male goats were used in this study and each goat was housed in individual metabolism crates. The treatments were four diets, consisting of whole crop barley silage (T1), rape silage (T2), rye silage (T3), and Italian ryegrass silage (T4). The experiment was designed as a $4{\times}4$ Latin square arrangement in three replicates. Daily intakes for dietary dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) per head were highest in rape silage treatment, and lowest in whole barley silage (p<0.05). Digestible intakes for CP and acid detergent fiber were highest in rape silage treatment. The daily gain of rape, rye, and Italian ryegrass silages were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of whole crop barley silage. Digestibility of DM. CP, fiber were highest in whole crop barley silage, and lowest in rape silage (p<0.05). Nitrogen (N) intake and N retention were significantly highest in rape silage and lowest in whole crop barley silage (p<0.05). The results showed that, among different winter forage crop silages, rape silage incorporation into TMR had the best performances indicating increases of feed intakes and N retention in Korean black goats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.805-812
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine effects of feeding dry TMR(DTMR), wet TMR(WTMR) and fermented TMR(FTMR) on rumen fermentation, enzyme activity and digestibility in the total tract of sheep. Three rumen cannulated sheep were used in a 3${\times}$3 latin square design. The present results showed that pH, NH3-N, total and individual VFA, A/P ratio and enzymes (CMCase, Xylanase and Protease) activity in the rumen were higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. In addition, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, NDF and ADF digestibility in the total tract were also higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. Therefore, the present results showed that WTMR and FTMR are better than DTMR for rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2008

A total of 40 pigs were used to investigate the feeding effects of supplementary wild grape wine by-product on pork quality of American Berkshire breed in the swine farm of Hamyang area. Treatments were C that was basal diet, and T that was treated by dietary wild grape wine by-product(5%) were added in feed. About 70 kg pigs were bred a period of 88 days, and slaughtered. The pork quality characteristic were measured in pork loin. In chemical composition, moisture and crude fat were not significantly different between C and T, but T were lower(p<0.05) than C. There were no difference in crude protein and crude ash(p<0.05). pH and water holding capacity(WHC) were not significantly different between C and T, whereas the cholesterol and fat shear force of T were lower(p<0.05) than C. There were no different in the meat color, but the Hunter’s L* and W value of T were higher(p<0.05) than C. Oleic acid(C18:1), linoleic acid(C18:2, n-6), arachidonic acid(C20:4, n-6), Essential fatty acid(EFA), and EFA/unsaturated fatty acid were significantly(p<0.05) different between C and T, in the fatty acid compositions of loins. Also, the total amino acid composition of pork were not significantly different between C and T, but essential fatty acid of T was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of C. This observation suggests that wild grape wine by-product supplements may have some beneficial effects on improving backfat color, shear force, cholesterol and essential fatty acid content of pork loin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.640-650
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• 2020

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an atypical member of the FGF protein family which is highly synthesized in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. Depending on the expression tissue, FGF21 uses endo- or paracrine features to regulate several metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Different physiologically stressful conditions such as starvation, a ketogenic diet, extreme cold, and mitochondrial dysfunction are known to induce FGF21 synthesis in various tissues to exert either adaptive or defensive mechanisms. More specifically, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha control FGF21 expression in adipose tissue and liver, respectively. In addition, the pharmacologic administration of FGF21 has been reported to decrease the body weight and improve the insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein profiles of obese mice and type 2 diabetes patients meaning that FGF21 has attracted huge interest as a therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, understanding FGF21 remains complicated due to the paradoxical condition of its tissue-dependent expression. For example, nutrient deprivation largely increases hepatic FGF21 levels whereas adipose tissue-derived FGF21 is increased under feeding condition. This review discusses the issues of interest that have arisen from existing publications, including the tissue-specific function of FGF21 and its action mechanism. We also summarize the current stage of a clinical trial using several FGF21 analogs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 1975

This work was carried out to determine that ginseng cake (meal) could be substituted for 10% level of chicken feed. The feeding experiment was held with 180 laying hens for 8 weeks. And the results were as tin the followings, 1. Protein content of the ginseng cake was lower (4.25%) than that of the control feed (18.72%: commertial chicken feed), and crude fiber of the ginseng cake was higher (14.73%) than that of the control (9.39%). 2. Slight increasings of body weight were observed in the group of the control feed (10 g) and the group of the feed containing 10% of the ginseng meal (24 g), significant increasing (50 g) was seen in the group of the feed containing 5% of the ginseng meal (p<0.05). 3. The feed efficiency of the ginseng group was slightly higher than that of the control group, but significant defferences were not recognized. 4. Egg laying ratio of the 5% ginseng group was somewhat higher than that of the other groups, and egg weight of each group was almost same. With all the results of this experiments, it was identified that ginseng cake is able to be substituted for the feed of laying hen within 10% level.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2020

