• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.275-286
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of an intensive rehabilitation program on the pain, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, function, quality of life (QoL), and depression of patients with traumatic rotator cuff injury caused by an industrial accident. Methods: Seventeen patients with traumatic rotator cuff injury caused by an industrial accident participated in this study. The 12-week treatment included 30 min of manual therapy and 30 min of exercise therapy twice a day, five times a week. The outcomes were measured for evaluating the pain, ROM, muscle strength, function, QoL, and depression before the commencement of the program and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results: According to the time of applying the intensive rehabilitation program, the pain (p<0.01), ROM (p<0.01), muscle strength (p<0.01), function (p<0.01), and depression (p<0.05) significantly improved with time. However, QoL was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study confirmed the excellent effect of an intensive rehabilitation program on the pain, ROM, muscle strength, function, and depression of patients with traumatic rotator cuff injury caused by an industrial accident. However, this study was limited by the absence of a control group. This pilot study highlights the need for more extensive research with a larger sample.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to examine the normal lumbar proprioception and identify the effect of vision and proprioception on lumbar movement accuracy through measuring a reposition error in visual and non-visual conditions and to provide the basic data for use of vision when rehabilitation program is applied. The subjects of this study were 39 healthy university students who have average physical activity level. They were measured the ability to reproduce the target position(50% of maximal range of motion) of flexion, extension, dominant and non-dominant side flexion in visual and non-visual conditions. Movement accuracy was assessed by reposition error(differences between intended and actual positions) that is calculated by the average of absolute value of 3 repeated measures at each directions. The data were analysed by paired samples t-test, independent samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. Movement accuracy of flexion, extension, dominant side flexion, and non-dominant side flexion was increased in visual condition. 2. There were no differences in the lumbar movement accuracy between sexes in visual and non-visual conditions. 3. In non-visual condition, the movement in coronal plane(dominant and non dominant side flexion) is more accurate than that in sagittal plane(flexion and extension). 4. In non-visual condition, there were no differences in the lumbar movement accuracy between dominant and non-dominant side flexion. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the movement is more accurate when the visual information input is available than proprioception is only available. When proprioception is decreased by injury or disease, it disturbs the control of posture and movement. In this case, human controls the posture and movement by using visual compensation. However it is impossible to prevent an injury or trauma because most of injuries occur in an unexpected situation. For this reason, it is important to improve the proprioception. Therefore, proprioceptive training or exercise which improve the ability to control of posture and movement is performed an appropriate control of permission or interception of the visual information input to prevent an excessive visual compensation.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study compares the effects of treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback and general treadmill gait training on the gait and balance ability of patients with chronic stroke. Methods: A total of 11 patients with chronic stroke were randomly divided into either the treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback group (six patients) or the general treadmill gait training group (five patients). The gait and balance ability of the two groups were measured before and after the interventions using the functional reach test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Berg's balance test, and the Biodex balance test. The treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback group performed the exercise under the supervision of a therapist after first being provided with a hat and a goal that was devised for the purpose of providing visual feedback information. The interventions were applied to the respective groups for four weeks. For the statistical analysis, we conducted a Mann-Whitney test to compare the results between the two groups. Additionally, the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results from before and after the intervention in each group. Results: The treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback group showed a significant difference in terms of the functional reach test after the intervention when compared to the general treadmill gait training group (p<0.05). Although there was no significant difference, the treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback group showed a larger improvement in the TUG test, Berg's balance test, and the Biodex balance test than the general treadmill gait training group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that treadmill gait training accompanied by visual feedback can be used as a beneficial intervention scheme for the recovery of the gait and balance ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in muscle thickness and ground reaction force of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateral oblique muscles during squats at ankle angles of toe 0°, toe in 10°, and toe out 10°. Methods: In this study, 9 male and 17 female students in their 20s participated in a randomized controlled trial and were compared according to the ankle angles of toe 0°, toe in 10°, and toe out 10°. To determine the reliability and measurement of muscle thickness according to ankle angle using ultrasound equipment and muscle thickness, the participants' ankle angles-toe 0°, toe in 10°, and toe out 10°-were measured three times at the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis oblique muscles during squats. At the same time, the maximum vertical ground reaction force was measured with a force plate. A total of three measurements were taken and averaged, and two minutes of squat movements were assessed between ankle angles to prevent target action. Results: The results of this study illustrated that the reliability of the vastus medialis oblique muscles and vastus lateralis oblique muscles in ankle angle was high. The difference in muscle thickness was significantly greater in comparing the toe out 10° angle with the toe 0° angle than between toe in 10° and toe out 10° in vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis oblique (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the ankle angle of toe 0° and toe in 10° (p > 0.05). The maximum vertical ground reaction force was significantly greater at toe out 10° than at the ankle angle of toe 0° and toe out 10° and between toe in 10° and toe out 10° (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison between toe 0° and toe in 10° (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Squatting at an ankle angle of toe out 10° increases the dorsi flexion; thus, the stability of the ankle and the thickness of both oblique muscles increased to perform more effective squats. In addition, as the base of support widens, it is thought that the stability of the posture increases so that squat training can be performed safely.