• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2000

농촌 지역 사회의 40대 이상의 남성 300명을 대상으로, 번역의 타당성과 신뢰도가 검증된 국문 I-PSS를 이용하여, 하부요로 증상의 유병률, I-PSS와 혈압의 관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. I-PSS를 이용한 증상접수 8이상인 하부 요로증상의 유병률은 40, 50, 60 및 70대에서 각각 20.5, 32.2, 40.6 및 72.0%로 관찰되었으며 증상점수 20 이상의 중증군은 각각 0.82, 5.6, 11.0%로 미국, 일본에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 2. 평균 I-PSS와 연령과의 관계는 연령이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며(r=0.29, p=0.0001), 무학인 군이 전문대 이상인 군에 비하여 I-PSS가 유의하게 높게 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 3. 평균 I-PSS와 배뇨만족도 사이에는 유의한 상관관계(r=0.63, p=0.0001)를 보였으나 I-PSS(평균 8.2)에 비해 상대적으로 불편감이 없는 배뇨만족도(평균 1.9)를 나타내었다. 4. 고혈압군의 평균 I-PSS는 7.85이었으며 정상혈압군의 평균 I-PSS는 8.39이었으나 I-PSS와 혈압과의 관계는 고혈압군과 정상 혈압군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

목 적 : 2008년 WHO 보고에 따르면, 전세계적으로 결핵의 유병률, 발생률, 사망률은 감소하고 있다. 우리나라에서 시행된 제 7차 전국결핵실태조사에서도 결핵 유병률이 감소하였으나, 최근 소아결핵 환자에 대한 보고는 드문 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 최근 20년간 결핵으로 서울대학교 어린이병원 소아청소년과에 입원한 환자들을 대상으로 소아결핵의 동향을 파악하고자 한다. 방 법 : 1988년부터 2007년까지 서울대학교 어린이병원 소아청소년과에 결핵으로 진단받고 입원 치료를 받은 만 15세 이하 환자의 임상 양상, 검사 소견, 방사선학적 소견 등을 의무 기록을 통해 후향적으로 분석하였다. 또, 5년 단위로 4개의 분기로 나누어 분기별 입원 환자 비율 및 주요 침범 부위의 변화를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 연구기간 중 결핵으로 입원치료 받은 환아는 총 186명으로, 남자가 59.1%였다. 진단시 나이의 중간 값은 55세(범위 : 10일-15세)였다. 결핵의 주요 침범 부위로는 폐가 54례(29%), 중추 신경계 49례(26.3%), 속립성 32례(17.2%), 림프절 15례(8.1%), 흉막 12례(6.5%), 골 및 관절 9례(4.8%), 장관 5례(2.7%), 복막 5례(2.7%), 심낭 2례(1.1%), 기타 3례(1.6%)이었다. 분기별 소아 전체 입원 환자에 대한 결핵 입원 환자의 비율은 1988-1992년의 0.61%에서 2003-2007년 0.09%로 통계적으로 의미있게 감소하였다(P for trend<0.001 by linear-by-linear association). 분기별 소아 전체 입원환자에 대한 폐결핵, 결핵성 수막염, 속립성 결핵 및 기타 폐외결핵 환자의 비율 또한 통계적으로 의미있게 감소하였다(P for trend<0.001, <0.001, 0.002, 0.008 by linear-by-linear association). 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 최근 20년간 서울대학교 어린이병원의 소아결핵 입원 환자비율은 감소하는 추세임을 확인하였다. 앞으로 소아결핵에 대한 국가적 또는 다기관 차원의 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.111-128
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• 2005

Background: Cardiac arrest is one of the most critical diseases which can likely lead to severe cerebral disability or brain death when the cases can not recover their circulation within 10 minutes. Saving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases is a recent concern in Korea. Resuscitation has become an important multidisciplinary branch of medicine, demanding a spectrum of skills and attracting a plethora of specialities and organizations. The best survival can be achieved if all the following links have been optimized : rapid access, and early CPR, defibrillation and ACLS, Since the "Utstein Style" was advocated in 1991, many reports about out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been published based on this guideline. These differences prevent valid inter-hospital and international comparisons. However, it is not known how effective resuscitation has become to the patients. In other words, there are no guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on resuscitation in Korea. This dissertation aims to provide the basic data for a unified reporting guideline of resuscitation in Korea and evaluating the out-of-hospital factors associated with survival discharge of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: As for this study, uses the collected data about Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests at 4 area, from January, 2005 to April. 