• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.4-22
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• 1996

Purposes of this study were to identify a hospital-based home care model and to improve the physical, emotional and economical effectiveness of arthritic patients through medical and nursing team approach. The design in nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design with matched samples in terms of age, sex and disease severity. Fifty two patients in each group were assigned in Seoul, Kyunggi, Kangwon and Kwangju. Before and after 6-month period of home care, level of pain, duration of morning stiffness, Richie Index, ADL, self efficacy, depression, cost expenditure were measured. Nine patients were excluded from the control group in the period of study because of denial of participation. Contents of home care provided to the experimental group include mainly distribution of prescribed drugs, 'assessment of patients' condition and side-reactions of drug. All of the information related to the home care patient were reported to the physician. On the bases of these data, the physician prescribe the specific drugs to each patient. Each patient visited the physician every 2 or 3 month for laboratory test. Patients assigned to the control group visited the outpatient clinic once a month as usual. Null hypotheses were selected because physicians concerned about the ineffective change of patients' conditions due to indirect communication with patients through nurses. Level of pain, Richie index, ADL, self-efficacy, depression, duration of morning stiffness and direct medical cost were the home care provided to them. If a family member accompany in a home care group can save 10,676 Won/month in Seoul, 34,000 Won/month in other districts. Other in-direct cost for transportation and meal can also be saved. In conclusion, those patients with low level of ADL, high level of pain and Richie index, living in the remote area definitely need the home care.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.561-578
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• 2012

This study was performed in order to compare a change in pharmaceutical expenditures per outpatient of clinic and to analyze factors relevant to a systems as part of evaluating policies for the incentive scheme to reduce total prescribed drug expenditure and for the drug utilization review system("DUR system" hereafter). For this, it had finally analytical subjects as 21,320 clinics nationwide without a change in location, clinics symbol and signed subject during both terms of the first half of 2010 and the first half of 2011. As a result, the odds ratio with reduction in pharmaceutical expenditures of clinic was statistically higher significantly in the shorter year number of opening clinic, in the larger number of doctors, when the classification of establishment is other, not individual, and when the signed subject is surgical division. Also, the odds ratio was significantly higher in the less patient number of clinic and in the lower ratio of patients aged over 65. Finally, the odds ratio was significantly high when a clinic had been located in DUR system demonstrative project area. Through this, a case of policy for improvement in doctor's autonomous prescription behavior like DUR system can be known to be effective for reduction in pharmaceutical expenditures. A future research on evaluation of policy for pharmaceutical expenditure management system will need to be performed in-depth analysis in consideration of diverse characteristics on the participatory entities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2009

African Americans in the United States suffer from many health disparities such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension. Lifestyle factors including diet and physical activity play an important role in prevention of these health conditions. The purpose of this research project was to assess beliefs, barriers and self-efficacy of eating a healthy diet and self efficacy of shopping for foods such as whole grains or foods designated as low fat or low sodium. Additionally, the objective was to assess beliefs about healthfulness, appropriate consumption, and protective aspect of specific foods including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The assessment was done using a survey instrument developed for this study. Data collection took place at two church locations. Data were obtained from 57 African Americans, mean age 50 years old (SD 12.70) completed the survey. The majority of respondents (58.1%) were females and most (75%) had at least some college education. Generally, benefits of eating healthy foods received considerably higher scores compared to barriers of eating healthy. A belief that healthy foods would help to take care of one's body received the highest mean score while a belief that healthy foods are too expensive had the highest score from all barriers. The results showed high self-efficacy of eating and purchasing healthy foods, high awareness of knowledge regarding foods associated with disease prevention but low awareness of recommendations for fruits and vegetables. The high scores for benefits, self-efficacy and knowledge regarding eating healthy foods did not translate into the perception of intake of such foods. Most participants believed that they do not eat enough of healthy foods. Interventions design to help African Americans make dietary changes should be culturally relevant and should involved working on a community level utilizing messages that are familiar and relevant to African Americans.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2007

