• 한국식품영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양학회 2001년도 동계 학술심포지움
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• pp.39-74
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• 2001

The endeavors enhancing the grain quality of high-yielding japonica rice were steadily continued during 1980s∼1990s along with the self-sufficiency of rice production and the increasing demands of high-quality rices. During this time, considerably great, progress and success was obtained in development of high-quality japonica cultivars and qualify evaluation techniques including the elucidation of interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of rice grain and the physical or palatability components of cooked rice. In 1990s, some high-quality japonica rice caltivars and special rices adaptable for food processing such as large kernel, chalky endosperm aromatic and colored rices were developed and its objective preference and utility was also examined by a palatability meter, rapid-visco analyzer and texture analyzer. The water uptake rate and the maximum water absorption ratio showed significantly negative correlations with the K/Mg ratio and alkali digestion value(ADV) of milled rice. The rice materials showing the higher amount of hot water absorption exhibited the larger volume expansion of cooked rice. The harder rices with lower moisture content revealed the higher rate of water uptake at twenty minutes after soaking and the higher ratio of maximum water uptake under the room temperature condition. These water uptake characteristics were not associated with the protein and amylose contents of milled rice and the palatability of cooked rice. The water/rice ratio (in w/w basis) for optimum cooking was averaged to 1.52 in dry milled rices (12% wet basis) with varietal range from 1.45 to 1.61 and the expansion ratio of milled rice after proper boiling was average to 2.63(in v/v basis). The major physicochemical components of rice grain associated with the palatability of cooked rice were examined using japonica rice materials showing narrow varietal variation in grain size and shape, alkali digestibility, gel consistency, amylose and protein contents, but considerable difference in appearance and torture of cooked rice. The glossiness or gross palatability score of cooked rice were closely associated with the peak. hot paste and consistency viscosities of viscogram with year difference. The high-quality rice variety “Ilpumbyeo” showed less portion of amylose on the outer layer of milled rice grain and less and slower change in iodine blue value of extracted paste during twenty minutes of boiling. This highly palatable rice also exhibited very fine net structure in outer layer and fine-spongy and well-swollen shape of gelatinized starch granules in inner layer and core of cooked rice kernel compared with the poor palatable rice through image of scanning electronic mcroscope. Gross sensory score of cooked rice could be estimated by multiple linear regression formula, deduced from relationship between rice quality components mentioned above and eating quality of cooked rice, with high Probability of determination. The ${\alpha}$ -amylose-iodine method was adopted for checking the varietal difference in retrogradation of cooked rice. The rice cultivars revealing the relatively slow retrogradation in aged cooked rice were Ilpumbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Sasanishiki, Jinbubyeo and Koshihikari. A Tongil-type rice, Taebaegbyeo, and a japonica cultivar, Seomjinbyeo, shelved the relatively fast deterioration of cooked rice. Generally, the better rice cultivars in eating quality of cooked rice showed less retrogiadation and much sponginess in cooled cooked rice. Also, the rice varieties exhibiting less retrogradation in cooled cooked rice revealed higher hot viscosity and lower cool viscosity of rice flour in amylogram. The sponginess of cooled cooked rice was closely associated with magnesium content and volume expansion of cooked rice. The hardness-changed ratio of cooked rice by cooling was negatively correlated with solids amount extracted during boiling and volume expansion of cooked rice. The major physicochemical properties of rice grain closely related to the palatability of cooked rice may be directly or indirectly associated with the retrogradation characteristics of cooked rice. The softer gel consistency and lower amylose content in milled rice revealed the higher ratio of popped rice and larger bulk density of popping. The stronger hardness of rice grain showed relatively higher ratio of popping and the more chalky or less translucent rice exhibited the lower ratio of intact popped brown rice. The potassium and magnesium contents of milled rice were negatively associated with gross score of noodle making mixed with wheat flour in half and the better rice for noodle making revealed relatively less amount of solid extraction during boiling. The more volume expansion of batters for making brown rice bread resulted the better loaf formation and more springiness in rice bread. The higher protein rices produced relatively the more moist white rice bread. The springiness of rice bread was also significantly correlated with high amylose content and hard gel consistency. The completely chalky and large gram rices showed better suitability for fermentation and brewing. Our breeding efforts on rice quality improvement for the future should focus on enhancement of palatability of cooked rice and marketing qualify as well as the diversification in morphological and physicochemical characteristics of rice grain for various value-added rice food processings.

