• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.133-152
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• 2015

Cause of the technology leakage and trade secrets can be leaked to the lack of infrastructure, lack of coping skills of SMEs. In addition, small businesses can avoid technology outflow and re-experience the same half of the damage, even when the external leak developed after the fact and does not demonstrate such technology leakage time for the technology and situation which did not take any action, security, infrastructure investments difficult, work-related knowledge, lack of security, trade secret protection dedicated staff, inadequate legal and institutional measures have been identified as such complaints to date. For subcontracting, etc. mid-sized transactions, hinder the growth of SMEs, SME cross-technology leakage to the increase in unfair practices, including useful, and this has been accompanied by growth-based business-to-business it weakened.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2022

Background: The present study investigated the radiation dose distribution of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) among surgeons and medical staff, and this is the first research to observe such exposure in Japan. Materials and Methods: The study subjects were an orthopedic surgeon (n = 1) and surgical staff (n = 9) who intervened in BKP surgery performed at the National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center (Tokyo, Japan) between March 2019 and October 2019. Only disposable protective gloves (0.022 mmPb equivalent thickness or less) and trunk protectors were used, and no protective glasses or thyroid drapes were used. Results and Discussion: The surgery time per vertebral body was 36.2 minutes, and the fluoroscopic time was 6.8 minutes. The average exposure dose per vertebral body was 1.46 mSv for the finger (70 ㎛ dose equivalent), 0.24 mSv for the lens of the eye (3 mm dose equivalent), 0.11 mSv for the neck (10 mm dose equivalent), and 0.03 mSv for the chest (10 mm dose equivalent) under the protective suit.The estimated cumulative radiation exposure dose of 23 cases of BKP was calculated to be 50.37 mSv for the fingers, 8.27 mSv for the lens, 3.91 mSv for the neck, and 1.15 mSv for the chest. Conclusion: It is important to know the exposure dose of orthopedic surgeons, implement measures for exposure reduction, and verify the safety of daily use of radiation during surgery and examination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.22-29
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• 2012

Robot related injuries in industrial accidents statistics during 2008~2010 have accounted for a total of 109 cases equivalent to 30~40 cases for each of those years. The number of injured compared to the dissemination of industrial robots(51,302 units/2004) can be regarded as quite low. However, the fatal injuries sustained by 7 (6.4%) out of 109 cases paints the stark reality of robot-related accident fatalities. It is a sad probability that as the automation process expands its use of industrial robots which have increased significantly in demand, the incidence of workplace accidents will also increase. Therefore, the incidence of accidents throughout the period of 2008~2010 has been analysed to prevent the injuries due to the increased use of industrial robots. In the analysis, the injuries occurred during the industrial robot operation accounted for 45.9% of the entire accidents. Thus, we examined the present status of the industrial robot operation to analyze the root cause of accidents occurred in our studied time period. We looked at a total of 469 workplaces. 456 workplaces responded in the year 2009 and survey studies were implemented at 13 of the 29 workplaces where work injuries were sustained in the year 2010. Even where protective measures and interlock devices were in place, our studies indicated that workers could access the robot area to perform the tasks in 188 sites(40.1%). Also, the 143 sites(30.5%) had control measures and equipment located in the safety fence. In addition, the robots found at 164 sites(35.0%) could be restarted without additional restarting operation. These three causes accounted for most of the workplace injuries during the industrial robot operations. Futhermore, we confirmed the fact that the protective measures of the current safety regulations were not strictly enforced. Based upon our studies and the investigation of the present status of the industrial robot operation, higher standards in training and supervision of workers in the robot operation must quickly be met in order to prevent these industrial injuries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.271-281
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• 2019

This study investigated the shielding efficiency of various types of shielding materials and measured the dose by organ using the phantom. Results of Shielding Efficiency Measurement Using Personal Radiation Meter. Among the various shielding materials, 1.1 mm RNS-TX composed of nano tungsten showed the highest shielding efficiency and 0.2 mm lead shielding showed the lowest shielding efficiency. 99mTc 30 mCi was exposed to the phantom for 120 minutes and the result of the measurement of the organs. 20.53 mSv without radiation protective clothing, 8.75 mSv when wearing 0.25 mm Pb protective clothing, 6.03 mSv when wearing 0.5 mm Pb protective clothing. 131I 2 mCi mCi was exposed to the phantom for 120 minutes and the result of the measurement of the organs. 7.71 mSv without radiation protective clothing, 4.88 mSv when wearing 0.25 mm Pb protective clothing, 2.79 mSv when wearing 0.5 mm Pb protective clothing. 18F 5 mCi was exposed to the phantom for 120 minutes and the result of the measurement of the organs. 16.39 mSv without radiation protective clothing, 15.84 mSv when wearing 0.25 mm Pb protective clothing, 12.52 mSv when wearing 0.5 mm Pb protective clothing. None of the radiation workers working in the nuclear medicine department exceeded the dose limit. However, when compared with other workers in the hospital, they showed a relatively high dose. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare measures to reduce and manage the dose of radiation workers in the nuclear medicine department through the wearing of radiation protective clothing made of lightweight, shielding material with good shielding efficiency, circulation task, task sharing, and substitution equipment such as auto dispenser.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.122-133
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based education program on control vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections and to identify the effects of the program on knowledge and performance of nursing students. Methods: The web-based VRE infection control education program was developed by using the network-based instructional systems design model. The nursing students in the experimental group could access this web-based education program at any time, and as many times as they wanted, during the clinical training period. Effects were evaluated by assessing knowledge and performance of VRE infection control measures during the clinical training period. Results: The contents of the education program included diagnosis, transmission, and treatment of VRE, contact precautions, hand washing, personal protective equipment, environment management, and quizzes. The lecture portion was filmed in a virtual screen studio using flash animation, video, and sound effects, and it was uploaded on an internet site. The knowledge and performance scores of the experimental group after using the education program were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the web-based VRE infection control education program is an effective educational method to enhance knowledge and performance of VRE infection control measures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.195-197
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• 2007