Purpose: This study analysed the intention of medical students career choice, educational programmes, and mentoring and counseling system for career planning at Yonsei medical school in Korea. Methods: The data were collected based on four separate graduation questionnaires at Yonsei medical school in the years of 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008. The number of the survey was 130 in 2005, 130 in 2006, 153 in 2007, and that of the latest was 120 in 2008. We analysed the career intention on medical specialties and activities, and perceptions of important factors in choosing medical specialty. Results : The results which can be drawn from this study are these: firstly. students had more intention for choosing clinical medicine as university faculty than any other activities. While male students preferred to major in surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, urology, otorhinolaryngology, female students in internal medicine, neurology, anesthesiology and pain medicine, diagnostic radiology, laboratory medicine. Secondly, students perceived that the most important factor which can influence on choosing a medical specialty was individual factor such as one's interests and concerns, values, and aptitudes. In stead, they relatively less perceived mentor and role model's effects on choosing a medical specialty compared to those of the United States of America. Third, the career planning at Yonsei medical school was evaluated well, especially educational programmes for career planning such as self assessment programme, elective(specialized) courses, and conversation with a senior programme. Conclusions: Unexpectedly, there are high demands for career planning by medical students. Therefore, we will reorganize systematic devices for career planning such as mentoring and counseling system at medical school.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.518-518
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• 2017

Since Korea lunched the 4 Major River Restoration Project, the hydrological regime which is one of the major determinants for riverine condition have actually changed. It also important to connect hydrological characteristics and vegetation. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of hydrological regime on riverine vegetations and its successions. Iunundated exceedance probability concept are suggested to estimate rehabilitated and succession on the Binae island in the Han River. The result shows that the P=0.08 or lower IEPs should have the disturbance for vegetations, or should be changed to a hydrophilic ones. Therefore, agency which is mainly responsible for river and flow may have to be changed and considered flow regulation standard to conserve riverine zone.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.363-363
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 제주도 지역을 대상으로 현재의 용수공급 보장량을 기준으로 미래 인위적 자연적 요인에 따른 수요량의 변화를 고려하여 농업용수 과부족을 분석하였다. 인위적인 요인으로서 작물재배면적의 변화를 고려하였으며, 자연적인 요인으로서는 기후변화 영향을 고려하였다. 제주도의 유출특성과 지질특성, 물이용 특성 등을 고려하여 유역 물수지 기반의 순물소모량 개념을 활용하여 수요량을 추정하였으며, 농업용수 보장량(공급량)은 "제주특별자치도 농업용수 관리계획(2013-2022)"에서 제시하는 값을 적용하였다. 순물소모량 산정에 필요한 실제증발산량 및 잠재증발산량 등은 유역모형인 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 산정하였다. 인위적인 변화로서 2020년 작물재배면적 추정치를 적용하여 용수 과부족을 분석한 결과, 구좌읍과 성산읍 2개 지역에서 수요량이 보장량을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 참고로 기존의 필요수량 개념의 수요량을 적용했을 때에는 제주시 동지역, 구좌읍, 조천읍, 서귀포시 동지역, 성산읍, 표선면, 남원읍, 안덕면, 대정읍 등 9개 지역에서 용수가 부족할 것으로 분석된 바 있다. 미래 기후변화 영향을 고려하기 위하여 IPCC (International Panel on Climate Chnage) CMIP5(the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)에서 제시하는 대순환모델 중 9개 모형의 결과를 활용하여 미래(2010~2099년)의 수요량을 산정하고, 앞서 적용한 2020년 재배면적 추정치와 보장량을 기준으로 지역별, 시기별로 농업용수 과부족을 분석하였다. 기후변화 시나리오는 RCP 4.5와 RCP 8.5 결과를 적용하였다. 인위적인 영향에 대한 분석과 마찬가지로 구좌읍과 성산읍을 제외하고는 수요량 대비 보장량이 충분한 것으로 분석되었다. 시나리오에 따른 영향은 RCP 8.5 보다는 RCP 4.5 시나리오에서의 보장률이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 2개 시나리오 모두 미래 후반기로 갈수록 수요량의 증가에 따라 보장률이 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 이 분석은 재배면적의 변화가 없이 단순히 기상조건의 변화만을 적용한 전망으로서, 향후 실제 기상여건과 재배면적, 물이용, 용수공급체계, 물관리 정책방향 등의 변화에 따라 좌우될 수 있다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The operation of subway trains induces secondary structure-borne vibrations in the nearby underground spaces. The vibration, along with the associated noise, can cause annoyance and adverse physical, physiological, and psychological effects on humans in dense urban environments. Traditional tethered instruments restrict the rapid measurement and assessment on such vibration effect. This paper presents a novel approach for Wireless Smart Sensor (WSS)-based autonomous evaluation system for the subway train-induced vibrations. The system was implemented on a MEMSIC's Imote2 platform, using a SHM-H high-sensitivity accelerometer board stacked on top. A new embedded application VibrationLevelCalculation, which determines the International Organization for Standardization defined weighted acceleration level, was added into the Illinois Structural Health Monitoring Project Service Toolsuite. The system was verified in a large underground space, where a nearby subway station is a good source of ground excitation caused by the running subway trains. Using an on-board processor, each sensor calculated the distribution of vibration levels within the testing zone, and sent the distribution of vibration level by radio to display it on the central server. Also, the raw time-histories and frequency spectrum were retrieved from the WSS leaf nodes. Subsequently, spectral vibration levels in the one-third octave band, characterizing the vibrating influence of different frequency components on human bodies, was also calculated from each sensor node. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed system is efficient for autonomously evaluating the subway train-induced ambient vibration of underground spaces, and the system holds the potential of greatly reducing the laboring of dynamic field testing.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.169-189
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to elicit the priority of the index of the operation evaluation of the school library, and to present measures for improvement of the evaluation index that reflects the project sites. To this end, the school library evaluation index was analyzed by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) analysis method to teacher librarians who are the representative personnel of the school library. According to the research, the priority of the upper tier evaluation areas was human resources, library services, information resources, library management, facilities and environment, and the priority of the lower tier evaluation items was human resource allocation, human resources expertise, reading education, information literacy education, efforts to activate education, book composition snowflake, the latest book, budget, facility access, book status, appropriateness of facilities and facilities, management plan, proximity accessibility, PR and marketing, school library steering committee, cooperation, use of materials current status. The conclusions drawn from this study could be used as basic data in the application of fieldworked school library assessment indicators.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.273-285
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• 2021

