• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
• /
• pp.49-49
• /
• 2014

South Korea is covered primarily by temperate vegetation; therefore, foliicolous lichens may not be expected to play an important role in its lichen flora. Indeed, more than 100 years after the first lichen record from South Korea reported by Hue, the paper "Pyrenocarpous lichens in Korea" published by Moon and Aptroot, reported on the presence of two foliicolous lichens, Strigula nemathora Mont, and S. smaragdula Fr., for the first time in South Korea. No detailed reports on foliicolous lichens have since been published in South Korea. In Japan, the neighboring country, approximately 83 foliicolous lichen species are distributed at the southernmost part under temperate to subtropical climatic conditions. However, a large number of foliicolous lichens, with many recent records, have been reported in neighboring countries like China and Taiwan. According to Thor et al., studies on foliicolous lichen flora of Asia are comparatively poor compared to those reported from America. There are six lichenogeographical regions: the Neotropics, Valdivia, Tethyan, African Paleotropics, eastern Paleotropics, and Neozelandic-Tasmanian, which are demarcated based on the known worldwide distribution pattern of foliicolous lichen flora. South Korea belongs to the eastern paleotropic region, where a higher number of local endemic foliicolous lichens have been reported. So far, there are a total of six known foliicolous lichen taxa from South Korea; S. concreta, S. macrocarpa, S. melanobapha, S. nemathora, S. smaragdula, and S. subelegans from Jeju Island. So far, the genus Strigula is the only known representative of the foliicolous lichen flora in South Korea. Among the recorded species, S. concreta, S. smaragdula, and S. subelegans are abundant and widespread. Japan, the closest area to Jeju Island, has the same distribution pattern of foliicolous lichens, with S. smaragdula, S. melanobapha, and S. subtilissima. Pollen studies conducted by Chung reported that changes in vegetation on Jeju Island, due mainly to deglacial warming and the influence of geographical change, resulted from sea-level rises. In general, all of the foliicolous lichens observed so far were restricted to the southernmost part of South Korea, particularly Jeju Island. Island might be influenced by its geographical setting. One reason could be the close dispersal distances of spores and vegetative propagules from areas such as the southern part of Japan and eastern part of China, where more foliicolous lichens can be found. Thor et al. also showed that the southern part of Japan harbors more foliicolous lichens than the northern part. Considering that China is close to Jeju Island, many foliicolous lichens, including S. concreta, S. macrocarpa, S. nemanthora, and S. smaragdula, have been reported from Yunnan province, the southernmost part of China. Geographically, this province is far away from Jeju Island. In other provinces, such as Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang, which are closer to Jeju Island, no foliicolous lichens have been recorded so far. Therefore, the chance of spores and propagules coming from such closer areas is questionable. Thus, the location of origin of ancestors of foliicolous lichens of South Korea and the time and means of their invasion of this island is controverisial. The current study would lead the way to finding answers to the above mentioned questions.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 1986

토양추출물, 인삼삼출물과 용액이 Pseudomonas sp. P. fluorescens 및 Erwinia carotovora에 미치는 화학주성은 토양추출물처리, 삼출물 및 용액은 증류수 보다 이들 세균이동에 영향을 나타냈다. 고무관내 흙속으로 세균의 이동성은 P. fluorescens가 토양추출물처리 삼출물에서 주성을 나타냈으나, P. sp 와 E. caotovora는 주성이 없었다. 세균주성에 미치는 진균의 삼출액은 이동에 영향력을 나타내지 못하였다. 고무관내 흙을 진균으로 접종한 후에 세균의 주성은 Pseudomonas sp. 에서는 주성이 나타나지 않았으나, P. fluorescens와 E. carotovora는 F. solani, F. oxysporum 및 혼합균처리에서는 주성이 나타났다. Alternaria panax는 이들 세균에 대해 주성이 없었으나, E. carotovora는 A. panax에 대해 주성이 있었다. 토양유기물함량은 김포, 강화의 나병지와 건전지에는 낮았고, K함량은 김포의 건전지에 높았다. 세균분포는 괴산의 나병 및 건전지와 강화건전지에 진균은 금산 괴산의 나병 및 건전지에 많이 분포되었다. 방선균은 괴산건전지에 특히 많이 분포하였고 다음이 풍기나병지였다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.110-114
• /
• 2007

