• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.329-345
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• 2017

This paper devoted to study dynamic interaction between crack and inclusion or void by developing the eXtended Finite Element Methods (XFEM). A novel XFEM approximation is presented for these structures containing multi discontinuities (void, inclusion, and crack). The level set methods are used so that elements that include a crack segment, the boundary of a void, or the boundary of an inclusion are not required to conform to discontinuous edges. The investigation covers the effects of a single circular or elliptical void / stiff inclusion, and multi stiff inclusions on the crack propagation path under dynamic loads. Both the void and the inclusion have a significant effect on the dynamic crack propagation path. The crack initially curves towards into the void, then, the crack moves round the void and propagates away the void. If a large void lies in front of crack tip, the crack may propagate into the void. If an enough small void lies in front of crack tip, the void may have a slight or no influence on the crack propagation path. For a stiff inclusion, the crack initially propagates away the inclusion, then, after the crack moves round the inclusion, it starts to propagate along its original path. As ${\delta}$ (the ratio of the elastic modulus of the inclusion to that of the matrix) increases, a larger curvature of the crack path deflection can be observed. However, as ${\delta}$ increases from 2 to 10, the curvature has an evident increase. By comparison, the curvature has a slight increase, as ${\delta}$ increases from 10 to 1000.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 배향도가 높은 스트랜드와 무배향성의 파티클을 혼합해서 다양한 층구조의 복합체를 제조하여 각종 탄성률을 측정하여 비교하였으며, 초음파법을 적용하여 이방성 적층재료의 층구조에 기인하는 이방성의 정도를 예측하기 위하여 초음파 전파속도와 복합체 면내의 이방성의 관계에 대하여 검토했다. 그 결과 각층구조 복합체의 정적 휨 탄생률 $E_S$는 동적 탄성률 $E_D$와 거의 일치하였으며 $E_U$는 높게 산출되는 경향을 나타내었다. 초음파법을 이용한 복합체의 최외층 스트랜드의 섬유방향(${\parallel}$)과 직각방향(${\bot}$)의 전파속도의 차는 3층 구조, 7층 구조, PB 순으로 크게 나타나 층구조에 의한 이방성의 정도를 나타내고 있었다. 또한 복합체 면내의 양방향간의 전파속도의 차는 스트랜드 표층구조가 파티클 표층구조보다 큰 값을 나타내었으며 스트랜드의 혼합률이 높을수록 각 방향의 전파속도는 빨라지는 경향이었다. 이와는 반대로, 복합체의 두께방향의 전파속도는 파티클 표층구조와 스트랜드의 혼합률이 작을수록 빨라지는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2005년도 6th 2005 International Conference on Computers, Communications and System
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• pp.161-164
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• 2005

As the power of influence of the Internet grows steadily, attacks against the Internet can cause enormous monetary damages nowadays. A worm can not only replicate itself like a virus but also propagate itself across the Internet. So it infects vulnerable hosts in the Internet and then downgrades the overall performance of the Internet or makes the Internet not to work. To response this, worm detection and prevention technologies are developed. The worm detection technologies are classified into two categories, host based detection and network based detection. Host based detection methods are a method which checks the files that worms make, a method which checks the integrity of the file systems and so on. Network based detection methods are a misuse detection method which compares traffic payloads with worm signatures and anomaly detection methods which check inbound/outbound scan rates, ICMP host/port unreachable message rates, and TCP RST packet rates. However, single detection methods like the aforementioned can't response worms' attacks effectively because worms attack the Internet in the distributed fashion. In this paper, we propose a design of distributed worm detection system to overcome the inefficiency. Existing distributed network intrusion detection systems cooperate with each other only with their own information. Unlike this, in our proposed system, a worm detection system on a network in which worms select targets and a worm detection system on a network in which worms propagate themselves cooperate with each other with the direction-aware information in terms of worm's lifecycle. The direction-aware information includes the moving direction of worms and the service port attacked by worms. In this way, we can not only reduce false positive rate of the system but also prevent worms from propagating themselves across the Internet through dispersing the confirmed worm signature.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권12B호
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• pp.1387-1398
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• 2009

최근에 이동국(MS)위치에 대한 정확한 위치 추정이 많이 요구되고 있다. 하지만, 기존 방법을 사용한 위치 추정 방법에는 많은 문제를 가지고 있다. 기지국(BS)은 이동국(MS)에서 전파한 전파를 수신하여 시간 지연에 따른 거리를 측정하고, 이동국(MS)에 근접한 기지국(BS)들을 선택하여 기존의 삼각측정법을 사용하여 위치를 추정한다. 이 방법은 참 위치와 추정된 위치가 많은 오차를 보이고 있다. 본 논문은 이동국(MS)의 위치를 추정하기 위해서 주변 기지국(BS)들을 선택하는 방법과 코사인 제 2법칙을 사용하여 각도를 추정하여 이동국(MS)의 위치를 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해서 기존 방법과 제안한 방법의 비교 검토하여 제안한 방법의 우수성을 증명한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.608-613
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• 2016

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore propagation and long term maintenance is still a complicated technique for farmers. The use of AMF for their ability to promote plant growth and protect plants against pathogen attack and environmental stresses demands AMF propagation for large scale application. This study aimed to propagate AMF spores by trap culture technique and assess their ability to propagate with different host plants in a continuous plant cycle. Mycorrhizal inoculation by trap culture in maize resulted in longer shoots and roots than sudangrass plants. Increase in dry weight with higher percentage also was observed for maize plants. After first and second plant cycle, maize plants had the higher percentage of mycorrhizal response in terms of colonization and arbuscules than sudangrass. Maximum in spore count also achieved in the pots of maize plants. The results show that maize plant is more suitable host plant for AMF spore propagation and trap culture technique can be used effectively to maintain the AMF culture for long time.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.960-966
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• 2012

