• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2005

In this study, weight carrying pattern analysis and comparison method of four foot region were suggested. We used three types of club(driver, iron7, pitching wedge). This analysis method can compare between top class golfer and beginner. And the comparison data can be used to correct the swing pose of trainee. If motion analysis system, which can measure the swing speed and instantaneous acceleration at the point of hitting a ball, is combined with this plantar foot force analysis method, new design development of golf shoes to increase comfort and ball flight distance will be available. 1. Regional change of force acting, in address, is evenly distributed on both feet. In back swing top, 76% on right foot, 75% on left foot as impact, and 86% on left foot as finish. As regional force acting, in address, pros get high marks on rare and inside of right foot and rare and outside for amateurs. In back swing top, it is higher as fore and inside of left foot, pros as rare part of right foot and amateurs as forefoot. In impact, it is higher for pros and amateurs in outside and rare part of left foot and fore and inside of right foot. In finish, for both pros and amateurs, it is higher for outside and rare parts of left foot. 2. For each club, forces are evenly distributed on both feet in address. In back swing top, the shorter a club is, the higher impact on right foot and the higher finish distribution on left foot. For all the clubs used, in each region, pros get higher on rare and inside of right foot and as amateurs on rare and outside of left foot in address. In back swing top, for all clubs, pros get higher on rare and outside of right foot as fore and outside for amateurs. In impact acting, for all clubs, rare and outside of left foot get higher. In finish, force concentrates on rarefoot. 3. On both feet force, right foot forces of amateurs is higher than those of pros in back swing top. In impact and finish, pros get higher on left foot.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2007

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an indispensable tool for diagnosis of epilepsy and is the only assisting barometer of complete remission of epilepsy, which means prolonged, persistent suppression of cortical excitement in epileptic focus in addition to the clinical control of epileptic seizure. The specific morphologies or distribution of epileptic form discharges give us good information for the classification of seizure or epilepsy and epileptic syndromes, which consists of "Pros." in terms of diagnostic approach. In contrast, the EEG as a tool for long-term follow up might be limited due to the various clinical situation of each patient, which consists of "Cons." in terms of the usefulness of EEG for clinical decision. "Cons." aspect of EEG, which clinicians are more frequently coped with than those of "Pros", is an obstacle of utilization of follow up EEG in clinical practice. This is an overview about controversies in usefulness of EEG and the detailed aspects of "Pros." and "Cons." of EEG for clinical decision will be discussed following two articles. We tried to make consensus for the usefulness of EEG especially in the situation of "Cons." with plausible guideline.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.291-312
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• 2010

The last decades a large amount of research has been done in the genomics domain which has and is generating terabytes, if not exabytes, of information stored globally in a very fragmented way. Different databases use different ways of storing the same data, resulting in undesired redundancy and restrained information transfer. Adding to this, keeping the existing databases consistent and data integrity maintained is mainly left to human intervention which in turn is very costly, both in time and money as well as error prone. Identifying a fixed conceptual dictionary in the form of a conceptual model thus seems crucial. This paper presents an effort to integrate the mutational data from the established genomic data source HGMD into a conceptual model driven database HGDB, thereby providing useful lessons to improve the already existing conceptual model of the human genome.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.120-133
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• 2021

This paper proposes an interpretation of Charles Ess's pros hen pluralism, especially concerning what constitutes the single end point (hen) toward which the pluralistic viewpoints converge (pros). The single end point, I argue, is constituted by an empirical social reality that obtains in the world at a particular period. In other words, it is the fact that we happen to agree largely and broadly on several ethical issues that serves as the end point in Ess's theory. The reason is that humans happen largely to share the same goals and values qua human beings, such as the desire for communication and cooperation with one another. It is not their rationality, or any other permanent and ideal characteristic, that serves as the source of normativity for human beings, but rather the contingent facts that obtain at a particular place and time, facts that humans happen to agree on. This raises an obvious objection of what to do with those who might cherish a very different set of values. The answer is that the globalized nature of the world today, especially deepened by information technology, makes it increasingly difficult for any groups to remain isolated. This does not imply, however, that disagreements are not possible. On the contrary, disagreements are a part of the whole process from the beginning. At the theoretical level, there is always a need for those who disagree on the theoretical issues rationally to persuade one another. This is also part of the empirical reality referred to earlier.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.1483-1492
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• 1996

