• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.513-525
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• 2020

Clonorchis sinensis is a food-borne trematode that infects more than 15 million people. The liver fluke causes clonorchiasis and chronical cholangitis, and promotes cholangiocarcinoma. The underlying molecular pathogenesis occurring in the bile duct by the infection is little known. In this study, transcriptome profile in the bile ducts infected with C. sinensis were analyzed using microarray methods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 1,563 and 1,457 at 2 and 4 weeks after infection. Majority of the DEGs were temporally dysregulated at 2 weeks, but 519 DEGs showed monotonically changing expression patterns that formed seven distinct expression profiles. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the DEG products revealed 5 sub-networks and 10 key hub proteins while weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)-derived gene-gene interaction exhibited 16 co-expression modules and 13 key hub genes. The DEGs were significantly enriched in 16 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, which were related to original systems, cellular process, environmental information processing, and human diseases. This study uncovered a global picture of gene expression profiles in the bile ducts infected with C. sinensis, and provided a set of potent predictive biomarkers for early diagnosis of clonorchiasis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.523-530
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• 2019

This study was performed to develop Sulgidduk prepared with different levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of defatted mealworm powder and to evaluate the characteristics of this Sulgidduk. We performed an assessment of color values, mechanical properties, general compositions and branched amino acids of Sulgidduk prepared with different levels of defatted mealworm powder. For the color values, the lightness(L) was decreased with increased amount of defatted mealworm powder, while the redness(a) and yellowness(b) were relatively increased. For the mechanical properties, the hardness and gumminess were significantly increased according to the increased amounts of defatted mealworm powder, but the chewiness, springiness and cohesiveness showed significant differences. For the sensory evaluation, the overall quality of Sulgidduk prepared with 6% defatted mealworm powder (MS-6) was higher as compared with that of the other Sulgidduk samples. For the general composition, the moisture and crude ash contents of MS-6 did not shown differences, while the crude protein was higher than those of the control, and the carbohydrate content of the control was higher than that of the MS-6. The contents of branched amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine) of MS-6 were higher than those of the control. Therefore, it was concluded that MS-6 could be a protein rich food as a good source of branched amino acids such valine, leucine and isoleucine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.282-291
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• 2024

Purpose: Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are at a high risk of developing severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examined the dietary intakes and compared the risks of NAFLD-related complications in Korean patients with T2DM and obesity. Methods: Data from the Korean National Diabetes Program cohort were used to study patients with T2DM. Two hundred and sixty-five obese patients with T2DM (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²) were classified into NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. The nutrient intake was analyzed using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical data were also obtained. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the significant differences between the 2 groups. Results: The serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in obese patients with T2DM and NAFLD were significantly higher than in obese T2DM patients without NAFLD (p < 0.05). The serum glucose and lipid profiles showed no significant differences between the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. The carbohydrate, protein, and fat levels also did not differ significantly. The results showed that the fiber intake of the NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups was 14.11 ± 3.86 g/100 kcal and 15.70 ± 4.56 g/1,000 kcal, respectively, showing that the dietary fiber intake of the non-NAFLD group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). A correlation was observed between total fiber intake and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in either patient group. In addition, the odds ratio of developing NAFLD was 0.29× lower when the fiber was consumed at 125% of adequate intake. Conclusions: A higher dietary fiber intake may reduce the risk of NAFLD in obese patients with T2DM. The dietary intake of Korean obese patients with T2DM should include and be enriched in dietary fiber to aid in preventing and treating NAFLD.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2000

Glycomacropeptide(GMP) was purified from cheese whey which is obtaining as a byproduct in cheese producing. Cheese whey was first concentrated 10 times with a ultrafiltration aparratus, and then heated at 95$^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. The concentrated fraction was centrifuged at 20,000$\times$g for 30 min to remove fat layer. The supernatant layer enriched GMP protein was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column. GMP was bound to DEAE resin and eluted with 0.1~0.25 M NaCl when using a linear NaCl gradient from 0 M to 0.5 M. The purified GMP gave a single band of 24 kDa which seems to be trimer molecular weight in SDS-PAGE, and migrated to the same molecular weight with control GMP obtained commercially. Its amino acid composition were consistent with that of standard GMP. About 0.71 g of GMP was recovered from 1 L of cheese whey. These results indicate that glycomacropeptide could be simply purified from cheese whey by using ultrafiltration and DEAE column chromatography.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2016