This paper presents experimental results on the safety of persons due to a ground fault in 22.9 kV-Y distribution system In order to evaluate the touch voltages due to internal ground faults in a step down transformer based on the newly prescribed KS C IEC 60364 standard series, the verification tests in a 22.9 kV multi-grounded neutral system were carried out From the experimental results, it was found that there will be significant potential rise jeopardizing LV equipment insulation in case of separate grounding between HV and LV system and the effective measures against hazardous touch voltages due to a IN side ground fault in the common grounding system between HV and LV system are proposed. As a consequence, it was found that the equipotential bonding is an important prerequisite for the effectiveness of the protective measures for the safety of persons in the common ground system between 22.9 kV-Y and low-voltage grounding system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.53-58
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• 2008

This paper presents the findings obtained from the investigation of fatal disasters occurred by small-sized construction firms which have been accepted as to provide lower safety performance other than large-sized construction enterprises and cause more than half of the safety accidents in average. The study identifies the current status of safety performance provided by the small-sized construction contractors in details, find the issues involved with lack of safety performance, and suggest the improvement measures derived from the findings. A survey questionnaire was administered to the construction contractors, which are listed in the database of Construction Association of Korea as to fall into rank between 501st and 1000th in construction capacity. Safety issues such as the performance of safety management system, safety control structure, safety cost relative to safety control, education devoted to safety improvement, usage of safety garments or individual protective tools, and activities to maintain safety performance on site, etc were investigated from the study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2012

In this study, appropriate preventive measures are suggested as follows by analyzing industrial accident cases occurred for five years of company J and workers' survey. First, personnel management including meticulous shift work and rotation task for older workers should be made strictly in terms of safety and health management. Second, Industrial disasters occurred more in spring than in other seasons, so safety management will have to be enhanced in spring. That is, to reduce industrial disaster various occupational safety and health activities to prevent spring fatigue are needed. Third, to improve safety consciousness of workers, penalties for those who have not received safety training and for people without protective equipment are required. Also, hazard prediction training such as Tool Box Meeting shall be proceeded. Fourth, building of proactive safety culture that the workers themselves handle risk factors is urgent. Fifth, the company-wide safety and health programs including safety awards and cases presentation are needed to be planned.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.212-217
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• 2000

This first ISO/CD 7475 is a proposed revision of ISO 7475-1984, which specifies requirements for enclosures and other safety measures used to minimize mechanical hazards produced by the rotor in the measuring station of centrifugal (rotational) balancing machines. The hazards are associated with the operation of balancing machines under a variety of rotor and balancing conditions. This standard defines different classes of protection that enclosures and other protective features have to provide and describes the limits of applicability for each class of protection. At the meeting held at AFNOR in Paris in June 1999, ISO/TC 108/SC1/WG 12 agreed to prepare a first ISO Committee Draft (CD) and circulate to the member bodies for vote and comment by 3 March 2000 since publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. The results of the ballot on this first ISO/CD 7475 was positive so that it will be prepared as an ISO/DIS (ISO/DIS 7475) and discussed in a meeting of ISO/TC 108/SC1 at BSI, London, u.K. in March 2000. Contents of this ISO/CD 7475 with some member comments accounted is briefly described in what follows.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2017

This study analyzed the regulatory actions of disposal gas lighters as well as the situations, causes, and preventive measures of fires, and accidents caused by disposal gas lighters. Since child-resistant lighters became mandatory, the percentage of fires caused by playing with fire has decreased in Korea as it did in America and Japan. Fires caused by disposal gas lighters can occur by afterburning, unintentional lighting, large flames, or explosion or bursting as well as by arson and playing with fire. This study suggests the preventive measures of fires caused by disposal gas lighters as follows: Taking a step not to be used as child's tool for playing with fire, the warning of fire cases caused by afterburning, warning of the dangers of leaving disposal gas lighters on the car dashboard or high temperature places, improving the protective synthetic resin cover of the stop part of a vehicle seat rail, and providing information on precautions for keeping in drawers or disposition methods.