• 복식
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• 제2권
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• pp.73-88
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• 1978

This article is an attempt to explain, at least in part, the contemporary Korean women's consciousness of Western Dreasses. As time changes, the role of clothing undergoes varisous transitions, while values and ways of life are constantly in change. It is, therefore, proper and appropriate to recognize as among the major aspects of social psychology such phenomenon as interests, understanding of clothing, the choice of a dress, and attitudes toward clothing, etc. The purpose of this study is to discover problems concerning and their clothing and their solutions, by means of a surveying approach. The method of research used is based upon questionares distributed to parents of first-year pupils in elementary schools and to female clerks working in offices, covering the period from August through October, 1976. The number of the questionares distrubuted totalled 600, and 526 were returned to the research to be utilized for analysis. The contents of the survey included such things as values concerning clothing, kinds of clothing and their practical use, the selection of clothing and the method of purchase, fashions, etc. The classification of aquisition are self-made clothing, clothing made to order and ready-made materials. It is composed of 25 items, including affirmative reasons as well as negative ones. The processing of the material returned was made by using the computer, and based upon classifications such as ages, monthly income, occupations; thus diagraming the result in percentages. The conclusion made and the improvements proposed are as follows: 1. The values of clothing were placed on the expression of the wearer's personality (32.7) and on eauty(28. 6%). The lower age group places is stress upon the expression of personality, while the higher age group stresses beauty. About 50% of wearers are contented with their clothing, their clothing, the rest of whom them indicating their dissatisfaction with what they wear. As to designs at the time of selection, about 46% indicated their preference of personal expression, 31.8% on usefulness. In selecting material, practicality is emphasized; in selecting patterns, single color is preferred. In short, personal expression and esthetic values are primary, with consideration of practicality in mind. 2. The classification of clothing according to their uses indicates the highest numbers in normal wear (home wears) and clothings to be worn outside home. As to evening dresses, (party dress) only one or two articles were checked by many, and no such article was clamed to be possessed by most. The highest ratio of wearing was shown in the case of home wear (47.3%) and clothing to be worn outside the home, which is 55.8%. The budget for one article of clothing was greatest in the case of home wear, and clothing worn outside the home. Many used both kinds of articles for the same purpose. It is desirable, therefore, that the kinds of clothing should be varied according to the purpose for which they are worn, and that clothing appropriate for that purpose should be worn. 3. The motivation for purchasing clothing was highly chosen in the item of seasonal change, which was 55.7%; Clothing deliberately made was indicated by 45.2%. In the mothods of purchasing clothing, clothing made to order and ready-made was indicated by 44.4%, which is the highest; Clothing made to order was 25.4%, and self-sewing was 1.1%, which is the lowest. (1) In the case of self-sewing, "I like it but it is very hard," was checked by 43.6%; "It is so difficult that I cannot wear such clothing" was checked by 13.3%. From these, we can conclude that the questionees are willing to make clothing by themselves, but techniques