2005. With a retrospective study, 174 cases were analyzed. The data was recorded based on the Out-of-Hospital Utstein Style. Results: Resuscitation was performed on 174 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases at the 4 area 14 patients(8.1%) recovered their spontaneous circulation. Overall, the ROSC of the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients was 8.1%, which was poorer than that of western countries. Gender distribution was 50 females(28.7%) and 124 males(71.3%), approximately twice as many males as females. ROSC of witnessed arrests was found out to be 97.7%. The ratio of the witnessed arrest groups showed higher results than that of unwitnessed arrest groups in the above-examined cases. Cardiac etiology consisted of cardiac(33.5%), non-cardiac(45.7%), trauma(20.1%), and unknown(6.0%). Cardiac was the best performance. Initial rhythm showed Ventricular Tachycardia/pulseless Ventricular Fibrillation in 8 patients(6.0%), asystole in 100(75.2%) and unknown in 25(18.8%). The results of the Ventricular Tachycardia/pulseless Ventricular Fibrillation showed higher results than the others cases, The proportion of the cardiogenic cause was 33.5%, which was only half of western countries. Ventricular Tachycardia/pulseless Ventricular Fibrillation is relatively rare. These differences were due to the prevalent pattern of Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as well as prematurity of the EMSS. Bystander CPR was practiced on 13 patients(7.52%). ROSC was shown in 46.2% cases. CPR by EMT was carried out on 167 cases(96.5%). ACLS by EMf was rare. From collapse, 4 cases(2.6%) arrived to ED within 6 minutes. 13 (8.6%) within 10 minutes, and 49(32.5%) over 31 minutes. The sooner the patients arrived, the greater the ratio of ROSC and discharged alive became, and the same with collapse time to ROSC. As the results of the logistic regression analysis, ROSC was found out to be highly influenced by the time of ED arrival from collapse and Ventricular Tachycardia/pulseless Ventricular Fibrillation. Therefore, the ratio of ROSC depends on not any single factor but various intervention factors. Conclusion: This dissertation presents the following suggestions and directions of the study hereafter. First, the first step for a chain of survival should be taken to activate EMSS early with a phone as soon as cardiac arrests are witnessed. Second, it is keenly needed that emergency medical technicians should be increased through emergency education for living. Third, it is necessary to establish the emergency transportation system. Fourth, most of the Koreans have little understanding of EMT and the present operation systems have many problems, which should be fundamentally changed. Fifth, it is required to have an active medical control over Out-of-hospital CPR, And proper psychological supports should be given not only to patients themselves and their family but also individuals who are engaged in emergency situation. Finally, through studies hereafter on nationwide, comprehensive, and standard forms, it is needed to examine into the biological figures of human body, causes and trends of cardiac arrests, and then, to enhance the survival rate of Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Korean guidelines for Cardiopulmonary resuscitation need to be made.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.97-111
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• 1995