This study estimates the financial value of return on investment (ROI) of research funds. Four simulation estimations are employed to measure ROI finance value that considers the outputs, outcomes, impacts and total ROI from the allocation input received. Research outputs, outcomes, and impacts can be quantitatively measured based on improvements to existing systems. In terms of input, the Malaysian government has allocated MYR301,350,000 for fundamental research in the 2021 budget compared with 2019, up 9.5 percent from 2019. It brings up the question: To what extent does the input of research funds allocated by the government yield a good return in outputs, outcomes, and impacts to the academic community, society, and country? The result of total ROI shows around MYR7 return is generated by researchers for each Malaysian ringgit channeled by the funder. More specifically, for a research project, it is more difficult to produce impacts and outcomes compared to research outputs. The positive return is evidence that all the allocated funds are beneficial to the stakeholders. The government can apply this approach in calculating ROI for evaluation and fund allocation to universities. Furthermore, the positive financial value of research output, outcome, and impact automatically contribute to a positive innovation environment in Malaysia.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.804-812
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• 2011

To prevent the overflow of various harmful chemicals, it is necessary to modify the chemical management system with an expansion to institutionally regulated substances. This modification should be preceded by selection of the priority chemicals, with a diverse chemical ranking system (CRS) applied to select the chemicals in developed countries. In Korea, a systematic CRS was used in a project related to soil and groundwater, however, it is inadequate to compare soil and groundwater CRS to that of surfacewater. In this study, a priority chemical ranking system for surfacewater was proposed through the analysis of international and domestic CRS cases. This was then applied to 161 chemicals to derive the priority list of harmful chemicals. As a result, Chemical RAnking of surFacewater polluTants (CRAFT) is presented for the protection of human health and the aquatic ecosystem from surfacewater pollutants. The components of CRAFT are the human health toxicity, aquatic ecosystem toxicity and reliability assessment factors. Three lists were derived from the 161 priority harmful chemicals for the protection of human health, aquatic ecosystem or both. It is expected that this result can be useful to prioritize harmful chemicals for the protection of human health and the aquatic ecosystem from Korean surfacewater.