involved in sewing and at her problems involved in the skill are complicated but when those problems are eliminated there is a possibility for practice. The response checked by questionees concerning the self-sewing was, "It's economical", which is a clear indication that many questionees are positive for self-sewing. It is generally believed that ready-made clothing is cheaper, but it is not necessarily so. In consideration of the quality of clothing, self-sewing is a necessity, and it is desirable that it should be encouraged. (3) Problems involved in ready-made clothing, such as designs, skills, size (fitting) should be eliminated. When these problems are scientifically gotten rid of, it is possible that affirmative returns will be expected. Affirmative responses such as "Ready-made clothing is economical," "You can select there on the spot," are good signs that many women expect to wear ready-made clothing. It is in this sense that the prospect for ready-made clothing is brighter when much development for ready-made clothing is on the way. 4. Much concern for fashion are checked in such item of questions as "Fashionable clothing in the show window," "Clothes worn by women." The first item was checked by 50.1 %, and the second was checked by 48.6%. The reason for following fashion is "Because many people wear them," which was indicated by 30.4%. The reason for not following fashion is "It is too expensive," which was checked by 29.6%. The 26.2% of the answers indicated that "Fashionable clothing is devoid of personality," The influences of fashion over the development of fashion over the development of clothing are two-fold: Esthetic and active. It is not to be deniable that people follow fashion more or less. 1978.9>

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.50-65
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• 1988

This study was conducted in order to grasp the condition of about the school nurse's service and to offer the basic materials of improving the school health service. The objects were comprised of 98 volunteered school nurses who take service in the elementary school. The material of this study was the questionaire suited to the purpose of this research which has been made through studying references and this questionaire has been corrected and revised three times. All the questionaire written by school-nurses. The results are as follows; 1. General features of the objects of study Average age was 35.9 and average career was 9.2 years. Except working as school-nurse, the past career was that average clinical-field was 3.4 years and health service was 4 months. Their educational level was as high as 72.4% of the objects were graduated from above 3 years college and 89.8% were married. 76.5% have religions and 94.8% were working at with national and public schools. 99.0% were doing only nursing service. 2. The conditions of the school health resources. The ratio of school-nurse to students was one to 2630. School-nurse to classes, one to 49.3, and school-nurse to teachers, one to 54. For total amount of a year budget of school health, from three hundred thousands to fifty nine hundred thousands won was most common. Expenses for purchasing medicine were used most. 58.2% of school-nurses hasn't known a year budget. There was an organization for school health in 74.2% of schools. 42.9% of nursing rooms were in the center of school and 88.8% were on first floor. Nursing room were used alone without being used by another purpose and the room size of 71.6% was below 10 pyong. 3. The conditions of school health service Average users of nursing room were 413 a month. The most of them had digestive trouble. Sending letters to home was 15.9 times a year. The most contents of letters was about health education. Object spent much time managing nursing room. 4. The degree of school health service When 2 points was given to "perform" and 1 point was to "not perform" the total average was 1.75, health education 1.89, environmental management 1.86, plan of project and evaluation 1.83, management of nursing room 1.82, health management 1.78, run of school health organization 1.32. 