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.34-48
• /
• 2019

Background: Fall-related injuries in older adults are a major health problem, and the risks and mechanisms of these injuries should be affected by race, culture, living environment, and/or economic status. Objects: Research articles have been systematically reviewed to understand fall-related injuries in older adults in South Korea. Methods: 128 published research papers have been found through the Korea Citation Index and the Korean Studies Information Service System, and reviewed in various perspectives, including incidents, fall death rates, medical costs, causes, injury sites and types, locations where falls occurred, prevention strategies, scholarly fields interested in fall injuries, and the role of physical therapy. Results: Fall-related injuries were found to be more common in women than in men, and the number of incidents increased with age, with the highest rate found in individuals over 85 years old. Risk of fall injury was associated with education level, comorbidities, and fear of falling. Common places where falls occurred included the bathroom, living room, stairs, and hallway. Common types of injury included bruises, fractures, and sprains in the lower extremities. Intervention strategies included exercise programs, education, and protective clothing. Scholarly fields interested in fall-related injuries in older adults included medicine, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, physical education, pharmacology, oriental medicine, biomedical engineering, design, clothing, and textiles. Physical therapy intervention using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation has been used to improve one's balance. Conclusion: Any movement during the activities of daily living can lead to a fall. Physical therapists are highly educated to analyze human movements and should be involved in more research and practices to solve fall-related injuries in older adults.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of self-sit-to-stand training on balance ability and sit-to-stand ability in hemiplegic stroke patients using a multisensory feedback device. Methods: A total of 19 stroke patients participated in this study, and they were divided into two groups: 10 underwent self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device, and 9 underwent sit-to-stand training with a physical therapist. In both groups, sit-to-stand training was performed for 30 min, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. The subjects also underwent physical therapy twice a day for 30 min, 10 times a week, for a total of 60 sessions. Balance ability was evaluated using the AFA-50 and Berg Balance Scale. Sit-to-stand ability was evaluated using the five times sit-to-stand test. Results: Sway length, pressure, and total pressure all significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. The Berg Balance Scale results showed that balance ability significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. The five times sit-to-stand test results showed that sit-to-stand ability significantly increased in both groups, and there was no difference between the two groups. It was found that the self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device had a positive effect on balance control and sit-to-stand ability. When the two groups were compared, no difference in balance ability or sit-to-stand ability was observed. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device is as effective as sit-to-stand training with a physical therapist. Hence, self-sit-to-stand training using a multisensory feedback device could be an effective home-based exercise protocol for hemiplegic stroke patients to improve their balance and sit-to-stand abilities.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Study on the effect of the use of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) method by use of the direction and charge regulation which is the advantage of the Thera-band therapy on the walks and balances in old people and comparison with the result after applying the general PNF technique. Method: The study has been performed on 30 females over 65 years old. The study has been done by dividing the object group in 3 patterns, which are number 1, the comparison group of 10, two ones that are applied the PNF technique using Thera-band and third, the ones that are applied only the PNF technique. For the PNF and the Thera-band using PNF, we have divided the group into Combination of Isotonic technique and the Rhythmical stabilization technique according to the patient's acquaintance pattern and applied them to the patient's body. Evaluation was the balancing ability which was calculated by using the BIODEX Balance system / FRT and for the evaluation of walking ability, we have used the speed of walking for 10M / TUG. Result: In the comparison group of 10, the balancing ability and the walking ability did not change much before and after the experiment, which made it possible to compare the group with the other two easily(p>0.05). For the other two groups, we have recognized the enhancement both in the balancing ability and the walking ability, but they did not know much difference between themselves(p<0.05). Conclusion: Though there were not a big difference in the sense of improvement between the Thera-band using PNF and the PNF technique only, we could infer that these two therapy has enhanced much in the walking and balancing ability for people over 65 and through these result we can foresee that not only using the method shown in this study but also by using many advantages of Thera-band, we could diminish the tiredness of healer, enhance the efficiency of exercise in them and also by forming self training program for older people we could help them build the prevention program from falls.