콩나물 탄저병균 포자에 대한 열처리효과를 조사한 결과 $65^{\circ}C$에 30분까지 건열처리 하였을 때는 균의 사멸효과가 50% 정도에 불과하여, 건열처리는 나물콩 살균에 활용할 수 없었다. 병원균은 $55^{\circ}C$에서 20분 이상, 또는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 습열처리하면 완전히 사멸하였고, 부생성 세균 사멸효과도 높은 것으로 나타났다. $55^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 습열처리 조건하에서는, 발아장애 및 하배축 기형은 발생하지 않았으나, 20%의 탄저병균 분생포자가 생존하였기 때문에 실용적가치가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 종자발아 및 하배축 기형이 발생하지 않는 최적 열처리 조건인 $60^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 습열처리를 실제 콩나물 재배 공정모델에 적용한 결과 탄저병 발생이 완전히 방제되어, 품질이 우수한 콩나물을 생산하게 되었다 따라서 이는 확립된 부패방지기술로서 적용이 가능하다고 판단되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2003

A protocol has been developed for rapid large scale clonal propagation of an aromatic endangered medicinal plant, Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. with the elimination of the problems such as premature leaf fall and callus formation during caulogenesis and rhizogenesis. Multiple shoots were induced from shoot tip and nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/L Napthaleneaceticacid (NAA). Addition of 15 mg/L adenine sulphate to the above medium checked leaf abscission completely, reduced the time required for caulogenesis and restored morphogenetic potential after several subcultures. The in vitro grown propagules were rooted in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L Indolebutyric acid (IBA) +1 mg/L NAA and sucrose 0.7% (w/v). Addition of charcoal at 100 mg/L to the rooting medium quickened root initiation with a complete check on callus formation. The effect of sucrose concentration on both caulogenesis and rhizogenesis was also studied. The resultant plantlets were acclimatized and grown in fields where ninety eight percent of the rooted shoots survived and grew normally. The estimation of the secondary metabolite content in the shoots of the regenerated plant and the mother plant indicated that the concentration of the three secondary metabolites lupeol, vanillin and rutin was similar.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.165-168
• /
• 1997

1. 맹아의 지상부 출현율은 외관상 눈이 있었던 근경의 경우 노천매장 후 $25^{\circ}C$의 온실내 포트에 이식한 근경에서 가장 높은 맹아출현율(95%)을 보였으며 외관상 눈이 없었던 근경의 경우에 노천매장 후 $15^{\circ}C$의 생장상내 포트에 이식한 근경이 75%로 가장 높은 맹아출현율을 나타냈다. 2. 외관상 눈의 유무에 관계없이 노천매장 후 $15^{\circ}C$의 생장상내 포트에 이식한 근경에서는 근경당 1개의 맹아가 출아되는 경향이었으며 노천매장 후 $25^{\circ}C$의 온실내 포트에 이식한, 외관상 눈이 있었던 근경에서 근경당 2개 이상의 맹아가 출아되는 경향이 현저하였다. 3. 외관상 눈의 유무와는 관계없이 층적매장 후 $25^{\circ}C$의 온실내 포트에 이식한 근경에서 출현한 개체의 초장이 가장 길었으며 외관산 눈이 있었던 근경의 경우에 충적매장 후 $25^{\circ}C$의 온실내 포트에 이식한 근경에서 출현한 개체가 최대의 엽면적을 나타냈다. 4. 외관상 눈이 있었던 근경의 경우에 노천매장 후 $25^{\circ}C$의 온실내 포트에 이식한 근경에서 출현한 개체의 뿌리가 가장 길었으며 이들 뿌리에서 새로 생성되어 출아한 신아수는 외관상 눈이 있었던 근경의 경우에는 무처리에서, 눈이 없었던 경우에는 층적매장에서 가장 많은 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 1985

The study was carried out to confirm the changes of soil physico-chemical properties and population of Fusarium solani by soil managements at preplanning fields for ginseng cultivation. Soil porosity and aggregation had been significantly increased during the managements while exchangeable nitrogen content and bulk density of the soil had been decreased. Available phosphate and exchangeable potassium content, in addition, seemed to be slightly increased. And soil aggregation showed positive correlation with clay, organic matter, soil moisture, and Ca content in the soil but negative with K content. Decrease rate of NH4-N and NO3-N content after soil managements were 55% and 41% in average, respectively. And better decrease effect for NH4-N was obtained in sand loam soil whereas no effect for NO3-N with soil textures. The more ploughing seemed to result in less propagules of F solani in the soil, however there was non significant decrease in population of the pathogen after the soil management. Number of F. solani in soil was significantly less in the fields where gramineous and leguminous crops had been grown as a precrop than other crops tested. Meanwhile there was no correlation between soil texture and population of the pathogen in the soil.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.152-158
• /
• 2003