5. Correlation between the school health services and variables (1) The part of project plan and evaluation of school health service has relationship to existence or none-existence of school health organization (P<0.01), past health service career (P<0.05), number of classes (P<0.01), number of students (P<0.01), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01) and number of users (P<0.05). (2) The part of nursing room management has relationship to ages (P<0.05) past clinical career (P<0.05), number of classes (P<0.05), number of students (P<0.05) and sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01). (3) The part of health education has relationship to existence or none-existence of school health organization (P<0.05), past clinical career (P<0.05), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05) and the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.01). (4) The part of environmental management to ages (P<0.01), career as a school-nurse (P<0.01), salary step(P<0.01), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.01), sending all letters to home (P<0.001), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05), the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.05) and area of school-nurse's room to be used. (5) The part of school health organization management to number of classes (P<0.05). (6) The part of health management to number of classes (P<0.05), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.001), sending all of letters to home (P<0.01) and the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05). (7) The part of school health service to ages (P<0.05), past clinical career (P<0.05), past health career (P<0.01), number of classes (P<0.05), number of student (P<0.05), sending letters to home about health education (P<0.05), sending all letters to home (P<0.05), the ratio of health management to school nurse's all work (P<0.05), the ratio of health education to school nurse's all work (P<0.01) and area of school - nurse's room to be used (P<0.05). ## Suggestion for further studies are as follows. 1. School-nurse should exert herself to advance a quality to take care of school population's health. 2. It is necessary that systematic support required to keep school population's health. 3. Home, school and community should make efforts cooperatively and the proper roles of students, teachers, health team members and parents must be achieved.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2006

배경: 전 폐정맥 환류 이상의 치료성적은 과거에 비해 많이 향상되었으나, 폐정맥 협착은 아직까지 수술 후에 발생하는 심각한 합병증으로 남아있다. 폐정맥 협착의 발생을 감소시키기 위하여 본원에서는 좋은 시야 확보, 적절한 배치, 충분한 개구부의 크기가 중요하다고 생각하고 이러한 원칙하에서 시행한 본원의 경험을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 1월부터 2005년 2월까지 전 폐정맥 환류 이상으로 진단 받고, 양심실 교정이 가능한 환자 74명을 대상으로 하였다. 상 심장형이 41명(55.4%)으로 가장 많았다. 평균 심폐기 가동시간은 $92.1{\pm}25.9$분, 대동맥 차단 시간은 $39.1{\pm}10.6$분이었고, 순환 정지를 시행한 환자는 30명(40.5%)이었고 평균 시간은 $30.2{\pm}10.7$분이었다. 평균 추적관찰기간은 $41.4{\pm}29.1$개월이었고, 모든 환자에서 추적관찰이 가능하였다. 결과: 수술 당시 나이의 중간값은 28.5일($0{\sim}478$일), 체중은 3.4 kg $(1.4{\sim}9kg)$이었다. 조기사망은 3명(4.1%)이었고, 원인은 폐동맥 고혈압, 패혈증, 돌연사(sudden death)가 각각 1명씩 있었다. 수술 후 폐정맥 폐쇄는 2명(2.7%)으로 조기가 1명, 만기가 1명이었다. 모두 관상 정맥동으로 연결되는 심장형 전폐정맥 환류 이상을 가진 환자들이었고, 심장외부에서 공통 폐정맥과 좌심방의 후벽을 연결하는 재수술을 시행 받았지만 그 중 한 명은 지속적인 폐정맥 협착으로 사망하였다. 5년 생존율과 5년간 폐정맥 협착을 피할 확률은 각각 $94.5{\pm}2.7%$와 $97.2{\pm}2.0%$였다. 결론: 본원에서 시행한 양심실 교정이 가능한 전 폐정맥 환류 이상 환자의 수술에서 심장외부에서 좌심방의 후벽과 공통 폐정맥을 연결한 환자들에서는 폐정맥의 협착이 발생하지 않았다. 따라서 본원에서 가지고 있는 원칙이 폐정맥 협착을 예방하는 데 효과적인 방법이라고 생각된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2016