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis, Hayward) was stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 0~30 days and investigated to find out the optimum storage time to obtain the best physical and functional properties for consumers' preference. Kiwifruits was stored at different time period (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days) for investigating their physiochemical quality, nutritional components, and functional characteristics. Kiwifruits stored for 20~30 days showed the best physiochemical quality such as higher total acidity and proper firmness. They were also more enriched with dietary fibers, free sugar, and organic acid, although no significant changes were observed in crude protein, crude fat, and moisture content. For functional properties, kiwifruits stored for 20 days showed significantly higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, and actinidin. In addition, it showed stronger antioxidant activity, whitening effect, and proteolytic activity when compared with other samples. SDS-PAGE analysis showed the presence of actinidin enzyme in kiwifruits. These results indicated that the kiwifruits stored for 15~20 days possessed excellent quality and high concentrations of nutritional and functional compounds, which could be best for both fresh consumption and product processing.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.13-35
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• 2005

The trend towards ageing populations has been observed over many years in Europe and the US but has accelerated significantly in developed countries in Asia including Japan and South Korea. In the latter country the elderly population (65+) has increased 5-fold between 1960 and 2000 and this group will comprise 40% of the population by 2050. This creates a new socio-economic group with specific demands and considerable spending power. As ageing occurs a range of changes occur in the body that can be moderated by adjustments in nutrition. A significant body of evidence points to changes in the balance of glutathione synthesis and utilisation as people age. Glutathione is the most important natural anti-oxidant of the body and the amounts present can become limited by available cysteine in the diet. A cysteine-enriched peptide product, Cysteine Peption$^{TM}$ has been developed by DMV International for dietary supplement and food applications. A qualitative consumer trial has indicated benefits including improved sleep and more energy. Animal and clinical trials will be described that provide indications on bioavailability and possible mechanisms of action of Cysteine Peption$^{TM}$ with particular focus on the ageing population.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

The samples of cultured flounder (Paralichtys olivaceus) were collected from Tongyeong and Yosu in Korea and Nagasaki in Japan and processed to analyses of body and serum. Body size and weight were not significantly different between Korea and Japan produced. But the body weight of average size of flounder produced from Nagasaki was the highest from the samples. The average of fish body was not significantly different from the samples. The water content of fish body was lower in samples from Nagasaki and fat content was higher in the samples from Nagasaki and followed by Yosu and Tongyeong. The percentage of body water, fat and protein contents was Nagasaki, Yosu and Tongyeong in the order of high values. Japanese flounder showed relatively high content of body fat and muscle. The cholesterol of serum was highest in the samples of Yosu. The triglyceride of serum was highest in the samples of Nagasaki. Lipoprotein was highest in the samples of Nagasaki and enriched fat content in LDL fraction.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.370-377
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• 2001

Flounder brain cytosol contains protein inhibitors that markedly inhibit the activity of partially purified brain membrane phospholipase D (PLD) which is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ($PIP_2$) but insensitive to ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), The PLD inhibitors have been enriched through several chromatographic steps and characterized with respect to size and mechanism of inhibition. Sequential chromatography of the brain cytosol yielded six inhibitor fractions, Two (IIA and IIB) of six inhibitor fractions showed the $PIP_2$-phosphatase activities. IIA was identified as synaptojanin, a nerve terminal protein that has known to be a member of the inositolpolyphosphate 5-phosphatase family, by immunoblot analysis. IIB showed an apparent molecular mass of 158 kDa by Superose 12 gel filtration chromatography and was immunologically distinct from synaptojanin. IIB hydrolyzed $PIP_2$, yielding only phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) as product, suggesting that IIB hydrolyzes only one phosphate from either the 4- or 5-position of PI (4,5)$P_2$. These studies demonstrate that the existence of multiple $PIP_2$-phosphatases have been implicated in the negative regulation of $PIP_2$-dependent PLD activity within flounder brain.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1516-1524
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• 2013