In our society today, a variety of medical caring system, along with a scientific development in the area of oriental medical science plus national demand, has increased the augmentation and the opening of oriental wards and hospitals (Han Bang), which has come to create an additional requirement of nursing activity at oriental medicine wards should be different from that of the general wards or the same as the other. In view of this, various studies need to be made in this connection. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the number of nurses who want to work at oriental medicine wards and measure job satisfaction in nursing as compared with those working at general wards so as to provide basic materials for future assignment and supplementary training for the nurses. An attempt was made to contribute toward nursing administration on the one hand improving nursing training course on the other hand. A total of 72 nurses currently working at two oriental medicine hospitals available in Seoul and 82 general nurses were selected for this study using the questionaire from December 1993 to January 1994. An instrument for the study was based on the measurement of work satisfaction developed by Paula L. Stamps including 37 questions complemented by Kim for revision (1993) and 14 questions regarding general characteristics and oriental medicine wards. The instrument to test dependability showed Cronbach's=0.7711. The collected data have been processed by computer package SPSS. General characteristics of the two groups and the matters involved in oriental medicine wards were calculated into real figure and percentage an similarities between the two groups were analyzed by t-test and F-test according to the characteristics of variables. The comparative test on work satisfaction among the two groups including general characteristics and work factors were conducted by t-test and F-test. The major findings as a result of the study are as follows : 1. As general characteristics, age group of $26{\sim}30$ years are more than any segment of age. As to marital status, the number of those in single status is slightly higher than the married. Approximately 80% of them are graduates of nursing schools and nursing colleges. They are mostly in service for one to three years. There is no significant difference between the two groups. 2. The number of those who want to work at oriental medicine wards represents 40.3% against 58.4%, being in favor of general wards. 3. The reason for service at oriental medicine wards is that "there is room for potential research" which happened to rank first, followed by "easy job," "good working atmosphere" and "growing interest in oriental medicine." 4. Work satisfactions among nurses who work at oriental medicine wards prove greater than that of nurses who work at general wards. 5. Work satisfaction between the two groups by work factors is reflected with significant difference statistically on task requirement, interaction and doctor-nurse relationships. 6. The general charcateristics and the work satisfaction by work factors prove that there are significant difference in age, marital status, education and the period of work. They tend to be more satisfied with the work as they grow in age. Significant differneces are found in the work factors such as autonomy, adiministration and professional job in the relationship with doctor-nurse. As to marital status, the married are more satisfied than the unmarried. There are significant differneces in the factors respecting administration and doctor-nurse college graduates are highly satisfied with task requirement. However, satisfaction with the professional level has proven the highest degree for those having master degree. The period of work and satisfaction : There are significant differneces in task requirement, administration, interactions, professional level and doctor-nurse relationships. As a general rule, the degree of satisfactions