The study evaluated methods to measure condensable fine particles in flue gases and measured particulate matter by fuel and material to get precise concentrations and quantities. As a result of the method evaluation, it is required to improve test methods for measuring Condensable Particulate Matter (CPM) emitted after the conventional Filterable Particulate Matter (FPM) measurement process. Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) based on the evaluated analysis process showed that RSD percentages of FPM and CPM were around 27.0~139.5%. As errors in the process of CPM measurement and analysis can be caused while separating and dehydrating organic and inorganic materials from condensed liquid samples, transporting samples, and titrating ammonium hydroxide in the sample, it is required to comply with the exact test procedures. As for characteristics of FPM and CPM concentrations, CPM had about 1.6~63 times higher concentrations than FPM, and CPM caused huge increase in PM mass concentrations. Also, emission concentrations and quantities varied according to the characteristics of each fuel, the size of emitting facilities, operational conditions of emitters, etc. PM in the flue gases mostly consisted of CPM (61~99%), and the result of organic/inorganic component analysis revealed that organic dusts accounted for 30~88%. High-efficiency prevention facilities also had high concentrations of CPM due to large amounts of $NO_x$, and the more fuels, the more inorganic dusts. As a result of comparison between emission coefficients by fuel and the EPA AP-42, FPM had lower result values compared to that in the US materials, and CPM had higher values than FPM. For the emission coefficients of the total PM (FPM+CPM) by industry, that of thermal power stations (bituminous coal) was 71.64 g/ton, and cement manufacturing facility (blended fuels) 18.90 g/ton. In order to estimate emission quantities and coefficients proper to the circumstances of air pollutant-emitting facilities in Korea, measurement data need to be calculated in stages by facility condition according to the CPM measurement method in the study. About 80% of PM in flue gases are CPM, and a half of which are organic dusts that are mostly unknown yet. For effective management and control of PM in flue gases, it is necessary to identify the current conditions through quantitative and qualitative analysis of harmful organic substances, and have more interest in and conduct studies on unknown materials' measurements and behaviors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1619-1637
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• 2000

A review was undertaken to obtain information on the range of beak-trimming methods available or under development. Beak-trimming of commercial layer replacement pullets is a common yet critical management tool that can affect the performance for the life of the flock. The most obvious advantage of beak-trimming is a reduction in cannibalism although the extent of the reduction in cannibalism depends on the strain, season, and type of housing, flock health and other factors. Beak-trimming also improves feed conversion by reducing food wastage. A further advantage of beak-trimming is a reduction in the chronic stress associated with dominance interactions in the flock. Beak-trimming of birds at 7-10 days is favoured by Industry but research over last 10 years has shown that beak-trimming at day-old causes the least stress on birds and efforts are needed to encourage Industry to adopt the practice of beak-trimming birds at day-old. Proper beak-trimming can result in greatly improved layer performance but improper beak-trimming can ruin an other wise good flock of hens. Re-trimming is practiced in most flocks, although there are some flocks that only need one trimming. Given the continuing welfare scrutiny of using a hot blade to cut the beak, attempts have been