To find a novel skin whitening agent, the effect of cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris (CM${\alpha}$) extract fermented by fungi on anti-melanogenesis in B16F0 mouse melanoma cells was investigated. Fermented CM${\alpha}$ was prepared with fungi, including Monascus purpureus (Mp), Aspergillus oryzae (Ao), Aspergillus kawachii (Ak), and Rhizopus oryzae (Ro), respectively. When the content of the phenolics and the flavonoids and the activities of the antioxidant and the mushroom tyrosinase inhibition were measured in the CM fermented by Ak (AkF-CM), the highest content of the phenolics was 46 mg/g dry weight and the highest content of the flavonoids was 0.93 mg/g; the highest activity of the DPPH radical scavenging was 62.74% and the highest activity of the mushroom tyrosinase inhibition was 79.97% CM${\alpha}$CM${\alpha}$. From this result, AkF-CM${\alpha}$ exhibited the highest mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity and so it was used in subsequent anti-melanogenesis. B16F0 melanoma cells were treated with 1-10 mg/ml concentrations of AkF-CM${\alpha}$ and 200 ${\mu}M$ arbutin as the positive control. The melanin content and cell viability of the melanoma cells by arbutin treatment decreased to 43% and 92% of the control, respectively. AkF-CM${\alpha}$ treatment at 1, 3, and 5 mg/ml concentrations decreased the extracellular melanin release induced by IBMX treatment by 35%, 45%, and 53%, respectively. AkF-CM${\alpha}$ showed inhibitory activity against both intracellular tyrosinase in melanoma cells and mushroom tyrosinase. AkF-CM${\alpha}$ reduced the protein level of tyrosinase in the IBMX-stimulated cells. These results indicate that AkF-CM${\alpha}$ suppressed the activity and protein content of cellular tyrosinase and decreased the total melanin content in cultured B16F0 melanoma cells.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fermented Laminaria japonica (FL), a type sea tangle used as a functional food ingredient, has been reported to possess cognitive improving properties that may aid in the treatment of common neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia. MATERIALS/METHODS: We examined the effects of FL on scopolamine (Sco)- and ethanol (EtOH)-induced hippocampus-dependent memory impairment, using the Passive avoidance (PA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. To examine the underlying mechanisms associated with neuroprotective effects, we analyzed acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, brain tissue expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and immunohistochemical analysis, in the hippocampus of mice, compared to current drug therapy intervention. Biochemical blood analysis was carried out to determine the effects of FL on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. 7 groups (n = 10) consisted of a control (CON), 3 Sco-induced dementia and 3 EtOH-induced dementia groups, with both dementia group types containing an untreated group (Sco and EtOH); a positive control, orally administered donepezil (Dpz) (4mg/kg) (Sco + Dpz and EtOH + Dpz); and an FL (50 mg/kg) treatment group (Sco + FL50 and EtOH + FL50), orally administered over the 4-week experimental period. RESULTS: FL50 significantly reduced EtOH-induced increase in AST and ALT levels. FL50 treatment reduced EtOH-impaired step-through latency time in the PA test, and Sco- and EtOH-induced dementia escape latency times in the MWM test. Moreover, anticholinergic effects of Sco and EtOH on the brain were reversed by FL50, through the attenuation of AChE activity and elevation of ACh concentration. FL50 elevated ERK1/2 protein expression and increased p-CREB (ser133) in hippocampus brain tissue, according to Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results suggest that FL may be considered an efficacious intervention for Sco- and EtOH-induced dementia, in terms of reversing cognitive impairment and neuroplastic dysfunction.