is in proportion to the lengrh of service. The following conclusions are drawn based on the fndings mentioned above. Even though the work satisfaction of the nurse who work at oriental medicine ward is relatively high, it is desired that personal consultation be given as to disposition of nurses when they are assigned to oriental medicine wards. It is also recommended that lectures on oriental medicine be conducted through supplementary training and/or basic nursing course in order that they may be motivated for ingenious activities with an increasing sense of self-esteem which will eventually enhance positive changes for the patients who are in need of oriental medicine nursing and for the medical teams. In addition, joint reseaches involvingclinical care and education should be in constant process for unique and scientific development for those who are subject to oriental medicine nursing care.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.146-152
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• 1989

대구시 남구 보건소 모자 보건 센터의 조산원들이 고위험 임부로 판정하여 타의료 기관으로 의뢰한 것이 어느 정도 타당한지를 알아 보기 위해 1985년 4월 1일에서 1987년 3월 31일 사이에 분만을 위해 모자 보건 센터를 방문한 임부 6,017명을 대상으로 센터에 도착하는 즉시 본 연구를 위한 전임 요원이 일반적 특성과 산과력을 면접 조사하고 임신 결과를 추적 조사하였다. 추적 조사가 가능했던 5,820명 가운데 704명(12.1%)이 의뢰되었는데 분만 결과가 불량(사산, 저체중아, 신생아 사망)했던 경우는 의뢰된 임부 가운데 4.4%로 센터에서 분만한 임부의 2.2%보다 유의하게 높았으며 (p<0.01) 조산원들의 임상적 소견으로 의뢰 여부를 판정한 것이 분만 결과와의 일치율은 86.5%였다. 의뢰 이유는 조기 파수(46.5%)와 아두 골반 불균형(20.2%)이 가장 많았는데 이들도 제왕 절개 분만율이 각각 10.1%, 17.6%로 대부분 정상아를 분만하였다. 임산 소견을 제외한 임부의 특성과 산과력으로 임신 결과를 판별 분석한 결과 재태기간이 가장 높은 판별 계수(0.88)를 보였고 그 다음이 출산 회수(0.37), 임부의 교육 수준(0.30)의 순이었으며 이 세가지 요인으로 임신 결과를 옳게 판정할 수 있는 비율이 65.6%로 조산원들이 판단하 일치율보다 낮았다. 조산원들이 임상적 경험에 의해 고위험 산모를 판정하고 있는 것은 타당한 것으로 평가되나 그들의 판정 기준을 체계적으로 조사한 결과와 임부의 일반적 특성과 산과력을 모두 독립 변수로 하고 불량한 임신결과에 꼭 필요한 제왕 절개 분만, 임신 및 분만의 합병증을 포함하여 종속 변수로 한 판별 분석을 한다면 우리 나라 모자 보건센터에 적합한 위험치 사정표를 개발할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-44
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• 1993

An explorative and descriptive study in order to determine the effect of family structure and other socio-demographic variables on health behavior, belief, locus, and value and utilization of public health service was carried out. Data were collected from 1,653 subjects randomly sampled in three areas, Seoul, Kyunggi province, and Cheju province. From Seoul 849 subjects were selected, 397 subjects Kyunggi, and 407 subjects from Cheju, respectively. Self-reporting questionaires were administered during the period from March to June, 1992. The major findings were as follows: 1) The subjects visited herb-doctor's at irregular intervals mainly to have tonic medicine prepared. They preferred herb-doctor's rather than with doctors at clinics and hospitals. Statistically significant difference was found among the regions studied (p<0.05). 2) The reason for visiting hospitals was primarily for treatment of diseases. They preferred hospital because they felt that the hospitals offer much highly reliable treatment services as well as medical accessibility. For the purpose of hospital utilization, statistically significant differences existed among sex, educational level, family type and region. However, no significance was found among sex, educational level, and region (p<0.05). 3) The subjects utilized general hospitals mainly for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. They preferred general hospitals because of their much better facilities and reliability. Statistical significance was found among sex, educational level, and region (p<0.05). 