made to develop more welfare friendly methods of beak-trimming. Despite the developments in design of hot blade beak-trimmers the process has remained largely unchanged. That is, a red-hot blade cuts and cauterises the beak. The variables in the process are blade temperature, cauterisation time, operator ability, severity of trimming, age of trimming, strain of bird and beak length. This method of beak-trimming is still overwhelmingly favoured in Industry and there appears to be no other alternative procedures that are more effective. Sharp secateurs have been used trim the upper beak of both layers and turkeys. Bleeding from the upper mandible ceases shortly after the operation, and despite the regrowth of the beak a reduction of cannibalism has been reported. Very few differences have been noted between behaviour and production of the hot blade and cold blade cut chickens. This method has not been used on a large scale in Industry. There are anecdotal reports of cannibalism outbreaks in birds with regrown beaks. A robotic beak-trimming machine was developed in France, which permitted simultaneous, automated beak-trimming and vaccination of day-old chicks of up to 4,500 chickens per hour. Use of the machine was not successful because if the chicks were not loaded correctly they could drop off the line, receive excessive beak-trimming or very light trimming. Robotic beak-trimming was not effective if there was a variation in the weight or size of chickens. Capsaicin can cause degeneration of sensory nerves in mammals and decreases the rate of beak regrowth by its action on the sensory nerves. Capsaicin is a cheap, non-toxic substance that can be readily applied at the time of less severe beak-trimming. It suffers the disadvantage of causing an extreme burning sensation in operators who come in contact with the substance during its application to the bird. Methods of applying the substance to minimise the risk to operators of coming in contact with capsaicin need to be explored. A method was reported which cuts the beaks with a laser beam in day-old chickens. No details were provided on the type of laser used, or the severity of beak-trimming, but by 16 weeks the beaks of laser trimmed birds resembled the untrimmed beaks, but without the bill tip. Feather pecking and cannibalism during the laying period were highest among the laser trimmed hens. Currently laser machines are available that are transportable and research to investigate the effectiveness of beak-trimming using ablasive and coagulative lasers used in human medicine should be explored. Liquid nitrogen was used to declaw emu toes but was not effective. There was regrowth of the claws and the time and cost involved in the procedure limit the potential of using this process to beak-trim birds.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2003

목 적 : 최근 진단이 증가하고 있는 급성 국소성 세균성 신장염은 신장염의 범주 중에서도 진행된 형태의 것으로 일반적인 요로 감염과는 진단 및 치료에 있어서 차이를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 급성 국소성 세균성 신장염이 가지는 임상적 양상을 방사선학적으로 이상을 동반하지 않는 일반적인 요로 감염과 비교하고, 방사선학적 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월부터 2002년 5월까지 본원에 요 배양 검사상 양성 소견을 보인 요로 감염 환아들 중 초음파와 DMSA상 급성 국소성 세균성 신장염의 진단 기준에 맞는 생후 1개월에서 12개월 이하의 환아 22명을 대상으로 하였고, 대조군으로는 환아들과 동일한 시기에 요로 감염으로 입원하여 실시한 요 배양검사가 양성이며 방사선학적으로는 이상이 없는 환아 중 연령의 분포와 성별이 같은 22명으로 하여, 이들의 증상 및 임상적 검사소견, 방사선학적 특징을 분류하였다. 결 과 : 1) 급성 국소성 세균성 신장염은 주로 1개월에서 12개월 사이의 연령 대에서 호발하였으며 환자군에서 남아의 비율이 63.7%로 여아보다 높았다. 2) 급성 국소성 세균성 신장염과 일반적인 요로 감염 환자군간의 임상적 증상은 차이가 없었으나 입원 치료 기간은 환자군에서 더 기간이 긴 것으로 나타났다. 3) 급성 국소성 세균성 신장염 환자군의 경우 대조군보다 적혈구 침강 속도 및 CRP가 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4) 요 배양 검사상 원인균의 비율은 양군에서 모두 대장균이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 5) 방사선학적 검사상 급성 국소성 세균성 신장염은 초음파상 주로 증가된 반향을 보이고 병변 부위의 혈류량은 감소되어 있었고 쐐기 모양 또는 구형 모양의 종괴 양상을 보이며, 병변의 위치는 주로 신장의 상엽, 좌측 신장, 편측성 발생을 보였다. 6) DMSA상 보인 신 피질 섭취의 결손상은 초음파상에 보였던 병변과 일치하였으며 초음파보다 초기 병변의 발견에 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 7) 환자군에서 재발은 3례에서 보였으며, 16례의 추적 검사상 13례에서 방사선학적 호전을 보였고, 신 농양이나 염증의 파급 소견은 없어 항생제의 치료만으로 좋은 예후를 보였다. 결 론 : 급성 국소성 세균성 신장염은 일반적인 요로 감염과 임상적 양상만으로는 구분이 어려워 방사선학적 진단이 꼭 필요한 반면, 염증의 정도가 다르고 임상적 검사소견과 필요한 치료기간에 있어서 차이를 보이므로 일반적인 요로 감염으로 입원한 경우에도 반드시 비뇨 방사선학적 검사를 통하여 이를 가려내고 적절한 치료를 시행하여야 한다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2007