The present study determined the effect of dietary cultivated microalgae (Parachlorella sp.) on the growth and immune responses of pre-starter broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old birds (Ross 308) were allocated to 4 treatments with 8 blocks in a randomized complete block design. The four experimental diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based control diet, and three diets contained 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% microalgae powder at the expense of cornstarch in the control diet. After feeding the experimental diets for 7 days, the body weight and feed intake of all birds were measured, and 8 birds were randomly selected from each treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were harvested for immune profile assessment, including cytokines and cell migration receptors. No differences in growth performance were observed among the treatments. The birds that were fed diets containing graded levels of microalga showed a linear increase in the mRNA expression of cytokine genes in PBMCs, including that of IL2, IL1β, and IL18 (P<0.05). With respect to the chemokine receptor genes in PBMCs, mRNA expression of CCR2, CCR9, and ITGA4 changed quadratically (P<0.05), but that of CCR7 increased linearly (P<0.01). Cytokine protein secretion in blood, including that of IL-1β and IL-6, increased linearly (P<0.01) with an increase in the microalgal content. Overall, the present results show that the indigenous microalgae powder used in this study could stimulate immunity with no detrimental effects on the growth performance of pre-starter broiler chickens.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1679-1683
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Cheonggukjang (traditional soybean food, CK) and Cheonggukjang added with Phellinus linteus myceria (CKP) on the lipid metabolism, growth, food intake, and food efficiency ratio(FER) in adult female rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (control diet: 0.1% cholesterol, 10% Lard) for 4 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group: control, and two kinds of CK and CKP (powders of CK and CKP as dietary protein sources). After 4 weeks of experimental diet consumption, the body weights and the uterine fat pad weights of the CK and CKP diet groups were more significantly decreased than those of the control diet group. The hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid levels were significantly lower in both the CK and CKP diet fed groups than those in the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in the CK and CKP diet groups compared to those in the control group. Fecal total lipid, moisture and wet weight excretion in the CK and CKP diet groups were more increased than those in the control group. These results showed that feeding of cheonggukjang and cheonggukjang added with Phellinus linteus myceria both the triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in serum, as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in the livers of the rats.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

This study was carry out to investigate the quality characteristics of Korean native black ground pork compared with modern genotype ground pork during refrigerated storage. Korean native black pig and modern genotype pig were slaughtered at 75 kg and 105 kg of live weight, and for 240 days and 210 days of feeding periods, respectively. The ground lean pork (M. semimembranosus) was stored for 9 days at 4℃. The crude fat and crude protein contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Korean native black pork. The pH value after 5 days of storage was significantly (p<0.05) lower in Korean native black pork than in modern genotype pork. WHC of Korean native black pork was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of modern genotype pork over time. The Korean native black pork maintained black reddish color because it had lower CIE L/sup */ value and higher CIE a/sup */ value than the modern genotype pork. CIE L/sup */, b/sup */, C/sup */ and h/sup O/ values decreased as storage time increased. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), POV (peroxide value) and FOX (ferrous oxidation xylenol orange) tended to increase as storage time increased in all of the groups, in particular, those values increased more rapidly in Korean native black pork. Total saturated fatty acid and stearic acid contents had significantly higher in Korean native black pork (p<0.05).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2003

The results were obtained from pigs which had been fed finishing pig diets containing 5% beef tallow(C) as control and 2% perilla seed oil(Tl), 3% beef tallow and 2% squid viscera oil(T2), 3% beef tallow and 2% CLA(conjugated linoleic acid, T3). All porks were stored at 1$^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. pH value of control group was higher than other treatments. Water holding capacity(WHC) did not show any significant difference among treatments, however, WHC of C and T3 was increased as storage days increased. Protein solubility of T3 was higher than the other treatments, but that of all groups increased up to 14 days of storage and then decreased. The a* value of C was higher than the others, but b* value was low on 28 days of storage. Volatile base nitrogen(VBN) value of T3 showed the highest level, but that of Tl was the lowest. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) of T2 and T3 were' higher than those of C and Tl. In sensory analysis, meat color and overall acceptability of C were higher than those of the other treatments in raw meat, and meat appearance was higher than level in Tl.