4) The subjects visited dentist at irregular intervals basis. They visited once half a year or three to four months. their purpose of visit was mainly for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Statistical significance differences were found among educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 5) Whenever their illnesses were mild and the pharmacies was located in nearby they visited to pharmacies. They visited once a month and patient medicines. Statistically significant differences were found among sex, educational level and region (p<0.05). 6) The subjects believed that herb medicine was quite efficacious for treatment of some diseases, particularly by information handed down through time-honored tradition and experience. However, they recognized that the efficacy of folk medicine can vary with type and severity of diseases. Statistical significance was among sex, educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 7) The reason why subjects believed that pray and superstition are effective for treatment of certain type of diseases, particularly in neuropathy, was the belief in God's almighty. Statistically significant differences were found among sex, educational level, regions and economic standard (p<0.05). 8) Most of subjects under same condition preferred western medicine because they believed that it is more scientific and prompts in showing therapeutic effect. Statistical significance was not found in the choice of type of public health service among, regions. But significant differences were found among sex, educational level and region (p<0.05). 9) The subjects looked for pharmacy if they thought the symptom was mild. However, they visited hospitals for chronic disease and general hospitals for emergency treatment. Statistical significances were found among educational level, region and economic standard (p<0.05). 10) Although most of students wanted to have a healthy life as for the component of health standard and value, they think that they are not healthy (p<0.05). As for the health behavior, significant difference was found in the proportion of smoking and drinking between educational level and region (p<0.05). The health locus was affected by educational level, and health behavior was influenced by region, sex and educational level. The utilization of type of public health service was influenced by family type and region, and health belief by region and educational level, and the health values by region and economic standard respectively, most of correlation showed statistical significance. Among them, the highest correlation was seen between locus of control and external/internal locus of control, which is quite obvious. The correlation between health belief and behavior was the next highest, but still low (0.343). All the other variables are low but significant except only a few of those. These findings indicate that health education should be incorporated into the curriculum so as to develop desirable health habit, and ability of self-control in accordance with their growth stages. A systematic and scientific understanding on the herb/folk medicine is needed, and greater reliability of the utilization of public health services are is still required. Health policy for equal distribution of health service throughout the country along the hierarchical health service system and complementary mutual assistance and cooperation among various health organizations are also required.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2009

