• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.116-120
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to determine which interventions are effective in increasing hamstring flexibility due to changes in the range of motion (ROM) and pennation angle (PA) when foam rolling (FR) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching were performed. Methods: A total of 24 healthy participants who agreed to participate in the study were randomly chosen. The participants were divided into three groups of eight people: Control, FR, and PNF stretching groups. The hip flexion angle (ROM) and PA of the hamstrings were measured before and after the experiment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the ROM and PA for each group by comparing the before and after results. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the increase in hamstring flexibility between the groups. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the ROM and PA within all groups, and only the ROM was significant in the comparison between the three groups. In the comparison between the control and other two groups, a significant difference was noted in both the ROM and PA in the FR group and only the ROM in the PNF stretching group (p<0.05). In the comparison between the FR and PNF stretching groups, no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings FR and PNF stretching increased the ROM; however, no change in PA was observed. Therefore, FR and PNF stretching were considered effective interventions in immediately increasing hamstring flexibility.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk-stabilization training using stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization techniques of PNF on trunk muscle strength and respiratory function in elderly stroke patients. Methods: There were 26 stroke patients included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups, and all patients performed exercise 30 min five times per week for six weeks. The experimental group performed trunk stability exercise using stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization techniques of PNF, and the control group performed flexibility and strength training. Trunk muscle strength, forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiration pressure were measured to determine the changes after the intervention. For statistical processing, a paired t-test was performed within the group, and the value after intervention was performed as an independent t-test to find out the difference between the two groups. Results: In the experimental group, all of the trunk muscle strength, forced vital capacity, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiration pressure showed significant differences according to the intervention. In the control group, there were statistically significant differences in trunk muscle strength and forced vital capacity, but the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum expiration pressure did not show any statistical change. Conclusion: From these results, it can be seen that the trunk stability exercises that use the proprioceptive neuromuscular promotion method of stable reversal and rhythm stabilization can be a good intervention for the respiratory function of stroke patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

Proprioception training has been considered a secondary method to facilitate postural control ability. This study investigated the effects of two different proprioception training methods - the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and visual feedback-based joint position and force reproduction (VF) - on postural control advancements. Sixteen healthy people volunteered for this study, and they randomly grouped two. Each group participated in the PNF and VF training for three weeks. We evaluated each subject's proprioception levels and balance ability before and after the training. We used a clinometer and electromyogram (EMG) for VF training. The joint position reproduction test was also used to evaluate the position and force aspects of the proprioception level. We analyzed the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP) while subjects were standing on the firm floor and balance board with one leg using a pressure mat. The improvement of the position aspect of the proprioception level of the VF group (4.93±4.74°) was larger than that of the PNF group (-0.43±2.08°) significantly (p=0.012). The improvement of the anterior-posterior COP velocity of the PNF group (0.01±0.01 cm/s) was larger than that of VF group(0.002±0.01 cm/s) significantly (p=0.046). Changes of position error in the PNF group (rho=0.762, p=0.028) and tibialis anterior force reproduction error in the VF group showed a significantly strong relationship with balance ability variables. These results showed that different PNF and VF have different effects on improving two aspects of proprioception and their relationship with the balance ability. Therefore, these results might be useful for selecting proprioception or balance rehabilitation considering the clinical and patients' situation.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct balance training through vision control to improve the balance, postural control, and balance confidence and to decrease the visual and sensory dependence of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-eight chronic stroke patients volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomly assigned to the eyes-closed and the eyes-open training groups. Three times a week for four weeks each group performed an unstable-support session and a balance training session for thirty minutes per set. Their balance, postural control, and balance confidence were assessed using BIO Rescue (BR), the postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), and the Korean activity-specific balance confidence scale (K-ABC), respectively. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Statistical methods before and after working around the average value of each dataset were independent T-test. The significance level for statistical analyses was set at 0.05. Results: Comparison between the groups showed statistically significant effects on all variables before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study reflected that balance-training programs involving vision control improve the balance, postural control, and balance confidence of chronic stroke patients. Thus, stroke patients should undergo training programs that increase the use of their other senses with vision control in clinical practice.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of vibration exercise on balance control ability, gait ability, and depression in the elderly. Methods: A total of 24 elderly subjects were recruited and randomized into an experimental (n = 12) or a control (n = 12) group. The experimental group performed both a vibration and a stabilization exercise, and the control group performed a stabilization exercise alone. Balance ability was measured using the functional reach test (FRT), gait ability was measured using the timed up and go test (TUGT), and depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: The experimental and control groups showed significant differences for all pre- and post-experiment FRT, TUGT, and CES-D measurements (p <0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group in which vibration exercise was applied showed more significant difference in FRT, TUGT, and CES-D than the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study showed vibration exercise to be effective in balance control ability, gait ability, and depression in the elderly.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of different methods of pelvic control on abdominal muscle activity and lumbopelvic rotation angle during active straight leg raising (ASLR) in patients with chronic back pain. Methods: The study participants were patients with low back pain (n = 30). They were instructed to perform ASLR with pelvic control, ASLR with pelvic belt, and ASLR only. Surface electromyography data were collected from the ipsilateral rectus femoris (IRF), ipsilateral internal oblique (IIO), contralateral external oblique (CEO), and ipsilateral rectus abdominal (IRA) muscles, and lumbopelvic rotation angle was measured using a motion analysis device. Results: Activation of all abdominal muscles was greater in the ASLR with pelvic control group than in the ASLR with pelvic belt and ASLR groups. The lumbopelvic rotation angle was lower in the ASLR with pelvic control group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that ALSR with pelvic control is an effective means of increasing abdominal muscle activity and reducing unwanted lumbopelvic rotation in patients with chronic low back pain. Controlling the pelvis using the opposite leg is an effective form of ASLR exercise for patients with chronic low back pain.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare combined exercise program group to conventional physiotherapy for patients with chronic neck pain. Methods : Participants were randomly allocated to two groups by experimental(n=17) and control(n=17). Combined exercise program group involved stretching, stability, strengthening and endurance, proprioceptive exercises along with an educational programme. Patient attended for 60min, three times a weeks. Control group was treated as conventional physiotherapy on 40 min, three times a weeks. Outcome variables included pain, disability, range of motion, fatigability at 0 and 6 weeks. Results : Pain, Disability Index, Fatigability significantly decreased(p<.05) and Range of motion improved significantly after active exercise program(p<.05). In conclusion. Combined exercise program improves pain and disability, range of motion, fatigability. Conclusion : These results suggest that combined exercise program is suitable for chronic neck pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2002