In this paper, related on the postal business with the GIS(Geographics Information System), it discusses design and implementation of the PROS(Postal Route Optimization System) model and its main module, the shortest path generation algorithm, for supporting to postal route managements. It explains examples requirements of postal route system, and suggests the efficient PROS model using our developed shortest path generation algorithm. Because the shortest path algorithm adopts not only consider the Dijkstra algorithm of graph theory, but also the method with the direction property, PROS can be implemented with fast and efficient route search. PROS is mainly constituted of the Shortest Generator, the Isochronal Area Generator, and the Path Rearrangement Generator. It also exploits the GIS engine and the spatial DBMS (Data Base Management System) for processing coordinates in the map and geographical features. PROS can be used in the management of postal delivery business and delivery area and route, and in the rearrangement of route. In the near future, it can be also applied to commercial delivery businesses, guides of routs and traffic informations, and auto navigation system with GPS(Global Positioning System).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2011

This study analyzed consumer attitude, habit strength, subjective norm, a pros evaluation, and intention to consume to estimate perceptible variables that affect apple consumption. Data were collected from 207 men and women through a selfadministrated questionnaire. A partial least squares regression was conducted as one of structural equation models to estimate and test hypotheses. The results showed that attitude, habit strength, and the pros evaluation affected the intention to consume apples, and that the intention increased apple consumption. The results also showed that some marketing strategies are needed to promote apple consumption and to make consumers change their intention, to develop habits for eating apples by changing their diets, and to impress upon them that apples are good for health. This can be interpreted as meaning that it is most important to understand consumer behavior, particularly consumer psychology, which is reflected in the recent trend of marketing that concentrates on meeting the consumer's needs rather than the producer's.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1265-1278
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• 2000

This study was carried out to assess the perception of decisional balance of Korean subjects about 4 health behaviors and to identify the influencing factor of decisional balance for exercise acquisition, smoking cessation, mammography screening and Kegel's exercise acquisition. All are representative health behaviors nurses can intervene in Korea based on the Transtheoretical model. Convenient samples of 2,484 subjects (191; exercise, 169; smoking cessation, 1903; mammography screening and 221; Kegel's exercise) were selected from cities and counties over 9 provinces throughout Korea, and the data was collected from January 1, 1999 to February 29, 2000. The research instrument were the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise (Marcus & Owen., 1992), Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel Exercise (Lim, 1999) and Stage of Change Measure for Exercise (Marcus et al, 1992), Smoking Cessation (DiClemente et al., 1991), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel's Exercise (Lim, 1999). The data was analyzed by the SAS Program. The results are as follows; 1. According to the stage of change measure, 2,484 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for four health behaviors: 1,233 subjects (49.8%), 745 subjects (30.2%), 113 subjects (4.7%), 156 subjects (6.5%), and 216 (8.7%) belonged to the pre- contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. They were all series of stages of change in their efforts to do health behavior. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors (1 of Pros, 2 of Cons) for the exercise, 4 factors for smoking cessation (2 of Pros, 2 of Cons), 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for the mammogram screening and 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for Kegel's exercise of decisional balance. 3. The analysis of variance and multiple comparison analysis showed that for all 4 samples, the Cons of changing the problem behaviors outweighed the Pros for subjects who were in the pre- contemplation stage, The opposite was true for subjects in action and maintenance stage. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that one factor of Pros for exercise, one factor of Cons for smoking cessation, 1 factor of Cons for mammogram screening and one factor of Cons for Kegel's exercise were the more influencing factors, than others in discriminating the stages of change. Results are consistent with the applications of the Transtheoretical model, which have been used to understand how people change health behaviors. This results provide some evidence that subject's report of his/her health behavior corresponds to beliefs about usefulness of related health behaviors. The results of this study have implications for patients' health education and health intervention strategies. The findings of this study give useful information for nursing educators for 4 health behaviors, especially the factors relating to decision making in the different stages of change.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.181-192
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine college students' perception on the water fluoridation program and to analyze the similarities and differences in the perceptions of those to provide the basic data for program development and policy planning, the survey with convenience sampling was carried out to 592 college students and then obtained that results. 1. The question about whether you know what is the water fluoridation program got the answers 'know well 5.7%', 'know a little 32.6%', but the ratio of correctly recognizing college students about the program for the purpose of preventing cavities is 19.6% so it was concluded that the accurate education about the definition and the protective of the water fluoridation program is urgent. 2. The rate of consent about claims that the water fluoridation program is a public health program similar to vaccination in the receptivity of the pros for the program is the highest with boy students(64.4%), girl students(75.2%) and therefore it is concluded that it will utilize for the water fluoridation business publicity. 3. Stronger concern for oral health led to the greatest impact on the receptivity of the pros for the water fluoridation program. 4. Most students answered that the time of the water fluoridation operation have to operate gradually and the respondents are 349 students(59%). Therefore it is concluded that the water fluoridation should be taken place in north Jeolla province.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1307-1312
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• 2014