태백산 광화대 중부에 위치한 거도광산은 최근 수 십년간 휴광상태이지만, 1963년부터 철과 동을 개발하였던 지역이다. 거도광산 지역은 장산규암, 묘봉층, 풍촌층, 화절층, 동점층 및 두무골층과 후기에 이를 관입한 백악기 어평화강 암체로 구성되어 있다. 거도 스카른을 형성시킨 어평화강암체의 조성은 상대적으로 산화된($Fe_2O_3/FeO=0.3{\sim}1.1$) 자철석계열의 석영몬조섬록암과 화강섬록암으로, 이들의 관입은 묘봉층, 풍촌층 및 화절층 내에 스카른 광화작용을 발달시켰다. 근지 외성 스카른은 어평화강암체 인근의 철이 부화된 안드라다이트(andradite) 석류석($Ad_{44-95}Gr_{1-53}$)이 우세한 지역에서 점차 멀어지면서 철이 결핍된 투휘석($Hd_{10-100}Di_{0-89}$)이 우세한 지역의 순으로 대상분포를 보인다. 이러한 석류석과 휘석의 다른 분포 특성은 모암의 조성 및 물/암석비 등의 차이에 기인된 것으로, 전체 스카른 시스템의 산화정도를 평가하는 중요한 요소이다. 거도광산의 금은 주로 근지의 적갈색 내지 갈색의 석류석이 우세한 스카른에서 산출되며, 성인적으로 함 비스무스-텔루륨 광물들과 밀접한 공생관계를 가진다. 거도광산의 금광작용과 관련된 관입암의 화학조성, 스카른대의 분포와 금의 산출특성 등은 산화형 스카른 금광상의 환경을 지시하며, 높은 석류석/휘석비를 갖는 스카른대가 탐사대상이 된다. 그러나 연구지역의 수평적 대상분포 외에 수직적 대상분포 특성에 대한 정밀탐사가 요구된다. 이는 거도광산 스카른대의 3차원적 이해를 가능하게 하며, 보다 체계적 탐사 및 구체적 개발 방안을 제시하는 중요한 기반을 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.813-818
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• 2003

본 시험은 자가제조 TMR 농가의 TMR 배합기 운용실태와 국내에서 생산 이용되고 있는 TMR을 대상으로 TMR 배합소에서 생산되는 20개 유통 TMR과 농가에서 직접 제조하여 이용하는 20개 자가 TMR의 입자도를 Penn State Particle Size Separator를 이용하여 측정하여 TMR 입자도의 분포를 측정한 결과, 자가 TMR 배합기를 이용하여 TMR을 제조하는 농가의 1일 총 배합에 소요되는 시간은 48.6${\pm}$28.0분으로 나타났으며, 자가 TMR 농가의 보유 배합기 형태는 2오거가 55.5%로 가장 많았고, 여름철 및 다른 계절에 1일 2회 배합하는 농가가 44.4 및 22.2%였다. 자가 TMR 농가의 배합기 가동시간별 상위 체에 남아 있는 비율이 21.5~25.6%, 중간 체에 남아 있는 비율이 16.0~25.8% 그리고 바닥 체에 남은 사료의 비율은 52.8~61.4%로 많은 차이가 있었다. 자가 및 유통 TMR의 입자 길이가 19mm 이상인 사료의 비율이 각각 24.9${\pm}$1.4 및 26.2${\pm}$1.7%, 입자 길이가 8~19mm미만인 사료의 비율이 각각 22.8${\pm}$1.0 및 12.8${\pm}$1.2% 그리고 입자 길이가 8mm 미만인 사료의 비율이 52.3${\pm}$1.7 및 61.0${\pm}$1.5%였다. 이는 자가 TMR과 유통 TMR 모두에서 8~19mm미만 범위에 있는 입자는 Penn State Separator에서 추천하는 비율보다 각각 82.6%, 100%가 낮은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 전체적으로 국내에서 생산 이용되고 있는 TMR의 입자도가 긴 것과 짧은 것의 적절한 조화가 이루어지지 않고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 TMR을 급여하고 있는 농가에서 TMR중 입자도가 적정한지를 평가하기 위한 가장 기본적인 일은 우군의 반추행동을 모니터링하는 일이다. 즉, 전체 우군중 사료를 섭취하고 있는 소를 제외하고 휴식중에 있는 소들중 반추를 하고 있는 소가 40%가 안된다면 전체적으로 입자도가 너무 적거나 조사료의 비율이 너무 낮지 않은지 검토하여 배합시간을 조정하거나 배합비를 재조정해 주어야 할 것이다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제39권2호통권116호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2006

도암호는 송천의 상류수계에 건설된 호수임에도 불구하고 담수초기부터 주변에 산재해 있는 비점오염원의 영향으로 연중 탁도농도가 높았다. 도암호의 수질은 조사기간동안 투명도가 평균 0.8m이었으며, Chl. a는 표층 평균(0 ${\sim}$ 5 m)이 18.5 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, 총인은 평균 111 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, 총질소는 평균 4.1 mg $L^{-1}$로 나타났다. 이는 U.S. EPA (1976)에서 제시한 부영양화 정도를 초과하는 수준이었으나, 상류에서 유입된 오염원이 댐 하류지점에서 낮게 나타났다. 도암호의 어류상은 총 6과 26종 9,600개체가 채집되었으며, 우점종으로는 돌고기 (34.6%), 아우걸종으로는 피라미 (22.5%)로 나타났다. 또한 수환경에 따른 어류상을 살펴 본 결과 도암호 상류에서는 유영성어종의 비율이 높게 나타났으며, 하류로 갈수록 저서성 어종의 비율이 높게 출현하였다. 이는 도암호의 상류와 하류의 하상구조에 따른 차이와 부유물질 및 탁도와 같은 수진의 상 ${\cdot}$ 하류간의 차이에 의한 영향으로 사료된다. 그러므로 도암호는 송천수계에서 오염을 감소시키는 완충지대의 역활을 하고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 한편 특이할 사항은 Comat (C. auratus의 품종: Gold fish)과 붕어 (C. auratus)치 사이에서 교잡된 붕어 (C. auratus. Hybrid type)가 출현한 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.272-277
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• 1998

근년에 내만성 굴양식장의 생산성이 저하함에 따라 대체종으로 미더덕과 횐멍게가 주목되면서 이 종들의 생태적 지위가 기존의 양식굴과 상충되는지 여부를 알아보기 위한 일련의 조사계획의 하나로서 여수율을 조사하였으며, 조사결과와 Kim (1995)의 양식굴의 여수율 ($\ast$)을 비교 검토하였다. 1. 폐쇄계에서 해수수온 $10^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;29^{\circ}C$일때 시간에 따른 현탁색소의 제거율을 측정하고, Kim (1995)의 계산식을 사용하여 여수율을 계산하였다. 현탁색소는 neutral red를 사용하였으며, 22mm 흡수셀을 사용하여 440nm에서 초기흡광도 $0.25\~0.30$을 나타내는 농도를 사용하였다. 2. 여수율은 한시간동안 실험생물 1개체가 여수하는 양을 그 개체의 건조중량으로 나누어서 단위시간당 단위건조육중량당 여수량 (${\ell}/gDW/hr$)으로 산출하고, 이것이 개체 건조육중량과 수온에 의하여 받는 영향을 회귀경향식으로 해석하여, 종별 개체여수율 ($F,\;{\ell}/hr/animal$) 모형으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 4. 종별로 수확시의 수온과 개체 평균중량 자료를 사용하여 연승 1대 (100m)당 집단 여수율을 계산한 결과는 다음과 같았다.