목 적: 골수 또는 주변 줄기세포 이식을 목적으로 시행하는 전신방사선 조사시, 표면선량의 증가를 위하여 사용되어지는 산란판(beam spoiler)과 환자간의 거리에 따른 표면선량 변화를 측정하여 적정거리를 찾고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구를 위해 6 MV X선을 사용하였으며, 조직등가고체팬텀($30{\times}30{\times}30cm^3$)과 평형평판형 전리함 및 전위계를 사용하였다. 선원에서 기준이 되는 팬텀 중심까지의 거리를 400 cm로 위치시키고 조사야 $40{\times}40cm^2$에서 얻은 측정치를 기준값으로 하였다. 또한 평형평판형 전리함을 고체팬텀의 선원 쪽 표면과 선원 반대쪽 표면에 각각 위치시켜 입사지점 선량과 출구지점 선량을 측정하였다. 산란판과 환자와의 적정 거리를 연구하기 위하여 조직 등가 고체 팬텀과 산란판 간의 거리를 $1{\sim}200cm$ 까지 변화시켜 가며 표면 선량을 측정하였다. 이때 조직등가 고체 팬텀은 고정시키고 산란판을 선원방향으로 일정한 간격으로 변화시켜 입사지점 선량과 출구지점 선량을 측정하였으며 이 값을 기측정된 팬텀 중심부 선량으로 나누어 백분율로 분석하였다. 각각의 경우에 대해 MU는 300씩 조사하였다. 결 과: 기준이 되는 체내 중심 선량을 처방 선량으로 간주하였고 산란판의 유무에 관계없이 체내 중심 선량과 출구 선량은 각각 10.7 cGy, 6.7 cGy로 측정되었다. 조직 등가 고체 팬텀과 산란판 사이의 간격이 $50{\sim}60cm$일 때 입사지점 선량 값은 $14.58{\sim}14.92cGy$로 측정되어 기준점 대비 $99.4{\sim}101%$ 범위를 보임에 따라 표면 선량값이 처방선량에 가장 근접한 값으로 측정되었다. 결 론: 본 실험 결과 전신방사선조사시, 조직등가 고체팬텀과 산란판 사이의 간격이 $50{\sim}60cm$일 때 표면선량을 처방선량에 가장 근접하게 조사할 수 있다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 산란판과 환자와의 거리를 $50{\sim}60cm$에 위치시켜 표면선량의 over dose나 under dose의 발생 방지를 위한 주의가 반드시 필요하겠다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2014

자동노출제어를 이용한 X선 흉부촬영에서 AEC 위치를 알 수 있도록 고안 된 AEC 표지자 사용에 따른 환자 피폭선량 감소 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 흉부전용 디지털 X선 장비(DRS, LISTEM, Korea)를 이용하여 흉부촬영 검사를 하여야 하는 성인 남녀 880명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상환자 모두에서 자동노출제어(이온 전리조 양측 상단 2개 사용) 사용하여 촬영하였다. 조사야 크기는 $17{\times}17inch$, 관전압은 120kVp, 촬영거리는 180cm로 설정 하였다. 대조군 440명은 Detector 내에 양측 폐가 위치하도록 하여 촬영하였고, 실험군 440명은 이온 전리조 위치를 방사선사가 알 수 있도록 표지자를 만든 후 이온 전리조 위치에 양측 폐를 위치 할 수 있도록하여 촬영하였다. 모든 환자의 나이, 몸무게, 키와 DAP 값을 측정 하였으며, PCXMC2.0을 이용하여 환자의 유효선량 값을 계산 하였다. 대조군 440명(M:F=245:195)의 평균 나이는 53.9세였으며, 평균 BMI는 23.4였다. BMI 분포는 저체중 35명, 정상 279명, 과체중 106명, 비만 20명이었고, 평균 DAP는 $223.56mGycm^2$, 평균유효선량은 0.045mSv 였다. 실험군 440명(M:F=197:243)의 평균 나이는 53.7세 였고, 평균BMI는 22.7이었다. BMI 분포는 저체중 34명, 정상 316명, 과체중 85명, 비만 5명이었고, 평균 DAP는 $207.36mGycm^2$, 평균유효선량은 0.041mSv 였다. 평균유효선량은 실험군이 대조군에 비해 0.004mSv(9.7%) 감소하였다. 실험군 유효선량 표준편차의 2배인 0.056mSv 이상의 과다피폭을 받은 환자는 실험군에 비하여 대조군에서 많았다 (65명(14.7%) 대 19명(4.3%), p=0.006, t-test). 자동노출제어를 이용한 X선 흉부촬영에서 환자에 맞는 정확한 선량을 위해서는 이온 전리조 위치와 검사부위를 일치 시켜야 하며 따라서 이온 전리조 위치를 알 수 있도록 고안한 표시 방법은 환자가 받을 수 있는 불필요한 방사선 피폭을 줄일 수 있는 방법이다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

목적 : 반월상 연골 파열에서 봉합술을 시행한 62례의 환자를 대상으로 임상적 분석을 실시하고, 이들 중 Linvatec suture를 사용한 군과 meniscal arrow를 사용한 군의 임상적 결과를 비교 분석하는데 있다. 대상 및 방법 : 1997년 5월부터 1998년 6월까지 반월상 연골이 파열되어 관절경적 봉합술을 시행받은 환자 68명, 68례 중 Linvatec suture를 사용한 경우가 46례였고(A군) meniscal arrow를 사용한 경우가 16례였으며(B군), 두 가지 방법을 병행하여 사용한 경우가 6례였다. 이 중 두 가지 방법을 병행하여 사용한 6례를 제외한 62례를 대상으로 하였다. 62례의 성별은 남자 52명$(84\%)$, 여자 10명$(16\%)$이었고, 환자들의 평균 연령은 26.9세(6-51세)였다. 평균 추시 기간은 18.5개월(12-26개월)이었다. 술 후 임상적 결과 판정은 Tapper와 Hoover의 분류를 기준으로 하였으며 최종 추시 시 동통, 잠김, 불안정 등의 주관적 증상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한 수술 시 연골 봉합술에 소요된 시간을 측정하였다. 결과 : 총 62례의 임상적 결과는 우수 47례$(76\%)$, 양호 12례$(19\%)$ 보통 3례$(5\%)$였다. 이 중 A군은 우수가 35례$(76\%)$, 양호가 9례$(20\%)$, 보통이 2례$(4\%)$였으며, B군은 우수가 12례$(75\%)$ 양호가 3례$(19\%)$, 보통이 1례$(6\%)$로 두 군간의 통계학적 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 수술시 봉합술에 소요된 시간은 A군은 평균 40분($27\~52$분)이었으며, B군은 평균 20분($15\~40$분)이었다(p<0.05). 결론 : 반월상 연골의 파열 시 파열 형태나 크기, 위치 및 동반 손상의 유무에 따라 적절한 봉합 방법을 선택하면 수술 시간과 합병증을 줄이면서 임상적으로 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.