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of self-concept levels and perceived academic achievements of sixth, seventh and eighth grade primary school students upon their perceptions about smoking. Method: The data were collected with the Socio-Demographic Data Collection Form, Pier-Herris Self-Concept scale and Children's Decision Balance Scale. The study sample consisted of 374 students receiving education in the sixth, seventh and eighth grades of three primary schools, which were selected among primary schools of Izmir Provincial Directorate for National Education representing three socio-economic groups with a simple random sampling method. The data were collected in December 2012-January 2013. Percentages and the t test were used in the evaluation of the data. Results: While students with a positive self-concept had score averages of $7.12{\pm}2.18$ regarding the lower dimension of smoking pros and $29.0{\pm}2.47$ regarding the lower dimension of smoking cons, their counterparts with a negative self-concept had score averages of $8.61{\pm}3.76$ (p=0.000) and $28.1{\pm}3.49$ (p=0.004), respectively. According to self-perception, there was statistical difference between perceptions of students regarding smoking (p<0.01). While students perceiving themselves successful had score averages of $7.81{\pm}3.13$ and $28.5{\pm}3.19$ regarding the lower dimension of smoking benefit and harm, students perceiving themselves unsuccessful had score averages of $8.27{\pm}3.39$ (p=0.333) and $29.01{\pm}2.05$ (p=0.235), with no difference determined. Conclusion: Students with a positive self-perception had a low perception of smoking pros and a high perception of smoking cons. Perception of academic achievement did not affect the pros and cons perceptions of children regarding smoking.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2003

Purpose. Despite many smoking cessation programs, many patients with CAD continue to smoke or re-smoke. The processes of change and self-change for smoking cessation is emphasized. The purpose of present study was to investigate decisional balances and processes of change according to stages of change for smoking cessation in the patients with CAD. Methods. This descriptive study was performed using the self-reported questionnaires from 157 male patients with CAD who have smoking experiences. The questionnaires consisted of decisional balances toward smoking (pros/cons) and processes of change including 7 factors. Results. 45.2% of the subjects had myocardial infarction and 54.8% for angina pectoris. Major stages of change were maintenance, contemplation, and precontemplation in 62%, 14%, and 18% respectively. The mean score of pros smoking was 31.07 and cons smoking was 32.52. The mean scores of processes of change were high in all 7 factors, especially in self determination. The pros smoking in precontemplation stage was significantly higher than those in other stages. Between contemplation and precontemplation stages, processes of change showed significant differences in stimulus control, self determination, information management, and dramatic relief. Conclusion. This study suggests that decisional balances and processes of change are stage-specific. As this study, smoking cessation program in the patients with CAD must put priority on the patients group in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages, and stress self determination and dramatic relief.