There are many methods for muscle strengthening. Muscle strengthening with eccentric contraction work is the best way by researcher's report. Also, eccentric contraction need proper resistance for muscle strengthening. Combination of isotonic in PNF is a muscle strengthening method with manual resistance. It makes concentric contraction $\rightarrow$ eccentric contraction $\rightarrow$ concentric contraction with continually and without muscle relaxation. Combination isotonic technique use with PNF pattern. Therefore, it will make development and increasing of active control motion, coordination, actual range of motion, strengthen and functional training in eccentric control of movement. Concentric contraction have the 3rd lever system and eccentric contraction have the 2nd lever system with combination of isotonic. Serial concentric contraction $\rightarrow$ eccentric contraction $\rightarrow$ concentric contraction make strong SEC and PEC. It will be increase elasticity of SEC, PEC and contractile components either.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.250-257
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• 1999

Driving simulators are used effectively for human factor study, vehicle system development and other purposes by enabling to reproduce actural driving conditions in a safe and tightly controlled enviornment. Interactive simulation requries appropriate sensory and stimulus cuing to the driver . Sensory and stimulus feedback can include visual , auditory, motion, and proprioceptive cues. A fixed-base driving simulator has been developed in this study for vehicle system developmnet and human factor study . The simulator consists of improved and synergistic subsystems (a real-time vehicle simulation system, a visual/audio system and a control force loading system) based on the motion -base simulator, KMU DS-Ⅰ developed for design and evaluation of a full-scale driving simulator and for driver-vehicle interaction.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1651-1656
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in balance and proprioception of adults with limited ankle joint dorsiflexion, after the application of talocrural joint mobilization. The subjects of this study included 23 college students in their twenties with limited ankle joint dorsiflexion. The students were randomly assigned to the ankle joint mobilization group (AJMG, n=12) and the control group (CG, n=11). After 2 weeks of intervention using grade III talocrural joint mobilization in the anterior-posterior movement, the balance and proprioception of the subjects were assessed. Static/dynamic balance capabilities and ankle proprioception were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test. The dynamic balance and proprioception of AJMG were significantly improved after intervention (p<.05), In the comparison between the groups after the intervention, the dynamic balance and proprioceptive sense of AJMG were significantly improved compared to the control group (p<.05). This study suggests that AJMG can help improve the dynamic balance and proprioception.