GPS, WiFi 등을 이용한 위치정보수집이 보편화되고, 트위터와 같은 SNS와 접목을 통해 LBSNS가 증가하고 있다. LBSNS에서 작성된 메시지에는 메시지가 생성된 지역에 대한 위치정보 또는 메시지가 언급하는 지역에 대한 위치정보가 포함될 수 있으므로 위치정보 기반의 관심정보 전파가 가능해진다. 트위터에서는 자신이 전달받은 메시지를 재전송하는 리트윗(retweet)을 통해 정보의 전파가 급속히 이루어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 위치기반의 사용자 관심정보를 효율적으로 전파시키기 위해서 위치기반의 자동 리트윗 기능, 즉 사용자 관심정보를 자동으로 리트윗하는 기능을 스마트 리트윗으로 정의하였다. 트위터를 기반으로 사용자의 관심지역을 설정하고 관심지역이 같은 사용자들 간의 소셜관계를 형성할 수 있도록 한다. 스마트 리트윗 서비스는 트위터 Open API, 구글맵 Open API 등을 기반으로 매쉬업 서비스로 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 스마트 리트윗 서비스를 통해 관심정보의 공유가 활성화 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

This study suggested suitable soil textures that is proper to propagate native plants to manage and restore barren land in DMZ. Germination tests were conducted for 16 native herbaceous plants growing in the DMZ border area in accordance with FAO-BI (Biodiversity International) standards, and the germination rate and T₅₀ in vitro were investigated. In order to examine the germination characteristics according to the soil textures, we used gravel, bed and mixed soil and investigated the germination characteristics under ordinary room temperature conditions in the greenhouse. As a result, it was observed that the germination rate in the greenhouse was significantly decreased compared to the germination rate in vitro of the species advertised due to soil textures. T₅₀ between the in vitro and each soil texture showed significant differences whereas T₅₀ between soil textures alone did not in all species advertised. The germination rate in vitro of Aster koraiensis, Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum, Hosta clausa, and Hosta minor there was no significant difference compared to ordinary room temperature conditions. In addition, as the germination rate is demonstrated more than 70%, which is relatively higher than other species advertised, it is considered to have strong environmentally adaptable. On the other hand, considering that the 6 species of Leontopodium coreanum, Plantago major, Potentilla chinensis, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum latiovalifolium, and Veronica kiusiana demonstrated less than 50% of germination rate in vitro, it is expected to be difficult to propagate without pre-treatment. In order to use these 6 species as restoration material plants, it needs to be considered to pre-treat to improve germination rate, or to enhance the vitality of seeds by improving the seed gathering period and storage method.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2021

Zygotic embryo culture was performed to propagate evergreen oak, Quercus myrsinifolia, which has recalcitrant seeds and is difficult to propagate by cuttings. Zygotic embryos appeared in WPM medium after 14 days, and after 56 days, they developed into complete plants with cotyledons and roots. The medium suitable for zygotic embryo culture was 1/4 WPM medium, showing a shoot growth of 2.43 cm and root growth of 8.7 cm after 8 weeks of culture. As a result of investigating the effect of GA₃ on the growth of plants germinated from zygotic embryos through GA₃ treatment, the best growth was shown in 0.5 mg/l GA₃ treatment. The in vitro rooting and growth of IBA-treated zygotic embryo-derived plants were good in the 0.5 mg/l IBA treatment and rooting and shoot growth were not observed at higher concentrations. And the callus induction rate also increased as the concentration of IBA increased. Plants grown in vitro were transferred to a plastic pot containing artificial soil and acclimatized in a greenhouse for about 4 weeks, resulting in more than 90% survival. As a result of this study, the zygotic embryo culture method was confirmed to be effective for mass propagation of Q. myrsinifolia. The results of this study are expected to contribute significantly to the mass propagation of elite Q. myrsinifolia.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2014

This paper has an aim to study the effect of PWHT(for 140min. at $600^{\circ}C$) on FCAW weld metal properties (tensile, charpy impact and CTOD value) of YS 460 MPa steels for ship and offshore structures. On the basis of these study, it was found that strength was decreased and elongation was increased by PWHT. These phenomenon resulted from the reduction of acicula ferrite volume fraction by grain growth. Also, Charpy impact and CTOD value were decreased by PWHT. These phenomenon resulted from grain growth. Because the grain boundary grown by PWHT can play a role as crack initiation site and make the crack propagate more easily. Although weld metal properties were decreased by PWHT, tensile and impact properties could meet the class societies requirements for welds of YS 460 MPa steel, but decrease of fracture toughness need to be consider seriously.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.351-375
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• 2013

Post-punching resistance of a flat slab can help redistribute the gravity loads and resist progressive collapse of a structure following initial damage. One important difficulty with accounting for the post-punching strength of a slab is the discontinuity that develops following punching shear. A numerical simulation technique is proposed here to model and evaluate post-punching resistance of flat slabs. It is demonstrated that the simulation results of punching shear and post-punching response of the model of a slab on a single column are in good agreement with corresponding experimental data. It is also shown that progressive collapse due to a column removal (explosion) can lead to punching failure over an adjacent column. Such failure can propagate throughout the structure leading to the progressive collapse of the structure. Through post-punching modeling of the slab and accounting for the associated discontinuity, it is also demonstrated that the presence of an adequate amount of integrity reinforcement can provide an alternative load path and help resist progressive collapse.