Stromata of the white root rot fungus, Rosellinia necatrix, were produced on diseased roots although they were reported to develop rarely in nature. Forty-two (42) out of 47 samples produced synnemata while 23 developed stromata. Forty-seven (47) isolates obtained from diseased root samples were divided into 24 mycelium compatibility groups (MCGs). Sixteen (16) out of 24 MCGs produced stromata. Single ascospore isolates from 10 stroma samples produced dsRNA-containing isolates from diseased tissue beneath stromata. The frequency of synnema production on axenic culture varied among isolates with different origin. The dsRNA was not transmitted vertically to the ascospore offspring despite the infection of various dsRNA in the parental isolates. The dsRNA was absent in 35 ascospore isolates in two stroma samples that originated from the isolates, in which dsRNA was not eliminated by hyphal tip isolation. Consequently, sexual reproduction in the white root rot fungus was suggested to produce propagules as a new infection source and to have the function to eliminate infectious factors such as mycoviruses.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.305-310
• /
• 2006

Succession of artificial seaweed communities in an artificial iron reef at Ikata, southern Japan was studied based on monthly or bimonthly observations from February 1999 to August 2000. Communities were associated with different substrata (40 cm x 60 cm: steel, concrete, wood and stone) as the cover on artificial iron reefs (4.5 m x 4.1 m x 2.5 m, 45.38 m3 and 3.2 ton), which were placed on a sandy substratum at 8 m depth. Within one month diatoms dominated on all substrata with cover of approximately 100%. Enteromorpha intestinalis and Colpomenia sinuosa dominated on the reef within three months after the placement in the spring. Seaweed communities on the reef decreased during the summer. In the winter, the seaweeds on the reef recovered. Sargassum spp., Ecklonia kurome and Padina arborescens dominated on each substratum after one year. Seaweed communities on the artificial reef were similar to those on the rocky substratum around the artificial reef and also similar on different substrata covering the iron artificial reef. These results indicate that seaweed succession was impacted by season and the recruitment of spores and propagules from mature algae around the artificial reefs.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2002

딸기탄저병의 발병특성은 정식 직후 격발하다가 시간이 지날수록 발병율이 감소하였으며, 11월 이후에는 발병이 감소하였다. 정식 직후에는 주로 런너로 침입하였으나 엽병 제거 후는 제거한 상처부위로 주로 침입을 하였다. 식물체의 부위별로는 런너에서 가장 강한 병원력을 보였으며 접종방법별로는 생장점 부위로 관주를 할 경우 가장 발병율이 높았다. 딸기탄저병에 의해 고사된 포기를 제거한 자리에 건전한 포기를 심었을 경우 옮겨 심은 포기에서는 발병이 되지 않았다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2006

A total of 34 species belonging to 21 genera of fungi were recorded on passion fruits of both pure and hybrid origin in Uganda, however, the pure type exhibited wider spectrum (28 species and 16 genera) than the hybrid type (21 & 15). Also, yeasts (unidentified and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) were also encountered in high numbers. Moreover, the mean count of all mycobiota obtained from the pure type was higher than that of hybrid, despite the bigger size of the later. Members of yeasts and Cladosporium followed by Phoma, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria species dominated on passion fruits of pure origin, while only C. cladosporioides, F. solani and yeasts dominated on the hybrid type. Treatment with Na-hypochlorite exhibited inhibitory effects on the total mycobiotic propagules as well as the dominant species from fruits of both types. The current results, therefore, suggest the use of Na-hypochlorite to control the post-harvest mycobiota associated with passion fruits. Regarding the mycobiota contaminating passion juice, yeasts were found to be the major contaminants with Candida parapsilosis being the most common. Moulds constituted only a minor proportion with Acremonium strictum followed by Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. moniliforme, F. acuminatum and F. solani as the most dominant species. In the heat-treated juice samples, the counts of the most commonly encountered mycobiota (both yeasts and molds) were significantly inhibited or completely eliminated. Some unidentified Bacillus species were also recovered from the juice, however, their counts in the heated samples were increased but insignificantly.